Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Prevalensi hipertensi di Indonesia terus meningkat dari 21,2 pada tahun 2010 menjadi23,3 pada tahun 2014. Hipertensi dapat menyebabkan penyakit jantung koroner, stroke,dan kematian jika tidak terdeteksi dini dan diobati secara tepat. Antihipertensi yangefektif dalam menurunan tekanan darah dan mengurangi resiko kejadian penyakit jantungkoroner adalah Valsartan dan Amlodipine. Biaya pengobatan selalu menjadi penghalanguntuk pengobatan yang efektif. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan kendali mutu dan kendalibiaya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis evaluasi ekonomi dengan mengetahuigambaran biaya dan outcome dari penggunaan Valsartan dan Amlodipine selama tigabulan pengobatan pada pasien hipertensi primer dengan tekanan darah stage I. Penelitianini bersifat observasional dengan teknik pengambilan data secara retrospektif pada tahun2016. Outcome berupa rata-rata penurunan tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik, proporsitekanan darah terkontrol, dan proporsi tekanan darah tidak terkontrol. Biaya yang diambildari perspektif pasien yang berupa biaya langsung medis. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa biaya penggunaan Amlodipine lebih rendah Rp 872.666,02 dibandingkanValsartan Rp 1.064.621,00. Rata-rata penurunan tekanan darah pada penggunaanAmlodipine sebesar 16,33 / 7,88 mmHg, sedangkan pada Valsartan sebesar 14,05 / 5,00mmHg. Proporsi tekanan drah terkontrol pada Amlodipine sebesar 80 , dengan proporsikejadian penyakit jantung coroner sebesar 27,5. Sedangkan proporsi tekanan darahterkontrol pada Valsartan 60 , dengan proporsi kejadian penyakit jantung koronersebesar 72,5. Pada diagram efektivitas biaya, Amlodipine terletak pada kuadran II danValsartan pada kuadran IV. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa, Amlodipine dominanterhadap Valsartan karena membutuhkan biaya yang lebih rendah dan menghasilkanoutcome yang lebih baik.

---

Background: The prevalence of hypertension in Indonesia continues to increase from21.2 in 2010 to 23.3 in 2014. Hypertension can lead to coronary heart disease, stroke,and death if not detected early and treated appropriately. Antihypertensives thateffectively reducing blood pressure and reducing the risk of coronary heart disease areValsartan and Amlodipine. Medical expenses have always been a barrier to effectivetreatment. Therefore, it is necessary to have quality control and cost control.

The aims ofthis study was to analyze economic evaluation and to know the costs and outcomes of useof Valsartan and Amlodipine during three months of treatment in primary hypertensionpatients with stage I blood pressure.

Methods: This study was observational study with retrospective data retrieval techniquein 2016. The outcome was the mean reduction of systolic and diastolic blood pressure,the proportion of controlled and uncontrolled blood pressure. Costs taken from thepatient 39 s perspective in the form of direct medical costs.

Results: The results obtained that the cost of using Amlodipine is lower Rp 872.666.02 than Valsartan Rp 1,064,621.00. The mean reduction of blood pressure of Amlodipinewas 16.33 7.88 mmHg, while Valsartan was 14.05 5.00 mmHg. Proportion ofcontrolled blood pressure of Amlodipine was 80 , with a proportion of coronary heartdisease events was 27.5. While the proportion of controlled blood pressure of Valsartanwas 60 , with the proportion of coronary heart disease events was 72.5. In the costeffectivenessdiagram, Amlodipine was in quadrant II and Valsartan was in quadrant IV.

Conclusion: Amlodipine is dominant against Valsartan because it requires lower cost andbetter outcome.Key words Primary Hypertension, Amlodipine, Valsartan, Economic Evaluation"

"Salah satu penyakit oportunis penyerta infeksi HIV/AIDS adalah hipertensi. Hipertensi umum ditemukan di populasi ODHA dengan prevalensi antara 15,6-46%.1-6 Namun, pada anak dengan infeksi perinatally-acquired HIV/AIDS, data prevalensi hipertensi masih sangat minim. Studi tahun 2016 pada 51 anak dengan infeksi HIV/AIDS menunjukkan proporsi hipertensi sebesar 37,3%.7 Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui proporsi dan hubungan infeksi perinatally-acquired HIV dengan hipertensi primer pada anak menggunakan desain studi analitik potong lintang dan data sekunder penelitian CHIC Study. Populasi penelitian ini adalah 89 anak partisipan CHIC Study berusia 0-18 tahun dengan status HIV positif (41 anak) dan non-HIV (48 anak). Hasil analisis multivariabel menggunakan analisis regresi logistik menunjukkan anak dengan infeksi HIV memiliki odds risiko 1,24 kali (95% CI: 0,024-65,002; nilai p 0,917) untuk mengalami hipertensi dibandingkan dengan anak non-HIV. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan ada hubungan antara infeksi HIV dengan hipertensi primer pada anak dengan infeksi HIV meskipun masih belum dapat dibuktikan validitas hubungan tersebut secara statistik dikarenakan jumlah sampel yang tidak mencukupi. Peneliti mengharapkan penelitian lanjutan dilakukan dengan desain studi yang lebih baik dan jumlah sampel yang mencukupi.

---

One of the opportunistic diseases that accompany HIV/AIDS infection is hypertension. Hypertension is common in people living with HIV/AIDS populations with a prevalence of 15.6-46% .1-6 However, in children with perinatally-acquired HIV/AIDS infection, hypertension prevalence data is still minimal. The 2016 study of 51 children with HIV/AIDS infection showed a proportion of hypertension of 37.3% .7 This study aimed to determine the proportion and relationship of perinatally-acquired HIV infection with primary hypertension in children using cross-sectional analytic study design and secondary data of CHIC Study. The population of this study were 89 children of CHIC Study participants aged 0-18 years with HIV positive status (41 children) and non-HIV (48 children). The results of a multivariable analysis using logistic regression analysis showed that children with HIV infection had a risk odds of 1.24 (95% CI: 0.024-65,002; p-value 0.917) for hypertension compared with non-HIV children. This study concludes that there is a relationship between HIV infection with primary hypertension in children with HIV infection although it’s validity of the relationship can not be proven statistically due to insufficient sample size. Researcher expects further research done with better study design and sufficient number of samples."

"LATAR BELAKANG: Hipertensi merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang turut berperan dalam peningkatan angka morbiditas dan mortalitas stroke, gagal jantung dan gagal ginjal. Morbiditas dan mortalitas hipertensi meningkat dengan makin banyaknya faktor risiko yang dimiliki, makin tinggi tekanan darah dan makin lama seseorang menderita hipertensi. Sampai saat ini mekanisme pasti terjadinya hipertensi belum jelas. Belakangan ini disfungsi endotel juga dikaitkan dengan hipertensi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan gambaran kadar sVCAM-1 dan MAU, membuktikan adanya hubungan antara kadar sVCAM-1 dan MAU, menganalisis pengaruh usia, gender, obesitas, terkendali tidaknya hipertensi, lama sakit dan kadar kolesterol terhadap kadar sVCAM-1 dan MAU pada penderita hipertensi primer.BAHAN DAN METOPE: Penelitian ini menggunakan 65 subyek non diabetik dengan kadar hs-CRP < 5 mgIL dan protein win < 3+. Dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar sVCAM-1, K-LDL, albumin dan kreatinin urin terhadap subyek dengan protein win negatif atau trace, sedangkan subyek dengan protein urin 1+ atau 2+ hanya dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar sVCAM-1 dan K LDL. Penetapan kadar sVCAM-1 berdasarkan prinsip quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay, penetapan kadar K-LDL berdasarkan prinsip enzimatik homogen, penetapan kadar albumin urin berdasarkan prinsip imunoturbidimetri, penetapan kreatinin urin berdasarkan metode kinetik Jaffe dan MAU dinyatakan dengan rasio albumin 1 kreatinin urin.HASIL: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proporsi kadar sVCAM-1 tinggi sebesar 81,5 % dan MAU 27,7 %. Kadar sVCAM-1 tinggi dan MAU lebih banyak dijumpai pada subyek tua, lelaki, hipertensi tak terkendali, lama sakit > 10 tahun dan obese. Dari hasil analisis multivariat derigail regresi rr ultipel, Adak didapatkan korelasi -yang bermakna antara kadar sVCAM-1 dengangender dan lama sakit namun didapatkan korelasi yang bermakna antara kadar sVCAM-1 dengan usia, MAP dan K-LDL. Hubungan tersebut dapat digambarkan melalui suatu persamaan yaitu kadar sVCAM-1 = 175 + 9,7 x usia (tahun) + 5,9 x MAP (mmHg) -- 2,9 x kadar K-LDL (rngldL) dengan nilai R2 adjusted sebesar 23,1 %. Tidak didapatkan korelasi yang bermakna antara MAU dengan usia, gender, MAP. 1MT, lama sakit dan K-LDL.Tidak didapatkan korelasi yang bermakna antara kadar sVCAM-1 dan rasio A 1 K.KESIMPULAN: Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini didapatkan proporsi kadar sVCAM-1 tinggi 81,5 % dan MAU 27,7 %. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pada penderita hipertensi primer telah terjadi disfungsi endotel. Dari analisis multivariat menunjukkan kadar sVCAM-1 berkorelasi dengan usia, MAP dan K-LDL, sedangkan MAU tidak berkorelasi dengan variabel tersebut. Kadar sVCAM-1 tidak berkorelasi dengan MAU.

---

Hypertension is a health problem which contributes in the increase morbidity and mortality of stroke, heart failure, and renal failure. The morbidity and mortality of hypertension were influenced by various risk factors, the height of blood pressure and the lenght of illness. The mechanism of hypertension up to now remains unclear. Recently, endothelial dysfunction has been associated with hypertension. The aims of this study were to obtain the level of sVCAM-1 and microalbuminuria (MAU) in primary hypertension, to analyse the relationship between sVCAM-1 level and MAU, to analyse the influences of age, gender, obesity, control of hypertension, length of illness, and the level of LDL cholesterol on sVCAM-1 level and MAU.

Sixty five non diabetic subjects with hs-CRP level < 5 mg/L and protein urine < 3 + were enrolled in this cross sectional study. The level of sVCAM-1 were performed on all subjects by ELISA using reagents from R&D system, while MAU was determined by calculated the albumin : creatinine ratio in the urine. The level of LDL cholesterol was performed by homogenous enzymatic assay.

The results indicated that the proportion of increase of sVCAM-1 level was 81.5% and MAU was 27.7% in primary hypertension. Increase of sVCAM-1 level and MAU were found more frequently in older subjects, male, uncontrolled hypertension, length of illness more than 10 years, and obese subject. The results of multivariate analysis with multiple regression showed that sVCAM-1 level significantly correlated with age, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and LDL cholesterol level, but did not correlate with gender, and length of illness. The relationship could be formulated as: sVCAM-1 level = 175 + 9.7 x age (years) + 5.9 x MAP ( mm Hg) -- 2.9 x LDL cholesterol level (mgldL) with R2 adjusted 23.1%. There were no correlation between MAU with age, gender, MAP, obesity, ienght of illness, and LDL cholesterol level. The level of sVCAM-1 did not correlate with albumin:creatinine urine ratio (MAU).

Based on high proportion of increased sVCAM-1 and MAU, it is concluded that endothelial dysfunction occur in primary hypertension. The level of sVCAM-1 significantly correlates with age, MAP, and LDL cholesterol level, while MAU does not correlate with these variables. There is no correlation between sVCAM-1 level and MAU."

"Kadar Zinc dan Cuprum pada Penderita Hipertensi Primer dan Normotensi. Salah satu pencetus hipertensi primer yaitu paparan radikal bebas. Pembentukan radikal bebas dalam tubuh dapat dicegah dengan antioksidan. Peran zinc dan cuprum adalah sebagai kofaktor dari enzim antioksidan endogen superoksida dismutase (SOD). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan kadar serum zinc dan cuprum pada kelompok hipertensi primer dan normotensif. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain cross sectional dan metode simple random sampling. Subjek adalah orang yang berusia 40-70 tahun, mengunjungi Rumah Sakit Haji Surabaya, dan terdiri dari 15 responden hipertensi primer dan 15 responden normotensif (kelompok pembanding). Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan uji laboratorium klinis sampel darah. Konsentrasi serum zinc dan cuprum diukur dengan metode AAS (Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom). Data dianalisis dengan chi-square dan independent T-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat rata-rata serum zinc dan cuprum responden pada kelompok hipertensi primer lebih rendah daripada kelompok normotensif. Namun, secara statistik tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan (p=0,852) kadar serum zinc antara kelompok hipertensi primer dan kelompok normotensi, tapi ada perbedaan yang signifikan pada kadar serum cuprum (p=0,022). Kesimpulannya adalah ada yang berbeda dari kadar serum cuprum antara dua kelompok sedangkan untuk kadar serum zinc tidak berbeda.;One of the causes of primary hypertension is an exposure to free radicals. The formation of free radicals in the body can be prevented by taking antioxidants. Zinc and copper are cofactors of endogenous antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase. This study aimed to analyze the differences of zinc and copper levels in primary hypertensive and normotensive patients. This was an analytical observational study with cross sectional design and simple random sampling method. Subjects were patients aged 40-70 years at Haji General Hospital consisting of 15 primary hypertensive patients and 15 normotensive individuals (comparison group). Data was collected through interviews and laboratory test of blood samples. Zinc and Copper serum concentrations were measured by AAS. Data were analyzed by chi-square and independent samples t-test. The results showed that the mean levels of zinc and copper in primary hypertensive patients was lower than normotensive. However, statistically there was no difference in zinc serum levels (p=0.852) in the two groups, and there was a significant difference in copper serum levels (p=0.032). It can be concluded that there were differences in copper serum levels between the two groups but not with the levels of zinc.

---

One of the causes of primary hypertension is an exposure to free radicals. The formation of free radicals in the body can be prevented by taking antioxidants. Zinc and copper are cofactors of endogenous antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase. This study aimed to analyze the differences of zinc and copper levels in primary hypertensive and normotensive patients. This was an analytical observational study with cross sectional design and simple random sampling method. Subjects were patients aged 40-70 years at Haji General Hospital consisting of 15 primary hypertensive patients and 15 normotensive individuals (comparison group). Data was collected through interviews and laboratory test of blood samples. Zinc and Copper serum concentrations were measured by AAS. Data were analyzed by chi-square and independent samples t-test. The results showed that the mean levels of zinc and copper in primary hypertensive patients was lower than normotensive. However, statistically there was no difference in zinc serum levels (p=0.852) in the two groups, and there was a significant difference in copper serum levels (p=0.032). It can be concluded that there were differences in copper serum levels between the two groups but not with the levels of zinc."

"One of the causes of primary hypertension is an exposure to free radicals. The formation of free radicals in the body canbe prevented by taking antioxidants. Zinc and copper are cofactors of endogenous antioxidant enzyme superoxidedismutase. This study aimed to analyze the differences of zinc and copper levels in primary hypertensive andnormotensive patients. This was an analytical observational study with cross sectional design and simple randomsampling method. Subjects were patients aged 40-70 years at Haji General Hospital consisting of 15 primaryhypertensive patients and 15 normotensive individuals (comparison group). Data was collected through interviews andlaboratory test of blood samples. Zinc and Copper serum concentrations were measured by AAS. Data were analyzedby chi-square and independent samples t-test. The results showed that the mean levels of zinc and copper in primaryhypertensive patients was lower than normotensive. However, statistically there was no difference in zinc serum levels(p=0.852) in the two groups, and there was a significant difference in copper serum levels (p=0.032). It can beconcluded that there were differences in copper serum levels between the two groups but not with the levels of zinc.Kadar Zinc dan Cuprum pada Penderita Hipertensi Primer dan Normotensi. Salah satu pencetus hipertensi primeryaitu paparan radikal bebas. Pembentukan radikal bebas dalam tubuh dapat dicegah dengan antioksidan. Peran zinc dancuprum adalah sebagai kofaktor dari enzim antioksidan endogen superoksida dismutase (SOD). Penelitian ini bertujuanuntuk menganalisis perbedaan kadar serum zinc dan cuprum pada kelompok hipertensi primer dan normotensif.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain cross sectional dan metode simple randomsampling. Subjek adalah orang yang berusia 40-70 tahun, mengunjungi Rumah Sakit Haji Surabaya, dan terdiri dari 15responden hipertensi primer dan 15 responden normotensif (kelompok pembanding). Data dikumpulkan melaluiwawancara dan uji laboratorium klinis sampel darah. Konsentrasi serum zinc dan cuprum diukur dengan metode AAS(Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom). Data dianalisis dengan chi-square dan independent T-test. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa tingkat rata-rata serum zinc dan cuprum responden pada kelompok hipertensi primer lebih rendahdaripada kelompok normotensif. Namun, secara statistik tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan (p=0,852) kadar serumzinc antara kelompok hipertensi primer dan kelompok normotensi, tapi ada perbedaan yang signifikan pada kadar serumcuprum (p=0,022). Kesimpulannya adalah ada yang berbeda dari kadar serum cuprum antara dua kelompok sedangkanuntuk kadar serum zinc tidak berbeda."

"Peningkatan prevalensi hipertensi primer menjadi penyebab timbulnya gagal jantung, jantung koroner, gagal ginjal, dan stroke. Penatalaksanaan hipertensi primer dapat dilakukan dengan terapi nonfarmakologis. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh terapi kombinasi slow deep breathing dan handgrip exercise terhadap perubahan tekanan darah pada klien hipertensi primer. Penelitian ini adalah quasi eksperimental dengan desain the nonrandomized control group pretest-posttest dengan jumlah keseluruhan responden 30 orang. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat perubahan yang signifikan tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik setelah dilakukan intervensi pada kelompok intervensi p value

---

Increased in the prevalence of primary hypertension causes of heart failure, coronary heart disease, kidney failure, and stroke. The management of primary hypertension should be include the non pharmacological therapy. The purpose of this study to identify the effect of combination therapy of slow deep breathing and handgrip exercise to reduce blood pressure in primary hypertension patients. The study design was a quasi experimental design with the nonrandomized control group pretest posttest design recruited 30 respondents. The results showed that there was significant changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure after intervention in the intervention group p value "

"ABSTRAKSlow deep breathing adalah tindakan non farmakologi pada pasien hipertensi primer yangdapat menurunkan tekanan darah dan tingkat kecemasan. Tujuan penelitian untukmengidentifikasi penurunan tekanan darah dan tingkat kecemasan pasien hipertensi primersetelah melakukan latihan slow deep breathing antara kelompok intervensi dan kelompokkontrol di Puskesmas Kepanjen Kidul dan Sukorejo Kota Blitar. Metodologi penelitian inimerupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain Quasi-Experimental Pretest-PosttestControl Group. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 56 responden, 28 responden menjadikelompok intervensi dan 28 responden menjadi kelompok kontrol. Pengambilan sampeldilakukan dengan cara purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaanpenurunan rata-rata tekanan darah sistolik sebesar 15,5 mmHg, perbedaan penurunan rataratatekanan darah diastolik sebesar 9,9 mmHg dan perbedaan penurunan rata-rata skortingkat kecemasan sebesar 3,2. Analisis lebih lanjut menunjukkan ada perbedaan penurunanyang signifikan rata-rata tekanan darah sistolik, tekanan darah diastolik dan tingkatkecemasan antara kelompok intervensi dengan kelompok kontrol (p = 0,000,
= 0,05).Penelitian ini menyimpulkan latihan slow deep breathing dapat menurunkan secarasignifikan tekanan darah dan tingkat kecemasan pasien hipertensi primer di PuskesmasKepanjen Kidul dan Sukorejo Kota Blitar. Latihan Slow deep breathing dalam pelayanankeperawatan dapat digunakan sebagai intervensi keperawatan mandiri dalam memberikanasuhan keperawatan pada pasien hipertensi primer. Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini adalahperlu dilakukan penelitian lanjutan dengan jumlah sampel yang lebih besar dan kondisipasien yang lebih kompleks serta melihat perubahan pada tanda-tanda vital yang lainseperti denyut nadi dan frekuensi pernafasan.

---

ABSTRACTSlow deep breathing is a non pharmacological intervention for patients with primaryhypertension. The intervention can reduce blood pressure and anxiety level. The purpose ofthis study was to identify the reduction of blood pressure and anxiety level of patients withprimary hypertension after slow deep breathing exercise between intervention and controlgroups at Puskesmas Kepanjen Kidul and Sukorejo Blitar. This research utilized a Quasi-Experimental Pre – post test Control Group design. There were 56 respondents participatedin the study, consisted of 28 subjects for each group; intervention and control groups usinga purposive sampling method. The result showed that there was a decrease of 9.9 mm Hg inthe average of systolic blood pressure and the anxiety level of 3.2 after the intervention.Further result demonstrated that there was a significant reduction of the average systolicand diastolic pressure, and anxiety level between intervention and control groups (p=0.00,
=0.05). The findings revealed that the slow deep breathing exercise decreased the bloodpressure and anxiety level in patients with primary hypertension at Kepanjen Kidul andSukorejo Blitar. Therefore, the slow deep breathing exercise could be applied as one of theindependent nursing therapies in nursing care of patients with primary hypertension.Anyhow, a further research with larger number of samples, involving more variables toexamine such as pulse and respiration rate, and also in patients with more complexcondition is recommended."