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"Latar Belakang:Hidung adalah organ saluran napas bagian atas yang terpajan secara langsung terhadap agent debu tepung terigu. Deposit partikel debu tepung yang terjadi pada saat inhalasi maupunekshalasi terbanyak pada hidung. Partikel debu tepung tersebut merupakan stimulus dan rangsangan inflamasi pads mukosa hidung dan sinus paranasal.Metoda:Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kros seksional, dilakukan pada pabrik tepung Jakarta, bulan Agustus 2.005 sampai Juli 2006. Responden adalah pekerja PT X bagian pengepakan yang menderita Rinitis Akibat Kerja.Hasil Penelitian:Kadar debu personal melebihi ambang batas (NAB = 4 mg/m3). Jumlah responden pada penelitian ini 80 orang, yang menderita Rinosinusitis Kronis Akibat Kerja sebanyak 35 orang.Berbagai variabel diteliti untuk mencari hubungan dengan terjadinya Rinosinusitis Kronis Akibat Kerja, yaitu karakteristik responden, aspek K3 dan faktor rinogenik. Dengan uji statistik diketahui variabel yang bermakna adalah pendidikan (p = 0,037), merokok (p = 0,045) dan prosesus unsinatus (p = 0,000). Dengan analisis multivariat diketahui prosesus unsinatus merupakan faktor yang dominan untuk terjadinya Rinosinusitis Kronis Akibat Kerja. Kesimpulan:Prevalensi Rinosinusitis Kronis Akibat Kerja adalah 43,8%. Variabel pendidikan, perokok dan prosesus unsinatus bcrmakna untuk terjadinya Rinosinusitis Kronis Akibat Kcrja. Variabel yang paling dominan untuk terjadinya Rinosinusitis Kronis Akibat Kerja adalah prosesus unsinatus.

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Background:

Nose. the upper organ of respiratory tract system suffered directly from flour dust exposure. Deposit of flour dust particles during inhalation and exhalation accumulated mostly in the nose, acted as stimulator as well as generating inflammatory effect on nasal and paranasal sinus mucosa.

Method:

This research design was cross sectional carried out in flour factory Jakarta. Duration of study from August 2005 until July 2006. The subjects were from flour packing workers department and were diagnosed occupational rhinitis before.

Result:

The level of personal dust exposure exceeded threshold limit, value of 4 mglm3. The total subjects was 80 workers, in which 35 workers were being as diagnosed occupational chronic _rhinosinusitis, i:e is demographic, occupational and rhinogenic factors. Using bivariate statistical analysis, education (p = 0,037), smoking (p = 0,045) and procesus uncinatus (p =0,000) were identified as having significant relationship. In the logistic regression function analyses only procesus uncinatus was identified as the determinant of occupational chronic rhinosinusitis.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of occupational chronic rhinosinusitis is 43,8%. While education, smoking and procesus uncinatus are the variables identified as major risk factors. Procesus uncinatus in the logistic regression then identified as the determinant of having occupational chronic rhinosinusitis."

"ABSTRAK Prevalensi Rinitis Akibat Kerja (RAK) berkisar antara 5-48%. Penyebab RAKantara lain adalah partikulat debu yang beterbangan di lingkungan kerja. Hal iniakan meningkatkan beban pembiayaan baik terhadap pekerja itu sendiri maupunperusahaan tempat ia bekerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahuiprevalensi RAK serta hubungan antara kadar partikulat debu dengan kejadianRAK dengan populasi pekerja parkir basement di sebuah Hotel dan RSUD diJakarta dengan waktu pengumpulan sampel dilakukan selama bulan Desember 2014 hingga Maret 2015. Sampel penelitian adalah yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi yakni area kerja di parkir basement, usia 20-40 tahun, masa kerja lebihdari 1 tahun dan bersedia mengikuti prosedur penelitian. Subyek penelitian diwawancara dan diperiksa kadar eosinofil kerokan mukosa hidung sebelum dansesudah bekerja. RAK positif apabila terdapat gejala rinitis, memberat ketikabekerja dan ada peningkatan eosinofil kerokan mukosa hidung. Analisa penelitiandilakukan berdasarkan karakteristik usia, jenis kelamin, masa kerja, kebiasaanmerokok dan bagian kerja (terpapar langsung atau tidak dengan partikulat debu).Dari 57 subyek penelitian, 6 orang (10.5%) mengalami peningkatan eosinofildengan karakterisktik sebagai berikut: 4 orang memiliki masa kerja > 4 tahun; 4orang memiliki kebiasaan merokok; dan 3 orang bekerja di bagian kerja yangterpapar langsung dengan partikulat debu. Dari 6 orang tersebut terdapat 3 orang(5.2%) yang memenuhi kriteria RAK dengan karakteristik sebagai berikut: 2orang berusia 30-40 tahun, 2 orang adalah laki-laki, 2 orang mempunyai masakerja ≤ 4 tahun, dan 2 orang berasal dari bagian kerja yang terpapar tidaklangsung dengan partikulat debu. Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara riwayatatopi dengan peningkatan eosinofil (OR 23.33 dan 95%CI 2.40-224.62). Namuntidak ditemukan hubungan antara kadar partikulat debu dan masa kerja dengan RAK yang bermakna. ABSTRACT The prevalence of occupational rhinitis ranges between 5-48%. It is caused byparticulate dust in the workplace. It will increase financial burden both for theworkers themselves and the company. This study aims to determine theprevalence of OR and the relation between the levels of particulate dust with ORincident among workers who work in a hotel or hospital basement parking lot inJakarta, during December 2014 to March 2015. The sample inclusion criteriawere: age 20-40 years, working period of more than one year and are willing toparticipate in the study. The subjects were interviewed and nasal mucosal scrapings eosinophil levels were measured before and after work. OR was defined as has symptoms of rhinitis, increase during work and there is anincrease in eosinophils nasal mucosal scrapings. Analysis of the research carriedout based on the characteristics of age, sex, years of smoking and workingdirectly or indirectly exposed to dust particulates. Of the 57 subjects of the study,6 (10.5%) experienced an increase in eosinophils with the followingcharacteristics: 4 people has a work period > 4 years; 4 people smoke; and 3people work directly exposed to particulate dust. Three subjects (5.2%) meet allthe OR criteria with the following characteristics: 2 were aged 30-40 years, 2were male, 2 have a working period of ≤ 4 years and 2 were indirectly exposed toparticulate dust. There is a very significant association between history of atopywith increased eosinophils (, OR 23.3 and 95% CI 2.40-224.62). However, no association was found between levels of particulate dust and working period.;The prevalence of occupational rhinitis ranges between 5-48%. It is caused byparticulate dust in the workplace. It will increase financial burden both for theworkers themselves and the company. This study aims to determine theprevalence of OR and the relation between the levels of particulate dust with ORincident among workers who work in a hotel or hospital basement parking lot inJakarta, during December 2014 to March 2015. The sample inclusion criteriawere: age 20-40 years, working period of more than one year and are willing toparticipate in the study. The subjects were interviewed and nasal mucosal scrapings eosinophil levels were measured before and after work. OR was defined as has symptoms of rhinitis, increase during work and there is anincrease in eosinophils nasal mucosal scrapings. Analysis of the research carriedout based on the characteristics of age, sex, years of smoking and workingdirectly or indirectly exposed to dust particulates. Of the 57 subjects of the study,6 (10.5%) experienced an increase in eosinophils with the followingcharacteristics: 4 people has a work period > 4 years; 4 people smoke; and 3people work directly exposed to particulate dust. Three subjects (5.2%) meet allthe OR criteria with the following characteristics: 2 were aged 30-40 years, 2were male, 2 have a working period of ≤ 4 years and 2 were indirectly exposed toparticulate dust. There is a very significant association between history of atopywith increased eosinophils (, OR 23.3 and 95% CI 2.40-224.62). However, no association was found between levels of particulate dust and working period.;The prevalence of occupational rhinitis ranges between 5-48%. It is caused byparticulate dust in the workplace. It will increase financial burden both for theworkers themselves and the company. This study aims to determine theprevalence of OR and the relation between the levels of particulate dust with ORincident among workers who work in a hotel or hospital basement parking lot inJakarta, during December 2014 to March 2015. The sample inclusion criteriawere: age 20-40 years, working period of more than one year and are willing toparticipate in the study. The subjects were interviewed and nasal mucosal scrapings eosinophil levels were measured before and after work. OR was defined as has symptoms of rhinitis, increase during work and there is anincrease in eosinophils nasal mucosal scrapings. Analysis of the research carriedout based on the characteristics of age, sex, years of smoking and workingdirectly or indirectly exposed to dust particulates. Of the 57 subjects of the study,6 (10.5%) experienced an increase in eosinophils with the followingcharacteristics: 4 people has a work period > 4 years; 4 people smoke; and 3people work directly exposed to particulate dust. Three subjects (5.2%) meet allthe OR criteria with the following characteristics: 2 were aged 30-40 years, 2were male, 2 have a working period of ≤ 4 years and 2 were indirectly exposed toparticulate dust. There is a very significant association between history of atopywith increased eosinophils (, OR 23.3 and 95% CI 2.40-224.62). However, no association was found between levels of particulate dust and working period.;The prevalence of occupational rhinitis ranges between 5-48%. It is caused byparticulate dust in the workplace. It will increase financial burden both for theworkers themselves and the company. This study aims to determine theprevalence of OR and the relation between the levels of particulate dust with ORincident among workers who work in a hotel or hospital basement parking lot inJakarta, during December 2014 to March 2015. The sample inclusion criteriawere: age 20-40 years, working period of more than one year and are willing toparticipate in the study. The subjects were interviewed and nasal mucosal scrapings eosinophil levels were measured before and after work. OR was defined as has symptoms of rhinitis, increase during work and there is anincrease in eosinophils nasal mucosal scrapings. Analysis of the research carriedout based on the characteristics of age, sex, years of smoking and workingdirectly or indirectly exposed to dust particulates. Of the 57 subjects of the study,6 (10.5%) experienced an increase in eosinophils with the followingcharacteristics: 4 people has a work period > 4 years; 4 people smoke; and 3people work directly exposed to particulate dust. Three subjects (5.2%) meet allthe OR criteria with the following characteristics: 2 were aged 30-40 years, 2were male, 2 have a working period of ≤ 4 years and 2 were indirectly exposed toparticulate dust. There is a very significant association between history of atopywith increased eosinophils (, OR 23.3 and 95% CI 2.40-224.62). However, no association was found between levels of particulate dust and working period."

"Latar belakang: PT X adalah produsen tepung gandum, dimana dalam proses produksinya dihasilkan debu tepung yang mencemari lingkungan kerja. Debu tepung gandum yang masuk ke saluran nafas pekerja dapat menyebabkan penyakit pada saluran nafas yaitu Rinitis Akibat Kerja.Metode: Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu diketahuinya faktor-faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan Rinitis Akibat Ketja. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan desain studi kasus kontrol untuk mengetahui hubungan antara faktor-faktor risiko pada pekerja dan terjadinya Rinitis Akibat Kerja. Responden adalah pekerja yang bekerja di bagian Pengepakan yang memenuhi syarat inkiusi, berjumlah 215 responden. Data yang dikumpulkan yaitu variabei babas (umur, masa kerja, pakai APD, riwayat atopi dan kebiasaan merokok) dan variabel iergantungnya Rinitis Akibat Kerja.Hasil: Hasil pengukuran kadar debit personal melebihi NAB (4 mg/m3) yaitu di proses pengepakan sebesar 5.66 mglm3 dan proses pengayakan sebesar 15.12 mg/rn3. Dari 215 responder didapatkan 82 responden (38.1%) yang menderita Rinitis Akibat Kerja atau kasus dan 133 responden (61.9%) yang tidal( menderita Rinitis Akibat Kerja sebagai kontrol. Riwayat atopi dan Pemakaian Mat Pelindung Diri yang kurang baik, berhubungan dengan terjadinya Rinitis Akibat Kerja yaitu masing-masing dengan OR--4.24; p 0.00; 95% CI 2.35-7.66 dan OR 2.06; p 0.014; 95%CI 1.16-3.65.Kesimpulan: Pajanan debu tepung di udara bagian Pengepakan melebihi Nilai Ambang Batas. Faktor yang berhubungan dengan Rinitis Akibat Kerja pada pekerja bagian Pengepakan adalah adanya riwayat atopi dan pemakaian Alat Peiindung Diri (masker) yang kurang baik.

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Background: PT X is a factory produces whole-wheat flour which its process generates flour dust that contamined working environment especialy at packaging area Inhaled flour dust may affect to workers'respiratory tract, then included Occupational Rhinitis.

Method: This study was conducted by using ease control design to look at the relation between worker characteristics, length of service, atopic history, personal protection equipment use and smoking habit. 215 study subjects who work for Packaging Department and fulfilled inclution criteria were involved in this study. Collected data were consisted of Occupational Rhinitis as dependent variable and its risk factors as independent variables.

Result: The level of personal dust exposure were 5.66 mg/m3 at packaging area and 15.12 mg/m' at the filtering process which exceeded Treshold Limit Value of 4 mglm3. 82 subjects (38.1%) of 215 total respondent were diagnosed Occupational Rhinitis. In contrast 133 subjects (61.9%) were not Occupational Rhinitis as a control group. Statistical analysis shows that unappropriate use of personal protection equipment and atopic history have significant association with the risk of Occupational Rhinitis (OR 2.06; 95%Cl; 1.16-3.65 and OR 4.24; 95%Cl; 2.35-7.66).

Conclusion: The exposure levels of the flour dust in the air of Packaging Department were above Treshold Limit Value. Factors assosiated with the Occupational Rhinitis at the workers of the Department of Packaging are atopic history, and unappropriate use of personal protection equipment (masker)."