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"Pneumonia masih menjadi salah satu penyebab terbesar kematian anak di dunia. Salah satu masalah khas yang muncul pada pneumonia adalah ketidakefektifan bersihan jalan napas karena produksi sekret berlebih yang tertahan dan menghalangi jalan napas. Kondisi ini dapat menganggu kemampuan oksigenasi dan ventilasi pasien terutama pada pasien anak yang belum mampu untuk batuk efektif, sehingga dibutuhkan tindakan khusus untuk mengeluarkan sekret tersebut. Karya ilmiah itu bertujuan untuk menganalisis keefektifan pemberian intervensi keperawatan postural drainage pada anak dengan pneumonia. Pasien adalah Anak Z berjenis kelamin laki-laki dan berusia 1 tahun 4 bulan. Pasien masuk dengan keluhan sesak napas memberat disertai suara napas tambahan. Hasil yang didapatkan berupa pada anak pneumonia yang diberikan intervensi postural drainage perbaikan status pernapasannya lebih baik daripada anak yang tidak dilakukan intervensi keperawatan postural drainage. Salah satu indikasi status perubahan pada anak terdiri dari frekuensi napas dalam rentang normal (kurang dari 40x/menit), tidak ada retraksi dinding dada, tidak ada pernapasan cuping hidung, serta suara napas normal (vesikuler). Hal ini didukung dengan hasil rontgen toraks yang menunjukkan tidak ada infiltrasi pada lapang paru. Hasil karya ilmiah ini diharapkan dapat menjadi informasi bagi tenaga kesehatan untuk menerapkan postural drainage pada lahan praktik rumah sakit dalam meningkatkan bersihan jalan napas pada anak dengan pneumonia.

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Pneumonia is still one of the biggest causes of child death in the world. One typical problem that arises in pneumonia is the ineffectiveness of airway clearance due to excessive secretion of the retained and obstructing the airway. This condition will disrupt the ability of oxygenation and ventilation of patients, especially in pediatric patients who have not been able to cough effectively. Special measures are needed to remove the secretion The action that can be done is postural drainage. The scientific work aims to analyze the effectiveness of providing postural drainage nursing interventions in children with pneumonia. Patients are An. Z, 1 year 4 months old. The patient comes to the hospital with heavy breathing difficulties with additional breath sounds.

The results obtained in the form of pneumonia children who were given postural drainage interventions improved respiratory status better than children who did not do postural drainage nursing interventions. One indication of status changes in children consists of breathing frequency in the normal range (less than 40x / min), no retraction of the chest wall, no nasal lobe breathing, and normal (vesicular) breathing sounds. This is supported by the results of chest X-rays that are showed no infiltration in the lung fields. The results of this scientific work are expected to be used as information on health workers to effectively implement postural drainage in hospital practice areas to improve airway clearance in children with pneumonia."

"ABSTRAK Kasus HIV/AIDS dan tuberkulosis banyak diderita masyarakat perkotaan.Penyakit pada masyarakat perkotaan berkaitan dengan karakteristik lingkungandan gaya hidup masyarakat perkotaan. Kasus HIV biasanya disertai denganberbagai infeksi oportunistik. Infeksi opportunistik yang paling banyak ditemukanadalah tuberkulosis, diikuti dengan kandidiasis oral, dan diare. Masalahkeperawatan utama pada pasien dengan tuberkulosis adalah ketidakefektifanbersihan jalan napas berhubungan dengan retensi sputum. Penulisan karya ilmiahakhir ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis intervensi mandiri keperawatan berupakombinasi antara anjuran minum air putih hangat, postural drainase, dan batukefektif untuk mengatasi masalah bersihan jalan napas tidak efektif. Intervensidilakukan pada pasien HIV/AIDS dengan tuberculosis di ruang rawat penyakitdalam RSCM. Hasil dan evaluasi dari intervensi yang dilakukan yaituberkurangnya penumpukan sputum pada jalan napas pasien, sehingga pasien tidakmerasakan sesak seperti sebelumnya dan bisa bernapas lebih lega. Perawatdiharapkan dapat melakukan intervensi mandiri keperawatan berupa kombinasiantara anjuran minum air putih hangat, postural drainase, dan batuk efektiftersebut untuk membantu memperbaiki status pernapasan pasien.ABSTRACT Cases of HIV / AIDS and tuberculosis affects many urban communities. Diseases

in urban communities are related to environment and lifestyle characteristics of

urban communities. HIV cases are usually accompanied by a variety of

opportunistic infections. The most common opportunistic infections is

tuberculosis, followed by oral candidiasis and diarrhea. The main nursing

problems in patients with tuberculosis is the ineffectiveness of airway clearance

related to the retention of sputum. This final scientific thesis aims to analyze the

independent nursing intervention in the form of a combination of the

recommendation to drink warm water, postural drainage, and cough effectively to

address the problem of ineffective airway clearance. The intervention was

conducted in HIV/AIDS patient with tuberculosis in medical ward RSCM. The

result of interventions was reduced sputum buildup in the airway of the patient, so

the patient did not feel crowded as before and could breathe more easily. Nurses

are expected to conduct independent nursing interventions in the form of a

combination of the recommendation to drink warm water, postural drainage and

effective coughing to help improve patient's respiratory status. ;Cases of HIV / AIDS and tuberculosis affects many urban communities. Diseases

in urban communities are related to environment and lifestyle characteristics of

urban communities. HIV cases are usually accompanied by a variety of

opportunistic infections. The most common opportunistic infections is

tuberculosis, followed by oral candidiasis and diarrhea. The main nursing

problems in patients with tuberculosis is the ineffectiveness of airway clearance

related to the retention of sputum. This final scientific thesis aims to analyze the

independent nursing intervention in the form of a combination of the

recommendation to drink warm water, postural drainage, and cough effectively to

address the problem of ineffective airway clearance. The intervention was

conducted in HIV/AIDS patient with tuberculosis in medical ward RSCM. The

result of interventions was reduced sputum buildup in the airway of the patient, so

the patient did not feel crowded as before and could breathe more easily. Nurses

are expected to conduct independent nursing interventions in the form of a

combination of the recommendation to drink warm water, postural drainage and

effective coughing to help improve patient's respiratory status. ;Cases of HIV / AIDS and tuberculosis affects many urban communities. Diseases

in urban communities are related to environment and lifestyle characteristics of

urban communities. HIV cases are usually accompanied by a variety of

opportunistic infections. The most common opportunistic infections is

tuberculosis, followed by oral candidiasis and diarrhea. The main nursing

problems in patients with tuberculosis is the ineffectiveness of airway clearance

related to the retention of sputum. This final scientific thesis aims to analyze the

independent nursing intervention in the form of a combination of the

recommendation to drink warm water, postural drainage, and cough effectively to

address the problem of ineffective airway clearance. The intervention was

conducted in HIV/AIDS patient with tuberculosis in medical ward RSCM. The

result of interventions was reduced sputum buildup in the airway of the patient, so

the patient did not feel crowded as before and could breathe more easily. Nurses

are expected to conduct independent nursing interventions in the form of a

combination of the recommendation to drink warm water, postural drainage and

effective coughing to help improve patient's respiratory status. "