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"Penelitian ini membahas bagaimana pasifisme di Jepang direpresentasikan dalam manga Planetes. Penulis menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis, teori pasifisme oleh Ryan Cheyney, dan teori representasi oleh Stuart Hall. Penulis mengidentifikasi dua bentuk pasifisme yang disebut oleh Cheyney, yaitu pasifisme personal dan pasifisme politik yang direpresentasikan melalui potongan adegan dari keseluruhan empat volume manga Planetes. Penulis menemukan satu adegan dalam manga yang berisi nilai pasifisme personal. Penulis menemukan dua adegan dalam manga yang berisi nilai pasifisme politik. Manga Planetes menunjukkan bahwa pasifisme di Jepang semakin memudar dengan merujuk pada perluasan interpretasi pasal sembilan konstitusi Jepang. Tahun 1992 menandakan pertama kalinya Jepang mengirim pasukannya ke luar negeri untuk misi perdamaian, meskipun sebelumnya dilarang oleh konstitusi

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This research discusses how pacifism in Japan is represented in Planetes manga. The author uses descriptive analysis methods, the theory of pacifism by Ryan Cheyney, and the theory of representation by Stuart Hall. The author identifies two forms of pacifism mentioned by Cheyney, namely personal pacifism and political pacifism which are represented through cut scenes from all four volumes of the manga Planetes. The author finds a scene in the manga that contains personal pacifist values. The author found two scenes in the manga that contained political pacifist values. The Planetes manga shows that pacifism in Japan is waning by referring to an expanded interpretation of article nine of the Japanese constitution. 1992 marked the first time Japan had sent troops overseas on a peacekeeping mission, although it had previously been prohibited by the constitution"

"Skripsi ini membahas bagaimana ideologi pasifisme diekspresikan dalam dua buah film animasi karya Hayao Miyazaki yang berjudul "Hauru no Ugoku Shiro" dan "Kaze Tachinu". Penelitian ini menggunakan kajian ekspresif dalam pendekatan psikologi sastra. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa latar belakang biografis menjadi penyebab Miyazaki menganut pasifisme; kedua film tersebut mengekspresikan ideologi pasifisme melalui kisah antar tokoh yang disampaikan lewat dialog dan adegan khas pengeboman kota hingga menjadi lautan api serta pesawat perang yang hancur berjatuhan karena perang.

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This thesis examines how the ideology of pacifism is expressed in two of Hayao Miyazaki's animation movies which are "Hauru no Ugoku Shiro" and "Kaze Tachinu". This research uses expressive analysis from psychological approach to literature. The result states that Miyazaki's background is the cause of him became a pacifist and both movies express the ideology of pacifism through stories between the characters, which are delivered by dialogues and typical scenes of city bombings and broken war airships."

"Tesis ini membahas alasan dibalik dukungan organisasi Soka Gakkai terhadap Komeito dengan mitra koalisinya, LDP untuk melakukan penafsiran ulang terhadap Pasal 9 Konstitusi Jepang 1947. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui studi literatur/kajian pustaka, studi data resmi yang dipublikasikan oleh media masa dan situs yang terkait langsung dengan objek penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pragmatisme politik Soka Gakkai melandasi dukungan tersebut karena Soka Gakkai memiliki kepentingan antara lain: (1) kepentingan politis yaitu keinginan Soka Gakkai untuk mendominasi seluruh Jepang dengan cara ikut berpartisipasi dalam pembuatan keputusan dan arah kebijakan negara, serta mengontrol media dan public figure, (2) kepentingan ekonomi, yaitu pengamanan aset dan kekayaan Soka Gakkai.

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This research analyzes the motives of the Soka Gakkai's support towards the Komeito and LDP coalition to reinterpret the Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution. This qualitative research develops the data through literature review, and by analyzing some official datas that are published by the media and sites related to the research object. The results showed that political pragmatism of Soka Gakkai is the main reason of why Soka Gakkai keeps supporting Komeito and LDP coalition. Soka Gakkai has some interests behind this coalition: (1) political interests; Soka Gakkai's desire to dominate the whole of Japan by participating in the decision-making activities and influencing the government policies as well as controling the media and the public figures, (2) economic interest; securing the assets and properties of the Soka Gakkai."

"Penelitian ini menganalisis tak 'to e nam delat ?' oleh Leo Tolstoy. Buku ini mengungkapkan kehidupan orang-orang Rusia dibagi dua kelas: kaum borjuis dan petani. Penulis juga bercerita tentang bagaimana kapitalisme tumbuh di ibu kota Rusia sekarang, bagaimana orang hidup dalam kemiskinan sementara sebaliknya, mengungkapkan bagaimana orang-orang kaya hidup dan memperlakukan orang-orang yang bekerja dengan mereka, bagaimana pajak bekerja di masyarakat, sementara mengemukakan pendapat penulis tentang sosial dan ekonomi di Moskow, mewakili Rusia secara keseluruhan yang menunjukkan poin yang memadai dengan anarkisme, dalam hal ini anarko-pasifisme. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati subyek kolektif dan pandangan dunia yang digambarkan dalam buku ini, yang kemudian berkorelasi dengan pandangan anarko-pasifisme. Menerapkan struktur struktural genetik Lucien Goldmann dan dengan menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif menurut Sugiyono dan Whitney, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Tolstoy menggambarkan bagaimana kapitalisme mencekik kehidupan orang-orang yang berada di bawah kemiskinan, dan bagaimana Tolstoy mengungkapkan pandangannya untuk menghapuskan pajak Dan ketidaksetaraan terjadi pada saat itu, terutama kapitalisme yang merupakan target utama oleh para anarkis untuk dihapuskan dengan cara yang tidak menggunakan kekerasan.

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This research analyses 'tak 'to e nam delat ?' by Leo Tolstoy. This book reveals the lives of Russian people divided by two classes bourgeoisie and peasant. The author also tells about how capitalism grows in the now capital of Russia, how people live in poverty while in contrast, reveals how do the riches live and treat those who work with them, how do taxes work in society, whilst expressing author 39 s opinion of social and economical lives in Moscow, representing Russia in a whole which points adequate with the points in anarchism, in this case anarcho pacifism.

This research aims at observing the collective subjects and world views portrayed in the book, subsequently correlate to the views of anarcho pacifism. Applying Lucien Goldmann 39 s genetic structuralism and by using descriptive analytic method according to Sugiyono and Whitney, this research leads to the point where Tolstoy tries to portray how capitalism strangle those lives under poverty and how Tolstoy expresses his view to abolish taxes and inequalities occur at that time, especially capitalism the target of abolishment by anarchists in a non Violent way possible."

"Einstein, the world-renowned scientist, was also publicly committed to radical political views. Despite the vast literature on Einstein, this book is the first comprehensive study of his politics, covering his opinions and campaigns on pacifism, Zionism, control of nuclear weapons, world government, and freedom over his whole career. Most studies look at Einstein in isolation, but here he is viewed alongside a liberal international of global intellectuals, including Gandhi, Albert Schweitzer, Bertrand Russell, H. G. Wells, George Bernard Shaw, Romain Rolland, Thomas Mann, and John Dewey. Frequently called upon to join campaigns on great issues of war, peace, and social values, they all knew or corresponded with Einstein. The book is concerned with how Einstein and comparable intellectuals sought to exert a salutary moral influence, as Einstein put it in a letter to Freud, which in practice amounted to a non-political form of politics. Close attention is given to the unique qualities Einstein brought to his interventions in political debate and in particular to the struggles he experienced in retaining control of his message. His influence derived in the first instance from his celebrity status as the scientist of genius. Einsteins complex and enigmatic personality, which combined intense devotion to privacy and a capacity to perform on the public stage, also contributed to the Einstein myth. Studying Einsteins politics takes us not only into the mind of Einstein but also to the heart of the great public issues of the twentieth century."

"Dalam tatanan dunia yang anarki, negara adalah aktor rasional yang berusaha untuk mempertahankan keberlangsungan dan eksistensi negaranya. Namun, terdapat sebuah anomali, sebuah negara dengan sengaja menolak mengembangkan kekuatan militer yang dapat melindungi dan mempertahankan negaranya. Jepang mengesahkan Pasal 9 dalam konstitusinya pada tahun 1947. Pasal tersebut menolak perang dan menolak hak untuk mengembangkan kekuatan militer atau segala sesuatu yang dapat memicu perang, menjadikan Jepang sebagai sebuah negara pasifis. Melihat anomali tersebut, tulisan ini hendak meninjau bagaimana perkembangan perdebatan dari Pasal 9 dan melihat konteks serta implikasi yang dihasilkan dari perkembangan pasal tersebut.Tinjauan literatur ini dibuat menggunakan metode kronologis dengan meninjau sebanyak 47 literatur akademik. Literatur yang terkumpul dikategorisasikan menjadi tiga tema besar, yang meliputi: (1) perkembangan perdebatan Pasal 9 Konstitusi Jepang, (2) respons terhadap Pasal 9, dan (3) implikasi yang dihasilkan dari Pasal 9. Dalam ketiga tema besar tersebut, penulis mengelompokkan literatur berdasarkan periode waktu (Perang Dingin, Pasca Perang Dingin, dan Pasca 9/11), konteks internal dan eksternal, serta klasifikasi dampak secara teoritik. Penulis menemukan bahwa Pasal 9 dan nilai-nilainya bergeser, yang disebabkan oleh tekanan struktural dan perubahan kondisi domestik. Akan tetapi, Pasal 9 sendiri tidak berubah, melainkan diinterpretasi ulang secara berbeda.

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Based on the anarchy world order, the state is a rational actor whose sole purpose is to maintain the survival and existence of the nation. Still, there is a state that renounced military power and the nation's right of belligerency knowing it could jeopardize its own survival ability, an anomaly amongst others. In 1947, Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution came into effect, renouncing war and the use of force as means of settling disputes. Thus, making Japan a pacifist state. The author considers that the abnormal situation of Japan is still happening but slowly shifting towards a different direction. Therefore, this literature review aims to look over the debate development of the Article 9 of the Constitution of Japan and how it affects the nation: to understand the internal and external contexts that exist upon the evolution. This literature review utilizes the chronology method to review 47 accredited academic writings, which are categorized into three major themes: (1) the debate development of Article 9, (2) the response to the development of the article, and (3) the implications caused by the article development. The three major themes are also detailed in timestamps, internal and external context, and theoretical classification of the implications. This literature review finds that Article 9 and its values are shifting, prompted by the changing international environment and internal affairs. However, Article 9 itself has never been changed or replaced. In reality, the shift happened because of the reinterpretation of the Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution."