Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

Abstrak :
This book provides a comprehensive collection for experts in the Neuroscience and Biomedical technology fields, outlining various concepts from cognitive neuroscience and dementia to neural technology and rehabilitation--Provided by publisher.

Abstrak :
Summary: Suitable for clinicians in their practice and students on core clinical placements - musculoskeletal, neurology, respiratory, this book is designed to be an aide memoir in assessment and treatment planning with an access to key facts and figures.

Abstrak :
Diabetes melitus termasuk sepuluh penyebab kematian terbesar di dunia, dengan peningkatan 70% sejak tahun 2000. Kepatuhan menggunakan obat sangat penting untuk mencapai gula darah yang terkontrol pada pasien diabetes melitus. Pemberian insulin umumnya memberikan kontrol glikemik yang lebih baik sehingga meningkatkan kualitas hidup dan mengurangi komplikasi diabetes, namun pemberiannya menyakitkan, membutuhkan teknik khusus, dan membatasi aktivitas harian pasien. Pemberian insulin pada pasien penyakit saraf memerlukan pertimbangan khusus karena kondisi pasien dapat memengaruhi kepatuhan menggunakan obat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis hubungan pemberian insulin dengan kepatuhan menggunakan obat pada pasien diabetes melitus dengan penyakit saraf, serta pengaruh berbagai variabel perancu. Penelitian observasional ini dilakukan dengan desain potong lintang di sebuah rumah sakit pemerintah di Jakarta Timur pada September 2021-Januari 2022. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 yang mendapatkan antidiabetes minimal 6 bulan. Variabel bebas adalah pemberian insulin, sedangkan variabel terikat adalah kepatuhan yang diukur dengan menggunakan metode subjektif (Adherence to Refills and Medications Scale, ARMS) dan metode objektif (Medication Refill Adherence). Variabel perancu meliputi karakteristik dasar, riwayat kesehatan, dan pengobatan pasien. Berdasarkan metode ARMS dan MRA, dari 175 responden, 28 responden (16,0%) patuh, yaitu 5 responden (8,9%) yang menggunakan insulin dan 23 responden (19,3%) yang tidak menggunakan insulin. Pada pasien diabetes dengan penyakit saraf, pemberian insulin memengaruhi kepatuhan menggunakan obat sebesar 0,374 kali (IK95%: 0,129-1,087) atau pasien yang mendapatkan insulin memiliki kepatuhan 62,6% lebih rendah dibandingkan pasien yang tidak mendapatkan insulin setelah dikontrol oleh iterasi dan perubahan antidiabetes yang digunakan pasien. ......Diabetes mellitus is one of the ten leading causes of death in the world, with an increase of 70% since 2000. Medication adherence is very important to achieve controlled blood sugar in patients with diabetes mellitus. Insulin generally provides better glycaemic control thereby improving quality of life and reducing diabetes complications. However, the delivery considered painful, requires special techniques, and limits the patient's daily activities. Insulin administration in patients with neurological diseases requires special consideration because the patient's condition can affect medication adherence. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between insulin administration and medication adherence in diabetic patients with neurological diseases, and the influence of various confounding variables. This observational study was conducted with a cross-sectional design at a government hospital in East Jakarta from September 2021 to January 2022. The sample was type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who received antidiabetics for at least 6 months. The independent variable was insulin administration, while the dependent variable was adherence, measured using subjective methods (Adherence to Refills and Medications Scale, ARMS) and objective methods (Medication Refill Adherence, MRA). Confounding variables included baseline characteristics, medical history, and patient medication. Based on ARMS and MRA, there were 28 of 175 respondents (16.0%) who complied, namely 5 respondent (8.9%) who used insulin and 23 respondents (19.3%) who did not use insulin. Administration of insulin affects medication adherence by 0.374 times (95% CI: 0.129-1.087) than patients who do not use insulin or patients who use insulin have 62.6% lower adherence than patients who do not use insulin controlled by repeated prescription and antidiabetic changes.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Agriculture is one of major sectors of Indonesia economic source with the high volume of pesticide used. Unfortunately, adverse health effect of neurotoxic pesticide has never been reported in Indonesia. This study aimed to determine effectiveness of personal protective equipment (PPE) during applied pesticides to neurological symptoms in farmers. This study was cross-sectionally conducted from April to May 2016 in Purworejo District. About 125 farmers were selected using purposive sampling, and restriction was applied in male farmers due to the high proportion of male sprayer. Data was collected by observation and interview. Logistic regression showed protective result of PPE used during preparing (POR=0.402; 95% CI 0.114-1.423) and spraying (POR = 0.382; 95% CI 0.110-1.320), also following wind direction (POR = 0.882; 95% CI 0.271-2.872) and bathing after spraying (POR=0.328; 95% CI 0.036-3.006) after controlled by confounders. Proper PPE used during preparing and spraying pesticide, following wind direction during spraying, and bathing after spraying can decrease risk of neurological symptoms because of pesticide exposure.

Abstrak :
Penelitian analisis kadar merkuri dalam rambut dengan gangguan fungsi sistem saraf pusat bagi pekerja pertambangan emas, dilakukan untuk dapat memberikan referensi terkait dampak penggunaan merkuri dan penanggulangannya bagi kesehatan masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode cross sectional dengan menganalisis data sekunder dari Kementerian Kesehatan terhadap 119 sampel. Hasil pengukuran kadar merkuri dalam rambut pekerja, didapatkan 77,9% berada diatas normal, angka Nilai Indeks Pajanan Biologi yang dipersyarakatkan ≤ 3μg/g (ACGIH, 2005). Analisis kadar merkuri dalam rambut dengan gangguan fungsi sistem saraf pusat, secara perhitungan statistik menunjukan tidak ada hubungan signifikan, namun pekerja dengan kadar merkuri tinggi berisiko 3,12 kali,CI 95% (0,67 - 14,36) terhadap gangguan fungsi sistem saraf pusat. Analisis berbagai faktor konfounding, yaitu: Lama paparan, konsumsi sayur-buah, konsumsi ikan, penggunaan pestisida dan atau insektisida dan kebiasaan merokok, berdasarkan perhitungan statistik, hanya penggunaan pestisida secara konstan mempunyai hubungan diantara keduanya dan berisiko 3,97 kali, CI 95% (1,51 - 10,43) terhadap gangguan fungsi sistem saraf pusat. Hasil analisis multivariat, didapatkan responden dengan kadar merkuri dalam rambut tinggi, mempunyai risiko 2,82 kali lebih besar dengan CI 95% (0,595-13,379) untuk mengalami gangguan fungsi sistem saraf pusat setelah dikontrol variabel penggunaan pestisida. Pencegahan dan pengendalian dampak kesehatan akibat penggunaan merkuri perlu melibatkan berbagai pihak baik pemerintah, swasta dan masyarakat, melalui program eliminasi, subtitusi, pengendalian teknis dan administrasi. ...... Research into the analysis of mercury levels in hair with impaired central nervous system function for gold mining workers, was conducted to provide a reference to the impact of mercury use and its prevention for public health. The method in this research use cross sectional design. This research used secondary data from Ministry of Health, with 119 miners as samples. The results of the measurement of mercury in the hair of workers, obtained 77.9% above normal, Biology Exposure Index value ≤ 3μg / g (ACGIH, 2005). Analysis of mercury levels in the hair with impaired function of the central nervous system, the statistical calculation showed no significant relationship, but workers with high mercury levels risked 3.12 times, 95% CI (0.67 - 14.36) against impaired functioning of the nervous system center. Analysis of various confounding factors, namely: Length of exposure, consumption of fruits, fish consumption, pesticide and or insecticide use and smoking habits, based on statistical calculations, only the use of pesticides has a constant relationship between them and 3.97 times risk, 95% (1.51 - 10.43) against impaired functioning of the central nervous system. The result of multivariate analysis, obtained by respondent with high mercury in hair, had 2.82 times greater risk with 95% CI (0,595-13,379) for impaired function of central nervous system after controlled variable of pesticide usage. Prevention and control of health impacts due to the use of mercury should involve various parties, government, private and public, through elimination, substitution, technical and administrative control programs.