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"Mannan is an oligo-saccharide that was used for human health as a prebiotic food and is producedfrom hydrolysis of palm kernel cake, coconut seed copra and coke waste. Domestically, palm kernelcake and copra utilized for low efficiency metabolized animal feed A t this moment, via glico-science andtechnology route, these farming waste using mannanase could be degraded to produce functional oligosaccharide such as mannose and manno-oligosaccharide. Around 20-40% of palm kernel cake fibrousfrom CPO waste consist beta-mannan. In the beginning, palm kernel cake fibrous qualitative andquantitative analysis and mannan preparation was done for the next enzymatic processing (fermentationstep). Optimum condition of palm kernel cake residue hydrolysis was 110°C used heating process till 1_5hour and 2% mass acid catalyst of 150 g/L, palm kernel cake residue solution. Here, hydrolysis 150 g/Lsubstrate solution at 90" C used heating process till 1.5 hour produced 19.1% mass mannan. Hydrolisisusing Streptomyces and Saccharopolyspora (strains from B TCC) resulted that both isolates have apotential to produce mannanase and this raw enzyme qualitativlyt capable to hydrolysis palm kernel cakefor producing oligo-saccharides. Both isolates produced mannanase which higher specific activity after24 hour inoculation of palm kernel cake residue solution."

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menumbuhkan R. azygosporus UICC 539 melalui still-culture fermentation, dan pada campuran lumpur sawit dan bungkil sawit (3:1) tidak steril melalui Solid-State Fermentation (SSF) pada suhu 30^oC dan 40^oC, pembuatan formula R. azygosporus UICC 539 dengan limbah campuran tidak steril sebagai substrat pembawa, analisis kandungan nutrien pada formula, dan mengetahui viabilitas kapang tersebut pada formula setelah pengeringan 60^oC. Perlakuan adalah SSF campuran limbah kelapa sawit tidak steril selama 5 hari oleh biomassa basah R. azygosporus UICC 539 dari Potato Sucrose Broth (PSB). Kontrol adalah campuran lumpur sawit dan bungkil sawit (3:1) tidak steril. Pengeringan campuran limbah terfermentasi pada suhu 60^oC selama 5 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pertumbuhan R. azygosporus UICC 539 selama still-culture fermentation, dan pada campuran limbah tidak steril selama SSF pada suhu terpilih, yaitu 30^oC dan 40^oC. Terdapat pertumbuhan koloni fungi dan bakteri lokal pada campuran limbah tidak steril selama SSF. Jumlah sel R. azygosporus UICC 539 pada campuran limbah menurun setelah pengeringan. Formula dari SSF di suhu 30^oC menunjukkan peningkatan hanya pada kandungan karbohidrat, sedangkan formula dari SSF di suhu 40^oC menunjukkan peningkatan kandungan karbohidrat dan total kalori. Formula 30^oC dan 40^oC menunjukkan penurunan kandungan protein, kadar air, kadar abu, lemak total, energi dari lemak.

 

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This study aims to grow R. azygosporus UICC 539 through still-culture fermentation, and on non-sterile slurry and palm kernel cake mixtures (3:1) through Solid-State Fermentation (SSF) at 30^oC and 40^oC, formulation of R. azygosporus UICC 539 using the palm waste mixture as carrier, analysis of nutrient content of the formula, and viability of R. azygosporus UICC 539 in the formula after the drying process. SSF of palm waste mixtures by wet biomass of R. azygosporus UICC 539 in PSB served as treatment, and non-sterile slurry and palm kernel cake mixtures (3: 1) served as control. The fermented waste mixtures were dried at 60^oC for 5 days. The results showed that R. azygosporus UICC 539 showed growth during still-culture fermentation, and on non-sterile palm waste mixtures during SSF at selected temperatures, 30^oC and 40^oC. There were presence of colonies of local fungi and bacteria in the mixtures during SSF. The number of R. azygosporus UICC 539 cells were decreased after the drying process. Formulation prepared at 30^oC showed an increase only at carbohydrate content, while formulation prepared at 40^oC showed an increase of carbohydrate content and total calories. Both formulas showed a decrease of protein content, water content, ash content, total fat, and energy from fat.

 

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"Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji kemampuan tiga strain R. delemar UICC 27, UICC 67 dan UICC 121 dalam memfermentasi campuran lumpur dan bungkil sawit 3:1 dan 4:1 nonsteril serta 3:1 dan 4:1 steril, selanjutnya menganalisis perubahan komposisi karbohidrat, protein, lemak, dan abu campuran limbah sebelum dan setelah fermentasi. Data pendukung meliputi pengamatan morfologi, penghitungan jumlah sel/mL, kepadatan miselium, sporulasi; serta pengamatan campuran lumpur dan bungkil sawit meliputi warna, aroma, pH dan kekompakan. Kemampuan fermentasi ditandai dengan pertumbuhan ketiga strain R. delemar pada campuran limbah. Rhizopus delemar UICC 27, UICC 67 dan UICC 121, menunjukkan tidak ada pertumbuhan pada campuran lumpur:bungkil sawit 3:1 dan 4:1 nonsteril. Rhizopus delemar UICC 27, UICC 67 dan UICC 121, menunjukkan ada pertumbuhan pada campuran lumpur:bungkil sawit 3:1 dan 4:1 steril. Konsentrasi inokulum sebesar 10 v/b , dengan jumlah sel awal sebanyak 1x107 CFU/mL digunakan dalam campuran dengan berat total 20 g. Hasil enumerasi menunjukkan bahwa terjadi pertumbuhan tiga strain R. delemar pada campuran lumpur dan bungkil 3:1 steril, dan ditunjukkan dengan peningkatan jumlah sel. Pertumbuhan tercepat dan peningkatan jumlah sel terbanyak ditunjukkan oleh R. delemar UICC 67 menjadi 5,5x108CFU/mL, selanjutnya strain UICC 121 menjadi 3,8x108CFU/mL dan UICC 27 menjadi 3,8x108CFU/mL. UICC 67 dipilih sebagai strain potensial untuk memfermentasi campuran limbah dan bungkil sawit 3:1 nonsteril dan steril. Hasil analisis menunjukkan R. delemar UICC 67 mampu mengubah komposisi campuran limbah setelah lima hari fermentasi. Rhizopus delemar strain UICC 67 mampu meningkatkan kandungan karbohidrat dan protein pada campuran limbah steril sebanyak 21,70 dan 30,76 secara berturut-turut, serta menurunkan kandungan lemak total dan kadar abu sebanyak 46,11 dan 15,26 secara berturut-turut.

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This study was to test the ability of the three strains of R. delemar UICC 27, UICC 67 and UICC 121 fermenting a mixture of slurry and palm kernel cake 3:1 dan 4:1 nonsterile and 3:1 dan 4:1 sterile, also analyzing the composition carbohydrates, protein, lipid, and ash of mixtures of slurry and palm kernel cake before and after fermentation. Supporting data includes morphological observation, counting the number of cell, the density of mycelia, sporulation and also observation of the substrate before and after fermentation include color, aroma, pH and compactness. Fermentation ability indicated by the growth of the three strains of R. delemar in the waste mixture. Rhizopus delemar UICC 27, UICC 67 and UICC 121 showed no growth in mixture of slurry and palm kernel cake 3:1 and 4:1 nonsterile. Rhizopus delemar UICC 27, UICC 67 and UICC 121 showed growth in mixture of slurry and palm kernel cake 3:1 and 4:1 sterile. Inoculum concentration of 10 v/w of the total weight from the mixtures as much as 20 g with initial cell number 1x107 CFU mL. The results showed, there are growth of the three strains of R. delemar in the waste mixture with the increased number of cells. The fastest growth and the highest number of cells showed by UICC 67 became 5,5x107 CFU mL. Second, by UICC 27 became 3,8x107 CFU mL, and then by UICC 121 became 3,8x107 CFU mL. Strain R. delemar UICC 67 selected as a potential strain to ferment the mixtures of slurry palm kernel cake 3:1 nonsterile and sterile. The results of the analysis of slurry palm kernel cake 3:1 sterile showed increased in carbohydrate and protein content by 21,70 and 30,76 respectively, and decreased lipid and ash content by 46,11 and 15,26 respectively."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan Rhizopus azygosporus UICC 539 di medium Potato Sucrose Agar (PSA) pada suhu 51°C, 52°C, 53°C, 54°C, 55°C, mengetahui kemampuan R. azygosporus UICC 539 untuk memfermentasi campuran lumpur dan bungkil sawit (3:1) steril pada suhu 30C dan 40C dengan Solid-State Fermentation (SSF), dan analisis komposisi campuran lumpur dan bungkil sawit (3:1) steril setelah pertumbuhan R. azygosporus UICC 539. Persiapan inokulum dengan menumbuhkan kapang dalam Potato Sucrose Broth (PSB) secara fermentasi pada suhu 30C dan 40C selama 5 hari. Inokulum (10%, v/v) ditambahkan ke dalam campuran lumpur sawit dan bungkil sawit (3:1) dalam cawan Petri (diameter 9 cm) pada 30C dan 40C selama 5 hari. Analisis nutrien pada fermentasi campuran lumpur dan bungkil sawit berdasarkan Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI-01-2891-1992). Parameter yang diuji yaitu, energi total, energi dari lemak, kadar air, kadar abu, lemak total, protein, dan karbohidrat total. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan R. azygosporus UICC 539 tidak tumbuh pada PSA di suhu 51, 52, 53, 54, 55C. Strain tersebut dapat memfermentasi campuran lumpur dan bungkil sawit (3:1) steril pada suhu 30°C dan 40°C dengan SSF. Pertumbuhan R. azygosporus UICC 539 pada campuran limbah menunjukkan peningkatan kadar air dan abu, penurunan kadar protein, total kalori dan kandungan karbohidrat. Tidak ada perubahan kalori dari lemak dan kadar lemak total dibandingkan dengan kontrol.

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This study aims to determine the growth temperature of Rhizopus azygosporus UICC 539 in Potato Sucrose Agar (PSA) at 51°C, 52°C, 53°C, 54°C, 55°C, to determine the ability of R. azygosporus UICC 539 to ferment mixture of slurry and palm kernel cake (3:1) sterile at 30°C and 40°C with Solid-State Fermentation (SSF), and analysis of the composition of a mixture of sterile slurry and palm kernel cake (3:1) after the growth of R. azygosporus UICC 539. Inoculum preparation by growing the mold in Potato Sucrose Broth (PSB) by fermentation at 30°C and 40°C for 5 days. Inocula (10%, v/v) were added to the mixture of slurry and palm kernel cake (3:1) in Petri dishes (9 cm diameter) at 30°C and 40°C for 5 days. Nutrient analysis in the mixed fermentation of slurry and palm kernel cake was carried out based on the Indonesian National Standard (SNI-01-2891-1992). The parameters tested were total energy, energy from fat, moisture content, ash content, total fat, protein, and total carbohydrates. The results showed that R. azygosporus UICC 539 did not grow on PSA at 51, 52, 53, 54, 55C. The strain could ferment a mixture of slurry and palm kernel cake (3:1) sterile at 30°C and 40°C with SSF. The growth of R. azygosporus UICC 539 in the waste mixture showed an increase in water and ash content, a decrease in protein content, total calories and carbohydrate content. There were no changes in calories from fat and total fat content compared to controls."