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"Phlebitis merupakan inflamasi vena yang disebabkan oleh bakteri, iritasi kimia maupun mekanik, kejadian phlebitis di RSPG Cisarua Bogor merupakan angka infeksi rumah sakit yang tertinggi selama tahun 2015 yaitu sebesar 18,5%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian phlebitis pada pasien rawat inap di RSPG Cisarua Bogor tahun 2015. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain case control, sampel penelitian 100 kelompok kasus dan 200 kelompok kontrol, lokasi penelitian di RSPG Cisarua Bogor. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian phlebitis di RSPG Cisarua Bogor tahun 2015 adalah usia (P value 0,001; OR 12,86; 95% CI 1,7-98,2), status gizi (P value 0,001; OR 0,4; 95% CI 0,2-0,7), lama hari rawat (P value 0,001; OR 2,24; 95% CI 1,36-3,70), dan proses masuk rawat (P value 0,052; OR 0,43; 95% CI 0,19-0,95). Dengan demikian diharapkan perawat diberikan pelatihan khusus untuk dapat melakukan perawatan lebih baik dalam pemasangan dan pemeliharan intravena line (IVL) terutama pada pasienpasien yang berisiko tersebut.

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Phlebitis is an inflammation of a vein caused by bacteria, chemical or mechanical irritants, the incidence of phlebitis in RSPG Cisarua Bogor a hospital infection rates are highest during the year 2015 with numbers cumulatif incidence of 18.5%. This study aims to determine the distribution and factors related to the incidence of phlebitis in patients hospitalized in RSPG Cisarua Bogor in 2015. This study used case control design, sample 100 in the case group and 200 in the control group, with research sites in RSPG Cisarua Bogor.

The results of this study indicate that factors that influence the incidence of phlebitis in RSPG Cisarua Bogor in 2015 were age (P value 0.001; OR 12.86; 95% CI 1.7 to 98.2), nutritional status (P value 0.001; OR 0.4; 95% CI 0.2 to 0.7), length of stay (P value 0.001; OR 2.24; 95% CI 1.36 to 3.70), and the process of admission (P value 0.052 ; OR 0.43; 95% CI 0.19 to 0.95). Nurses are expected to be given specialized training to be able to do better care in the installation and maintenance of intra venous line (IVL), especially in patients who are at risk."

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Pemasangan infus perifer merupakan tindakan yang dapat menimbulkan risiko komplikasi pada bayi berat lahir rendah (BBLR). Angka kejadian flebitis pada BBLR memiliki presentase yang variatif. Penelitian ini untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor risiko terhadap kejadian flebitis pada BBLR diperinatologi.  Desain penelitian ini cross sectional dengan melibatkan 126 BBLR yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Pemilihan sampel dengan tekhnik consecutive sampling. Pengambilan data dilakukan sejak BBLR mulai terpasang infus sampai infus dilepas dengan alasan tertentu. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah skala flebitis INS dan skala nyeri neonatus (NIPS). Variabel yang berhubungan dengan kejadian flebitis dengan analisis bivariat adalah pengalaman klinis pemasang infus < 2 tahun (0,01), penggunaan pompa infus (p=0.0198), lokasi pemasangan infus (p=0,019), berat badan lahir neonatus (p=0.025) dan pemberian total parenteral nutrition (p=0.01). Faktor risiko yang paling berhubungan dengan kejadian flebitis berdasarkan analisis multivariat adalah pengalaman petugas pemasang infus < 2 tahun  (OR=26,006). sehingga dapat dijadikan pertimbangan untuk meningkatkan kualitas perawat pemberi layanan di area perinatologi.

 

Kata Kunci: Infus perifer, BBLR, flebitis

 

 

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Installation of peripheral infusion is an action that can cause a risk of complications in low birth weight babies (LBW). The incidence of phlebitis in LBW has a varied percentage. This study was to analyze risk factors for the incidence of phlebitis in LBW in clinical settings. The study design was cross sectional involving 126 LBW who met the inclusion criteria. Selection of samples by consecutive sampling technique. Data collection was carried out since the LBW started to infuse until the infusion was released for certain reasons. The instruments used were the scale of INS phlebitis and neonatal pain scale (NIPS). The variables associated with the incidence of phlebitis with bivariate analysis is clinical infusion installer <2 years (0.01), use of infusion pumps (p = 0.0198), location of infusion (p = 0.019), neonatal birth weight (p = 0.025) and total parenteral nutrition (p = 0.01). The risk factor most associated with the incidence of phlebitis based on multivariate analysis is the experience of infusion supervisors <2 years (OR = 26,006). so that it can be taken into consideration to improve the quality of care providers in the area of perinatology.

 

 

 

 

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"Plebitis adalah salah satu komplikasi terapi infus. Salah satu faktor penyebab plebitis adalah kurang terampilnya perawat saat melakukan pemasangan infus. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan perawat tentang terapi infus dengan kejadian plebitis dan kenyamanan. Jenis penelitian analitic-corelational dengan pendekatan cross-sectional, dengan jumlah sampel 65 perawat pelaksana rawat inap dan 65 pasien yang dipasang infus. Hasil menunjukkan 50,8% perawat memiliki pengetahuan kurang baik, angka kejadian plebitis sebesar 40%, dan 53,8% merasa nyaman dengan pemasangan infus. Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan perawat tentang terapi infus dengan kejadian plebitis (p= 0,000; α= 0,05), dan dengan kenyamanan (p= 0,000; α= 0,05). Direkomendasikan untuk perawat agar meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan pemasangan infus sehingga komplikasi dan ketidaknyamanan akibat pemasangan infus dapat dikurangi.Nursing?s Knowledge on Infusion Therapy Phlebitis is one of complications of infusion therapy Influence the Incidence of Phlebitis and Patients Comfort. The aspect that considered affecting the incidence of phlebitis and patient?s comfort is the nurses?skills on infusion therapy. This study aimed to determine the relationship between a nurse's knowledge on infusion therapy with the incidence of phlebitis and comfort. This was a correlation analytic with cross-sectional approach with the number of samples was 65 nurses who work in inpatients ward and 65 patients who received infusion. The results showed that 50.8% of respondents had have a poor knowledge, the incidence of phlebitis was 40%, and 53.8% felt of comfortable with the insertion of infusion canule. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between knowledge of nurses about infusion therapy with incidence of phlebitis (p= 0.000; α=0,05) and patients? comfort (p= 0.000, α=0.05). It is recommended that nurses have to improve knowledge and skills so that complications and discomfort caused by infusion might be prevented."

"Phlebitis merupakan komplikasi paling umum akibat pemasangan infus. Perawat berperan penting dalam pencegahan phlebitis akibat pemasangan infus. Namun, belum semua primary nurse menjalankan peran dan fungsinya dengan baik. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran dan fungsi primary nurse dalam pencegahan phlebitis di ruang rawat inap. Data didapatkan melalui wawancara, observasi dan telusur dokumen. Hasil wawancara menunjukkan bahwa primary nurse memiliki pengetahuan yang baik mengenai pencegahan phlebitis, tetapi data observasi menunjukkan bahwa terdapat ketidaksesuaian antara pendokumentasian VIP score dengan kondisi infus pasien. Hasil penelusuran regulasi ditemukan tidak adanya SPO monitoring iv line dengan menggunakan instrumen VIP score. Kurang optimalnya fungsi perencanaan pencegahan phlebitis menyebabkan kurang maksimalnya implementasi yang dilakukan dalam pencegahan infeksi. Peran informasional PN dalam monitoing risiko phlebitis berpengaruh terhadap kejadian infeksi pada area infus. Peningkatan peran dan fungsi PN sebagai manajer terdepat di ruang perawatan dalam pencegahan kejadian phlebitis pada pasien.

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Phlebitis is the most common complication of IV insertion. Nurses play an important role in the prevention of phlebitis due to infusion. However, not all primary nurses carry out their roles and functions properly. This study aims to analyze the role and function of primary nurses in the prevention of phlebitis in the inpatient room. Data were obtained through interviews, observations and document searches. The interview results showed that the primary nurse had good knowledge about phlebitis prevention, but observation data showed that there was a mismatch between VIP score documentation and the condition of the patient's infusion. The results of regulatory searches found the absence of SPO monitoring iv line using the VIP score instrument. The less than optimal function of phlebitis prevention planning leads to less than optimal implementation in infection prevention. The informational role of the PN in monitoing the risk of phlebitis affects the incidence of infection in the infusion area. Improving the role and function of PN as the fastest manager in the treatment room in preventing phlebitis in patients."

"The insertion of peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs) is common for treatment among hospitalized patients. However, this procedure usually fails before the end of therapy because of several complications, including phlebitis. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the incidence and associated factors of phlebitis among patients with PIVC. A prospective cohort study was conducted in one of the hospitals located in East Coast Malaysia. The presence of phlebitis was assessed using the visual infusion phlebitis score checklist. The patients were followed until PIVC removal. A total of 321 data were collected among patients who received a new PIVC in the medical, gynecology, and orthopedic wards. The incidence of phlebitis was 36.1% (n= 116), and 96.6% of which were grade II. Patients aged 60 years (51.5%), men (42.2%), no known phlebitis history (47.4%), and with chronic disease record (46.8%) were determined as the highest percentage with phlebitis. This study demonstrated that age, gender, and chronic diseases were risk factors of developing phlebitis."

"Plebitis adalah salah satu komplikasi terapi infus. Salah satu faktor penyebab plebitis dan ketidaknyamanan adalah kurang terampilnya perawat saat melakukan pemasangan infus terutama dalam memasang kateter sesuai lokasi, jenis cairan, dan standar prosedur yang tepat . Keterampilan perawat memasang infus dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan perawat tentang terapi infus dengan kejadian plebitis dan kenyamanan. Jenis penelitian analitic-corelational dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 65 perawat pelaksana rawat inap dan 65 pasien yang dipasang infus oleh perawat pelaksana rawat inap. Hasil penelitian diperoleh sebanyak 50.8% jumlah responden perawat memiliki pengetahuan kurang baik, angka kejadian plebitis sebesar 40%, dan sebanyak 53.8% responden pasien merasa nyaman dengan pemasangan infus yang dilakukan oleh perawat pelaksana. Hasil analisis lanjut menunjukkan ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan perawat tentang terapi infus dengan kejadian plebitis (p=0.000), dan ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan perawat tentang terapi infus dengan kenyamanan (p=0.000). Disarankan untuk perawat agar meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan pemasangan infus sehingga komplikasi dan ketidaknyamanan akibat pemasangan infus dapat dikurangi.

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Phlebitis is a complication of infusion therapy. The aspect that affecting the incidence of phlebitis and comfort is the nurse's skill of infusion therapy in inserting needle in the right location, right fluid, and right standard operating procedure. Nurses skills in the infusion insertion was influenced mainly by knowledge.

The research objective was to determine the relationship the nurse's knowledge of infusion therapy with the incidence phlebitis and comfort. This type of research-corelational analitic with cross-sectional approach. The number of samples was 65 nurses who work in inpatients ward and 65 patients who received infusion by a nurse.

The results found that 50.8% of respondents have a poor knowledge, the incidence of plebitis is 40%, and as much as 53.8% of respondents patients feel comfortable with the insertion of an infusion done by the nurse. The results of further analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between knowledge of nurses about infusion therapy with incidence of phlebitis (p = 0.000), and there is a significant association between knowledge of the nurse and patients comfort (p = 0.000).

It was recommended for nurses to improve knowledge and skills so that the infusion complications and discomfort may be prevented."

"Kemoterapi merupakan salah satu metode utama dalam penanganan kanker namun memiliki sifat vesican dan iritan yang memicu terjadinya flebitis. Respon kerusakan jaringan akibat flebitis ialah nyeri. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efektivitas pemberian minyak wijen terhadap intensitas nyeri flebitis pada pasien kanker yang menjalani kemoterapi. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain Randomized Controlled Trial. Jumlah sampel empat puluh orang yang terdiri dari 2 kelompok: kontrol dan intervensi. Analisis dengan Paired T test menunjukkan adanya perbedaan signifikan rata-rata skor intensitas nyeri sebelum dan setelah intervensi (p=0,001) dan hasil analisis Independent T test terdapat perbedaan signifikan rata-rata skor intensitas nyeri antara kelompok kontrol dan intervensi setelah intervensi (p=0,001). Berdasarkan hal tersebut direkomendasikan bahwa minyak wijen dapat digunakan untuk menurunkan intensitas nyeri pada pasien flebitis yang menjalani kemoterapi.

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Chemotherapy is one of the main methods in the treatment of cancer but has a vesicant and irritant that trigger of phlebitis. The response tissue damage due to of phlebitis is pain. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness administration of sesame oil to pain intensity of phlebitis in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. This study used a randomized controlled trial design. Forty samples were devided groups: control and intervention groups. This study analysed was Paired T test showed a significant mean difference pain intensity scores before and after intervention (p = 0.001) and the results showed that there was a significant difference between two groups (p = 0.001). These results recommended that sesame oil can be used to reduce phlebitis pain in patients undergoing chemotherapy."

"Hampir 100% anak yang dirawat di rumah sakit terpasang infus untuk mengatasi masalah ketidakseimbangan cairan dan elektrolit. Cairan dan elektrolit merupakan bagian konservasi energi yang dibutuhkan anak untuk mempertahankan fungsi tubuh secara utuh. Model Konservasi Levine berfokus pada peningkatan adaptasi melalui prinsip konservasi untuk mencapai keutuhan diri. Karya ilmiah ini membahas proses keperawatan terhadap lima orang anak yang terpasang infus. Salah satu tindakan konservasi energi untuk optimalisasi pemenuhan kebutuhan cairan dan elektrolit anak adalah deteksi dini plebitis menggunakan skala Infusion Nurse Society dengan pendekatan model konservasi Levine. Hasil evaluasi kelima kasus yang mengalami masalah cairan dan elektrolit menunjukkan 4 kasus masalah teratasi dan satu kasus belum teratasi karena klien mengalami perburukan saat hendak pulang. Deteksi dini plebitis turut berperan penting mempertahankan kelancaran akses intravena untuk terapi cairan dan elektrolit.

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Almost 100% of children admitted who inserted infusion to overcome the problem of fluid and electrolyte imbalance. Fluid and electrolyte are part of children energy conservation need to adapt to maintain the body functions as a whole. Levine?s conservation model focuses on improving adaptation through conservation principles to achieve wholeness. One of energy conservation intervention to optimize of Children?s Fluid and Electrolyte Fulfillment through Early Detection using Infusion Nurse Society Phlebitis Scale with Levine?s Conservation Model Approach. This paper discusses the nursing process to the five children who inserted infusion. The results of the evaluation of the five cases that have problems of fluid and electrolyte showed 4 cases the problem is resolved and the case is not resolved because the client experience worsening when going home. Early detection of phlebitis has an important role in maintaining intravenous access for fluid and electrolyte therapy."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas pemberian kompres normal salin, air hangat, dan alkohol terhadap derajat flebitis pada anak yang dilakukan pemasangan infus di Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian quasi eksperimen dengan menggunakan pendekatan the reversed-treatment nonequivalent control group design with pretest and posttest. Hasil penelitian membuktikan terdapat pengaruh kompres normal salin, air hangat dan alkohol terhadap penurunan derajat flebitis, akan tetapi tidak terdapat perbedaan rerata derajat flebitis diantara ketiga jenis kompres dan tidak terdapat pengaruh karakteristik anak terhadap derajat flebitis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian direkomendasikan bahwa kompres normal salin, air hangat, dan alkohol dapat digunakan untuk menurunkan derajat flebitis.

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The purpose of this comparative study is to identify the effectivity of compress of normal saline, warm water, and alcohol over phlebitis grading scale of children on infusion at Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital of Bandung. The design of this research was quasi experiment with the reversed-treatment nonequivalent control group design with pretest and posttest.

The result indicated that compress of normal saline, warm water, and alcohol have influences on the decrease of phlebitis grading scale, yet there was no mean difference between the compresses, and the child?s characteristic has no contribution to decrease the phlebitis grading scale. The research suggested that compress of normal salin, warm water, and alcohol can be used to decrease phlebitis grade scale."