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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Penelitian perilaku penggunaan alat pada orangutan Sumatera (Pongo pygmaeus abelii Lesson 1827) dalam. memanfaatkan sumber pakan serangga di Suaq Balimbing, Kluet, Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser telah dilakukan pada bulan September 1994 hingga Maret 1995. Pengamatan yang dilakukan meliputi aktivitas harian, aktivitas pencarian serangga sosial, dan penggunaan alat dalam. memanfaatkan sumber pakan serangga sosial. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan meto.de focal animal sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa orangutan mengkonsumsi 11 spesies dari 5 familia serangga sosial. Pencarian serangga sosial umumnya dilakukan siang (>10.00-14.00) dan sore hari (>14.00-18.00). Dari 4 katagori cara pengambilan serangga (destructive, extractive, surface, tool use) yang paling sering dilakukan adalah cara destructive. Alat yang digunakan dalam mencari serangga sosial adalah ranting dengan panjang berkisar antara 12,5 cm hingga 49,5 cm dan diameter berkisar antara 5,3 mm hingga 14,6 mm. Diketahui pula bahwa alat cenderung untuk dikupas apabila akan digunakan untuk mencari lebah keringat dan cenderung tidak dikupas apabila akan digunakan untuk mencari rayap.

Abstrak :
Sumatran orangutans, found in the Province of Nangroe Aceh Darussalam and North Sumatra Province, are fragmented into four populations. One of these populations exists in Angkola, a forested area located in the southern part of Lake Toba. This population is considered small and narrowly distributed. Our survey shows that individual orangutans appear in and around the Dolok Sibualbuali Nature Reserve. This indicates that orangutans can adapt to fragmented habitats, such as those found near Dolok Sibualbuali Nature Reserve, south of Tapanuli, North Sumatra. The preliminary study was conducted from April 2002 to January 2003. This study recorded the distribution and daily activities of orangutans in Dolok Sibualbuali Nature Reserve. Repeated crisscrossing surveys and focal animal observation were used to document orangutan distribution and daily activity. Human activities are the main factor for the loss of orangutan habitat. Illegal logging, forest conversion for timber concessions and plantations, road construction, and settlement are the main factors for forest loss. This forces orangutans out of their native habitat and makes them vulnerable to extinction. Based on direct sightings, orangutans are found at Aek Nabara and Sitolu. Moreover, the presence of orangutans is indicated by nests at the Sihulambu and Bulu Mario sites. The orangutan population is not evenly distributed but seems to be present at locations with food resources. Seven individuals were chosen as focal animals. They consisted of three adult females, three sub-adult males, and one juvenile. Total observation time was 757 hours and 40 minutes. Feeding, moving, resting, nesting, and social activities were the main activities that were recorded. Orangutans spent their daily activity budgets as follows: feeding (42.29%), moving (16.47%), resting (37.41%), nesting (1.89%), and social contact (1.93%). Orangutans spent much of their time (42.29%) feeding, particularly when food resources were abundant. Due to their large body size, food consumption was high. There are 115 types of orangutan food consisting of fruits (36.6%), flowers (3.89%), leaves (28.33%), bark (17.7%), and pith/stem (11.67%), and other food types (insects, honey, etc.) (1.67%). Fruit is the main source of orangutans' food. We concluded that the distribution and daily activity of orangutans at Dolok Sibualbuali Nature Reserve are greatly influenced by the availability of food, particularly fruit. When favored fruit is abundantly available, orangutans will constantly consume that fruit and visit fruit trees of the same species in other locations. Orangutans will also search for other food in community farms near the Nature Reserve when forest fruit availability is low, leading to conflict with local people.

Abstrak :
......Orangutan is the Asian representative of the great apes. Its present range is confined to dwindling areas on the islands of Sumatera (Pongo abelii) and Borneo (Pongo pygmaeus) (Rijksen & Meijaard, 1999). Orangutans are arboreal (Rijksen, 1978; Galdikas, 1978), frugivorous (MacKinnon, 1974) and live semi-solitary in fission- fusion societies (Delgado & van Schaik, 2000). Ketambe, one of the major orangutan sites, supports a population density of 3-5 ind/km2 . Ketambe Research Center, which is based in Gunung Leuser Ecosystem, was run since early 1970. There are at least six families of orangutans living in the research areal of 450 ha, including the offspring of the ex rehabilitation orangutans. Orangutans in this area have been studied since 1971, where many behavioral and ecological studies have been conducted.. One of the most important studies identified matrilines within Ketambe based on genetic analysis (Atmoko, 2000) Female orangutans in Ketambe tend to be philopatric which means that they remain in their natal or birth groups. This condition is the result of intense competition among individual orangutans over food patchs because they often form dominance relations when meeting in the same food patch. Dominan ranking of ex-rehabilitation orangutans, based on a liniear index of responses in the context of displacement at a food patch, tends to be lower than those of wild orangutans. Orangutans travel and forage to find food patches within their habitat. By using software GIS Arc View 3.3, Day Journey Length (DHL) adult females including ex-rehabilitation female orangutan ex-rehabilitant is known to be 37-2.106 meters with an average between 437-795 meter. The matrilinial relationship between individuals influence each other in foraging and competition to form home ranges, especially for females. Orangutans matrilines tend to have overlapping home ranges between 46,66% - 97,07%).

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Penelitian pengenalan sumber pakan dan perilaku bersarang orangutan borneo Pongo pygmaeus Linnaeus, 1760 golongan umur anak tanpa induk di Sekolah Hutan Tembak, Sintang Kalimantan Barat telah dilakukan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengamati pengenalan sumber pakan dan perilaku bersarang orangutan anak dalam Kandang Sosialisasi dan Sekolah Hutan Tembak. Sebanyak dua orangutan anak diamati melalui metode focal animal sampling dan ad libitum. Melalui 401 jam pengamatan, hasil penelitian yang diperoleh yaitu jenis makanan kedua orangutan anak di Kandang Sosialisasi didominasi oleh buah 76,82 , sedangkan di Sekolah Hutan Tembak didominasi oleh daun 38,32 . Perilaku bersarang kedua orangutan anak di Kandang Sosial dan Sekolah Hutan Tembak cukup baik. Kedua orangutan anak mampu membuat sarang meskipun belum sampai pada tahap penguncian sarang.

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ABSTRACT
The research of explore to food sources and nesting behaviour of orphaned juvenile bornean orangutan Pongo pygmaeus Linnaeus, 1760 at Tembak Forest School, Sintang West Kalimantan has been conducted. The study aims to observe food sources exploration and nesting behaviour of juvenile orangutan in Socialization Cages and Tembak Forest School. Two juvenile orangutans were observed through focal animal sampling and ad libitum methods. With 401 hours observation, the result showed that food sources introduction at Socialization Cages of both juvenile orangutans are dominated by fruits 76,82 while at Tembak Forest School are dominated by leaves 38,32 . The nesting behaviour both of juvenile orangutans are quite good, both of juvenile orangutans are able to make nest even though it has not reached the nest locking stage.

Abstrak :
Pengetahuan lingkungan sangat diperlukan dalam memitigasi kerusakan lingkungan. Masalah pada riset ini adalah kurang sadarnya masyarakat menjaga orangutan yang merupakan bagian dari biodiversitas, hal penting yang menjadi fokus pada riset ini.. Tingginya tingkat konflik antara manusia dengan orangutan merupakan ancaman terhadap turunnya populasi orangutan. Tujuan riset ini adalah menyusun strategi  pengetahuan lingkungan dengan arus utama hidup berdampingan antara manusia dengan orangutan berdasarkan kasus penembakan 74 peluru kepada orangutan di Kota Subulussalam, Provinsi Aceh. Metode yang digunakan pada pengumpulan data adalah wawancara dan Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Analisis yang digunakan adalah SWOT kualitatif. Strategi pengetahuan lingkungan untuk melindungi hutan dan isinya perlu didukung penuh oleh  masyarakat, NGO dan pemerintah melalui pelatihan dan muatan lokal. Kesimpulan riset ini adalah strategi pengetahuan lingkungan yang menarik dan tepat dapat meningkatkan kesadaran berperilaku baik dan beretika kepada alam, hutan dan isinya sehingga dapat menekan konflik antara manusia dengan orangutan. ......Environmental knowledge is very necessary in mitigating environmental damage. The problem in this research is lack of people awareness on the important of biodiversity conservation, including orangutans. The high level of conflict between humans and orangutans is a threat to the survival of the orangutan population. The purpose of this research is to develop an environmental knowledge strategy by maintreming the coexistence between humans and orangutans. The methods used in data collection were interviews and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The analysis used is a qualitative SWOT. Environmental knowledge strategies to protect forests and their contents need to be fully supported by the community, NGO and the government through training, and local content. The conclusion of this research is that an attractive and appropriate environmental knowledge strategy can increase awareness of good and ethical behavior towards nature, forests and their contents so that it can reduce conflicts between humans and orangutans.

Abstrak :
Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai aktivitas harian dan kemandirian orangutan {Pongo pygmaeus (Linnaeus 1760)} muda di Pusat Primata Schmutzer, Taman margasatwa Ragunan, Jakarta. Penelitian bertujuan mengamati pola aktivitas harian dan kemandirian orangutan muda yang lahir di penangkaran. Penelitian pada dua ekor orangutan betina, yang masingmasing berusia 1 dan 2 tahun, dilakukan selama bulan Februari--Maret 2009 menggunakan metode focal animal dan ad libitum sampling. Aktivitas yang diamati adalah istirahat, bergerak, makan, bermain, menelisik, bergendong, dan menyusu. Pencatatan aktivitas harian dibagi atas aktivitas dekat induk (0--2 meter) dan jauh dari induk (>2 meter). Tabulasi data disajikan dalam bentuk tabel dan diagram serta dianalisis secara deskriptif. Rerata aktivitas harian kedua individu orangutan muda secara umum menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas bergerak (44,38%) merupakan aktivitas tertinggi, diikuti dengan aktivitas makan (22,27%), bermain (16,51%), bergendong (13%), menelisik (1,78%), istirahat (1,49%), dan menyusu (9,46%). Terdapat perbedaan pemanfaatan jarak antara individu dengan induknya masing-masing. Aktivitas harian jauh dari induk lebih banyak dilakukan individu berusia lebih tua (64,42 %) dibandingkan individu berusia lebih muda (28,26%). Sedangkan aktivitas harian dekat induk lebih sedikit dilakukan individu lebih tua (35,58 %) dibandingkan individu yang lebih muda (71,74%). Berdasarkan pemanfaatan jarak, individu dengan usia yang muda lebih banyak menggunakan waktu dekat induk untuk bergerak (29,19 %), bergendong (19,30%), makan (16,64%), bermain (4,33%), beristirahat (1,34%), dan menyusu (0,48%), sedangkan individu dengan usia lebih tua lebih banyak menggunakan waktu jauh dari induk untuk bergerak (33,08%), bermain (17,66%), makan (12,56%), beristirahat (0,58%), dan menelisik (0,54%).