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"Therapy of radiation is chosen therapy for oral cancer especially Carcinoma Nasopharynx, however, often caused changes in normal tissue in the oral cavity. Based on the anamnese of the patient, they have dry mouth since the disturbance of the function of Parotid salivary gland has causing the saliva amount became lower. This condition can encourage the caries process. From all of the five cases occured after the radiation between one mouth until six year the time, extended damage is seen, demineralization with a small cavity and discoloring teeth color into brown."

"Latar Belakang: Ekspresi PD-L1 sering ditemukan pada keganasan yang terkait dengan virus Epstein-Barr (EBV) seperti karsinoma nasofaring. Studi terbaru menunjukkan bahwa keganasan terkait EBV memiliki tingkat ekspresi PD-L1 yang tinggi. Tetapi mekanisme yang mendasari regulasi PD-L1 dan EBV terhadap ekstensi tumor masih kurang dipahami. Beberapa literatur menghubungkan parameter ini dengan tumor stadium lanjut dan prognosis buruk. Studi ini akan menilai konsentrasi PD-L1 dan DNA EBV pada jaringan tumor, pada pasien kanker nasofaring di populasi Indonesia yang dikumpulkan secara konsekutif dan dikorelasikan dengan ekstensivitas tumor. Metode: Kami menggunakan imunohistokimia dan ELISA untuk menilai PD-L1 dan reaksi rantai polimerase (PCR) juga dilakukan untuk menilai konsentrasi DNA EBV (EBNA-1 sebagai primer). Delineasi tumor dilanjutkan dengan perhitungan volumetrik menggunakan Eclipse Treatment Planning System. Semua pemeriksaan dilakukan pra terapi. Kami memperoleh data kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Kurva korelasi didapatkan menggunakan uji korelasi Pearson.  Hasil: Tidak ada korelasi antara DNA EBV dan ekstensivitas kanker nasofaring dengan ekspresi PD-L1 positif (p = 0,371). Lebih lanjut, tidak ada korelasi antara DNA EBV dan PD-L1.  Kesimpulan: Berapapun banyaknya tumor viral load DNA EBV dan konsentrasi PD-L1 tidak akan berpengaruh pada ekstensivitas tumor. Ini adalah studi pendahuluan.......Background: PD-L1 expression is often found in malignancies associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Recent studies shown that EBV-related malignancies have high levels of PD-L1 expression. But the mechanism underlying the regulation of PD-L1 and EBV DNA against tumor extension is still poorly understood. Some literature links this parameter with advanced tumors and poor prognosis. This study will assess tumor tissue PD-L1 and EBV DNA concentrations in nasopharyngeal cancer patients in the Indonesian population collected consecutively and correlate with tumor extensivity. Methods: We used immunohistochemical and ELISA to assess PD-L1 and polymerase chain reaction is also performed to assess the EBV DNA concentrations (EBNA-1 as primary). Tumor volume delineation continued with volumetric calculation using Eclipse treatment planning system. All examinations were carried out pre therapy. Quantitative and qualitative data was obtained. Correlation curves were estimated using the Pearson correlation test. Results: There was no correlation between EBV DNA and nasopharyngeal cancer extension with positive PD-L1 expression (p = 0.371). Furthermore, there is also no correlation existed between the EBV DNA copy and PD-L1. Conclusion: No matter how much tumor EBV DNA viral load and PD-L1 concentrations had no effect on tumor extensivity. This is a preliminary study."

"Pelaksanaan praktek klinik selama masa residensi keperawatan peminatan onkologi bertujuan untuk mampu menampilkan peran perawat spesialis sebagai pemberi asuhan keperawatan lanjut, pendidik, pembaharu dan peneliti. Peran pemberi asuhan keperawatan lanjut dilakukan dengan menggunakan Model Virginia Henderson pada pasien Karsinoma Nasofaring dan 30 kasus pasien kanker lainnya. Masalah yang paling banyak ditemui yaitu pada kebutuhan fisiologis dengan diagnosa keperawatan nyeri kronis. Intervensi keperawatan berupa manajemen nyeri ditujukan untuk meningkatkan kemandirian pasien dalam mengontrol nyeri kanker. Evidence Based Nursing dilakukan dengan menerapkan aromaterapi peppermint pada pasien yang menjalani program kemoterapi dan mengalami keluhan mual muntah akibat kemoterapi dengan hasil penurunan skor mual. Program inovasi kelompok berupa kryoterapi oral dan pengkajian mukositis menggunakan oral assessment guide terbukti efektif sebagai tindakan mandiri keperawatan dalam manajemen mukositis kanker. Kesimpulan : teori Virginia Henderson tepat digunakan pada pasien kanker khususnya karsinoma nasofaring untuk meningkatkan kemandirian akibat perubahan fisik, psikologis, sosiologis dan spiritual. Intervensi aromaterapi pepperint dan kryoterapi oral dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu tindakan mandiri keperawatan dalam menangani masalah yang muncul akibat kemoterapi. ......Implementation of clinical practice during the residency of nursing oncology aims to be able to showcase the role of specialist nurse as advanced nursing care provider , educator, advocator, innovator and researcher. Role of specialist as advance nursing care provider is done by using 14 Needs Virginia Henderson Model on Carcinoma Nasopharinx and 30 cases other cancer patients. Most problem is physiological need with a chronic pain nursing diagnosis. Nursing outcome of pain management are aimed at improving patient in controlling cancer pain. Evidence Based Nursing was performed by applying peppermint aromatherapy to eight patients undergoing chemotherapy and experiencing nausea and vomiting. Aromatherapy peppermint is effective reducing chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting. The innovation program was cryotherapy oral and oral assessment guide instrument proved effective as nursing intervention in the management of mucocitis. Conclusion: Virginia Henderson 39;s theory is appropriately used in cancer patients especially nasopharyngeal carcinoma to improve independence due to physical, psychological, sociological and spiritual changes. The aromatherapy interventions of pepperint and oral cryotherapy can be used as one of the independent actions of nursing in dealing with problems arising from chemotherapy. "