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Abstrak :
Karies gigi merupakan penyakit yang banyak menyerang anak-anak terutama kelompok usia 12 tahun; kelompok usia ini perlu mendapatkan perhatian khusus karena merupakan saat terjadinya transisi pergantian gigi susu ke gigi tetap. Hasil penelitian Evaluasi Program Usaha Kesehatan Gigi Sekolah untuk murid SD kelas 5 dan 6 di wilayah DKI Jakarta, prevalensi karies gigi cendrung meningkat dari 89.60% pada tahun 1988 menjadi 93.72% pada tahun 1996, namun demikian angka rata-rata anak yang mengalami karies gigi ( DMF-T) sedikit menurun dari 2.98 gigi menjadi 2.66 gigi. Dari kunjungan murid-murid SD ke Balai Pengobatan Gigi Puskesmas selama 3 tahun terakhir ini, proporsi karies gigi dan kelanjutannya tampaknya masih menduduki porsi tertinggi ( 75.88% - 78.75%) dibandingkan penyakit gigi dan mulut lainnya. Tujuan daripenelitian ini untuk memperoleh informasi tentang hubungan faktor-faktor dengan status karies gigi anak SD; jenis disain penelitian adalah 'Analyzed cross sectional'. Lokasi penelitian di 106 SD dari 112 SD yang ada di kecamatan Tanjung Priok. Sampel yang diteliti adalah murid SD kelas 6 yang diambil secara 'systematic random sampling" sehingga diperoleh sejumlah 443 anak. Data diperoleh dengan menggunakan kuesioner wawancara untuk factor-faktor demografi, pola konsumsi makanan anak sehari-hari ( food recall 3 kali) disertai kebiasaan sikat giginya; disamping itu juga dilakukan pemeriksaan gigi. Data kemudian diolah secara statistik mulai dari analisis univariat, bivariat sampai multivariat yaitu dengan multipel regresi linier dan multipel regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi karies gigi ( DMF-T) anak SD kelas 6 di kecamatan Tanjung Priok Jakarta Utara 70.9% dengan rata-rata angka pengalaman karies 1.657 ± 1.487 gigi per anak; dan komposisi 'decayed" sebesar 61.3% , ?missing? 4.5%, dan tilled' 5.1% . Hasil model akhir menunjukkan, bahwa terjadinya karies gigi ( DMF-T) 43.78% dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel-variabel independen sebagai. berikut yaitu OHI-S, frekuensi sikat gigi yang secara bersamaan harus diimbangi dengan ketepatan waktu sikat gigi, dan bentuk molar satu bawah yang secara bersamaan harus diimbangi dengan jumlah karbohidrat lekat. yang dimakan. Hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukkan . setiap penambahan 5 gram konsumsi karbohidrat lekat, kemungkinan akan meningkatkan karies gigi 3%. Juga ada interaksi frekuensi sikat gigi sikat gigi kurang dan- waktu sikat gigi tidak tepat dengan jumlah karbohidrat lekat yang dimakan; dimana dengan jumlah minimal karbohidrat lekat yang dimakan sebesar 8.85 gram per hari mempunyai resiko terjadinya karies gigi 2.08 kali; jumlah karbohidrat yang dimakan maksimal yaitu 98.10 gram temyata dapat meningkatkan resiko karies sebesar 235.40 kali. Dan ada hubungan sebab akibat antara bentuk molar satu bawah dengan terjadinya karies gigi, ini mungkin disebabkan karena gigi tersebut tumbuh lebih dahulu yaitu pada usia 6-7 tahun; pembentukan benih gigi dengan anatomi yang tidak normal sudah terjadi pada masa janin berusia 5 minggu dalam kandungan dan ada hubungannya dengan keturunan dan rasnya ; selain itu juga adanya pengaruh gravitasi sehingga sisa makanan lebih banyak mengumpul pada gigi rahang bawah tersebut. Disarankan program penyuluhan oleh team UKGS ditingkatkan yang isinya mengubah pola kebiasaan sikat gigi anak yaitu dari sebelum makan dan sambil mandi menjadi sesudah makan dan minimal sikat gigi dua kali yaitu sesudah makan pagi dan sebelum tidur malam. Disamping itu untuk menanggulangi masalah bentuk anatomi gigi molar satu bawah, dapat dilanjutkan pelaksanaan penambalan fissure sealant maupun tumpatan baru 'Atraumatic Restorative Treatment'. ......Factors Related To Dental Caries Status Of The Sixth Grade Primary School Children In Tanjung Priok Subdistrict Of Northern Jakarta, 1997.Dental caries is a disease affecting children especifically 12 years old ; this age group needs special attention since the transition from the deciduous dentition to the permanent dentition occured in this age group. The evaluation study of School Dental Health Programs for 5th and 6th grades in the Jakarta , shows an increase in dental caries prevalence from 89.60 % in 1988 to 93.72% in 1996; the average DMFT figures however, went down from 2.98 to 2.66 teeth in the same period. Proportionally, dental caries and its sequela still in the first rank compared to other oral diseases in primary school children who were treated at the Health Centre Services. The aims of the study is to obtain information on the relation between determinant factors and dental caries in primary school children; with an "Analyzed Cross Sectional" design. The study was done in 106 primary school out of 112 Primary school in the subdistrict of Tanjung Priok. The study sample comprises 6th grades through a "systematic random Sampling ", Total sample was 443 children. Data was obtained by questioners for demographic factors, daily food consumption patterns ( 3 times food recall ) and tooth brushing habits. Apart from that, dental examination was carried out. The data was statistically processed, from univariat, bivariat and multivariat analysis with multiple linear regression and multiple logistic regression. The results show a dental caries prevalence ( DMF-T) of 70,9 % of 6 grades in the Tanjung Priok subdistrict with average of 1,657 ± 1.487 caries teeth; encompassing 61.3% decayed, 4.5% missing and 5.1% filled teeth. The latest model indicates that the 43.78% dental caries rate (DMF-T) may be explained by, independent variables : Oral Hygiene Index Simplify, frequency of brushing , shape of lower first molar, all of which have to be balanced by the amount of consumed " sticky" carbohydrate consumption may increase dental caries by 3 %. Interaction were found between good frequency of tooth brushing and incorrect brushing times, between insufficient frequency of tooth brushing and correct brushing times, between insufficient frequency of tooth brushing and incorrect brushing times. The latest interaction show that with the amount of sticky carbohydrate consumed, in which a minimum of 8.85 grams of sticky carbohydrates daily, caries risks will increase 2.08 times; a maximum of 98.10 gram will increase caries risks with 235.40 times. A cause and effect relationship between lower first molar anatomical shape and dental caries is presumably caused by the fact that the tooth in question is a the first permanent element to erupt, which is around 6-7 years of age, by tooth formation with abnormal anatomy would already occur at 5 weeks of intrauterine life and had a relationship with heredity and race, in addition to influence of gravitation causing much more food rests to accumulation teeth of the lower jaw. It is suggested that school dental health education be improved to change the child's tooth brushing habits from "before meals" and "during bath" to "after meals" and a minimum of two times daily, which is after breakfast and before retiring at night. To cope with the problem of the anatomical shape of the lower first molar, fissure sealants and Aritmatic Restorative Treatment fillings may be employed.

Abstrak :
Every body consumes street-foods, even babies as early as 6 months of age. The older the children, the more varied the street foods being consumed. Street foods therefore have contributed to a significant proportion of energy, protein and iron intake of school age children. Looking at high percentages of street foods contribution to their nutrient intake, street foods play an important role in school children's growth and school achievement. On the other hand the safety (microbiological & chemical aspect) of street foods is still questionable. This study aimed to investigate the predicted consumption of illegal food additives from street food among school children from two different types of government primary schools. This research report is arranged and divided in three sequential parts. Part 1 contains comprehensive review on the background and rationale of the study, problem statements, literature review, conceptual framework, objectives of the study and the hypothesis. Part 2 consists of manuscript for publication entitled "School children from model school had lower intake of illegal food additive from street foods compare to school children from regular school" that presents the main findings of the study. The manuscript is written in accordance with the "Instruction for Author's" of "Food and Nutrition Bulletin". Part 3 is the compilation of the detailed questionnaire, methodology, other important results that are not included in the manuscript, ethical consideration and list of references.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK Pembangunan Sumberdaya Manusia merupakan salah satu tujuan utama dari Pembangunan Jangka Panjang Kedua (PIP II). Kualitas sumberdaya manusia di masa mendatang ikut ditentukan oleh status kesehatan anak Indonesia saat ini. Infeksi Soil Transmitted Helminths (kecacingan), yang berpengaruh negatif terhadap kesehatan dan tumbuh kembang anak, masih tinggi angka kejadiannya, terutama pada anak usia sekolah dasar. Faktor-faktor yang diduga menyebabkan tingginya angka kejadian kecacingan ini adalah kondisi sanitasi lingkungan yang belum memadai, kebersihan diri yang buruk, tingkat pendidikan dan kondisi sosial ekonomi yang rendah, pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku hidup sehat yang belum membudaya, serta kondisi geografis yang sesuai untuk kehidupan dan perkembangbiakan cacing. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah diperolehnya informasi tentang prevalensi dan intensitas kecacingan pada murid di 51 SD di Kabupaten Karanganyar serta hubungannya dengan pengetahuan murid, perilaku murid, pendidikan ibu, pengetahuan orangtua, kondisi ekonomi, dan kondisi sanitasi lingkungan. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan potong lintang (cross sectional) dan bersifat deskriptif. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang merupakan hasil penelitian dalam rangka monitoring dan evaluasi Proyek "Kemitraan Indonesia untuk Perkembangan Anak" di Kabupaten Karanganyar, Jawa Tengah, tahun 1995. Sampel dari penelitian ini adalah 539 murid di 51 SD di Kabupaten Karanganyar, yang dipilih secara bertahap dengan menggunakan teknik simple random sampling dan systematic random sampling. Pemeriksaan adanya telur cacing di dalam tinja dilakukan dengan metoda Kato-Katz, sedangkan untuk variabel-variabel yang lain pengukuran dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner dan pengamatan/pemeriksaan langsung pada obyek penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi kecacingan pada murid di 51 SD di Kabupaten Karanganyar adalah 31,5 persen. Prevalensi pada masing-masing jenis cacing adalah infeksi cacing gelang 8,7 persen, infeksi cacing cambuk 15,6 persen, dan infeksi cacing tambang 17,6 persen. Intensitas infeksi yang terjadi sebagian besar termasuk kategori sangat ringan sampai ringan. Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa ada tiga variabel yang secara bersama-sama berhubungan dengan kejadian kecacingan (semua jenis), yaitu pengetahuan murid, perilaku murid, dan kondisi ekonomi. Dan basil analisis multivariat didapatkan dua variabel yang secara bersama-sama berhubungan dengan kejadian infeksi cacing gelang, yaitu pendidikan ibu dan kondisi sanitasi lingkungan. Sedangkan untuk cacing cambuk, hanya didapatkan satu variabel yang berhubungan dengan kejadian infeksi cacing cambuk, yaitu pengetahuan murid. Hasil analisis multivariat dengan regresi logistik multipel (backward elimination) menunjukkan bahwa ada empat variabel yang secara bersama-sama berhubungan dengan kejadian infeksi cacing tambang, yaitu pengetahuan murid, perilaku murid, kondisi ekonomi, dan kondisi sanitasi lingkungan. Dengan analisis multivariat (Manova) didapatkan interaksi antara pendidikan ibu dan kondisi ekonomi berhubungan dengan intensitas infeksi cacing gelang, sedangkan intensitas infeksi cacing cambuk berhubungan dengan interaksi antara pendidikan ibu, kondisi ekonomi dan kondisi sanitasi lingkungan. Dengan uji Manava didapatkan dua variabel batas (yaitu pendidikan ibu dan kondisi sanitasi lingkungan) dan empat interaksi (yaitu pengetahuan murid dan perilaku murid; pendidikan ibu dan kondisi sanitasi lingkungan; kondisi ekonomi dan kondisi sanitasi lingkungan; dan pendidikan ibu, kondisi ekonomi dan kondisi sanitasi lingkungan) yang berhubungan dengan intensitas infeksi cacing tambang. Dibandingkan dengan hasil penelitian-penelitian lain, pada penelitian ini didapatkan prevalensi cacing tambang yang relatif lebih tinggi. Upaya-upaya yang disarankan untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut antara lain pemberian obat cacing yang adekuat, pendidikan kesehatan bagi ibu maupun murid SD, serta program perbaikan perumahan dan kondisi sanitasi lingkungan.

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ABSTRACT Human resources development is one of the main objectives of the Indonesian second long-term development (PJP II). The quality of human resources in the future is determined by health and nutrition status of the children at the present time. The prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthiasis (worm infection), which have adverse effects on child health and development, is high especially among primary school children. Factors which are associated with the high prevalence of worm infection are poor housing and environmental sanitation, low socio-economic and educational status, inadequate knowledge and practice, and unfavourable geographic condition. The aim of this study is to get information on the prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted helminthiasis and their relationship with the children's knowledge and practice, educational level of the mothers, the parents' knowledge and economic status, and housing and environmental sanitation. The study was conducted in 51 elementary schools in Karanganyar District, Central Java in a cross sectional manner. Secondary data from "Mitra" Project (1995) was used. The total sample was 539 students aged from 8 to 13. The children's stool were examined by the Kato-Katz method. Other data was collected by using structured questionnaires. The prevalence of all kinds of worm infection was 31,5 percent. The prevalence of ascariasis, trichuriasis, and hookworm was 8,7 percent, 15,6 percent, and I7,6 percent respectively. Most of the infection were at mild intensity. Multivariate analysis with backward elimination logistic multiple regression tests showed that the children's knowledge, children's practice, and the parents' economic status had significant association with worm infection. Mother's educational level and housing and environmental sanitation were significantly associated with ascariasis. Only children's knowledge was significantly associated with trichuriasis, while for hookworm infection children's knowledge, children's practice, parents' economic status, and housing and environmental sanitation were significant determinants. Multivariate analysis with Multi-way analysis of variance (Manova) showed that there was interaction between mother's educational level and parents' economic status which was significantly associated with the intensity of ascariasis. Interaction among mother's educational level, parents' economic status and housing and enviromental sanitation had significant relationship with the intensity of trichuriasis. Two main variables (i.e. mother's educational level and housing and environmental) and four interactions (i.e. children's knowledge and children's practice, mother's educational level and housing and environmental sanitation, parents? economic status and housing and environmental sanitation, and mother's educational level, economic status, and housing and environmental sanitation) were significantly associated with the intensity of hookworm infection. The study showed that compare to the other studies' results, the prevalence of hookworm infection was relatively high. Adequate deworrning, health education, and improvement of housing and environmental sanitation were suggested to reduce hookworm infection among school children in Karanganyar District, Central Java. ix + 123 pages: 31 tables, 14 schemas, 4 appendices Reading: 53 (1983-1996).

Abstrak :
[Salmonella sp adalah bakteri patogen yang sering menginfeksi manusia melalui makanan dan menyebabkan gastroenteritis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa hubungan Salmonella sp dalam makanan jajanan dengan kejadian gastroenteritis pada anak-anak SD di Kelurahan Beji Timur Kota Depok. Merupakan studi cross sectional pada 120 anak SD, 21 orang penjamah makanan dan 46 jenis makanan. Uji chi-square menunjukkan Salmonella sp dalam makanan jajanan mempunyai hubungan yang signifikant (P=0,005) dan berisiko menyebabkan gastroenteritis pada anak-anak SD dengan OR: 7,857 (95% CI: 2,067–29,862). Variabel personel higiene penjamah makanan dan fasilitas sumber air bersih merupakan variabel yang ikut berpengaruh. Disarankan untuk dilakukan peningkatan personel higiene anak-anak, penjamah makanan dan penyediaan fasilitas santasi yang memenuhi syarat;Salmonella sp is a bacterial pathogen that frequently affects humans throughout food, and causes gastroenteritis. This study aimed to analyze the relationship of Salmonella sp in snacks food with the incidence of gastroenteritis in children in the village primary school East Beji Depok City. This study a cross-sectional study on 120 primary school children, 21 food handlers and 46 kinds of food. Chisquare test showed Salmonella sp in snacks food has signifikant relationship (P = 0.005) and the risk of causing gastroenteritis in primary school children with OR: 7.857 (95% CI: 2.067 to 29.862). Variable personnel hygiene of food handlers and facilities clean water source is a variable that take effect. Personel hygiene and source clean water facilities It was advised to improvie children’s personel hygiene, food handlers and provision of eligible sanitation facilities;Salmonella sp is a bacterial pathogen that frequently affects humans throughout food, and causes gastroenteritis. This study aimed to analyze the relationship of Salmonella sp in snacks food with the incidence of gastroenteritis in children in the village primary school East Beji Depok City. This study a cross-sectional study on 120 primary school children, 21 food handlers and 46 kinds of food. Chisquare test showed Salmonella sp in snacks food has signifikant relationship (P = 0.005) and the risk of causing gastroenteritis in primary school children with OR: 7.857 (95% CI: 2.067 to 29.862). Variable personnel hygiene of food handlers and facilities clean water source is a variable that take effect. Personel hygiene and source clean water facilities It was advised to improvie children’s personel hygiene, food handlers and provision of eligible sanitation facilities, Salmonella sp is a bacterial pathogen that frequently affects humans throughout food, and causes gastroenteritis. This study aimed to analyze the relationship of Salmonella sp in snacks food with the incidence of gastroenteritis in children in the village primary school East Beji Depok City. This study a cross-sectional study on 120 primary school children, 21 food handlers and 46 kinds of food. Chisquare test showed Salmonella sp in snacks food has signifikant relationship (P = 0.005) and the risk of causing gastroenteritis in primary school children with OR: 7.857 (95% CI: 2.067 to 29.862). Variable personnel hygiene of food handlers and facilities clean water source is a variable that take effect. Personel hygiene and source clean water facilities It was advised to improvie children’s personel hygiene, food handlers and provision of eligible sanitation facilities]

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK Lingkungan dengan higienitas yang buruk ditambah dengan kurangnya pemahaman dan penerapan Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) di banyak tempat di Indonesia menyebabkan masih tingginya prevalensi infeksi parasit usus di negara ini. Anak sekolah dasar merupakan kelompok yang paling rentan mengalami infeksi parasit usus. Apabila infeksi tersebut tidak ditangani, seorang anak dengan infeksi parasit usus akan mengalami penurunan kualitas hidup dengan terganggunya proses tumbuh kembang dan terhambatnya proses belajar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah adanya hubungan antara infeksi parasit usus dengan tingkat pendidikan pada anak sekolah dasar. Desain studi yang digunakan ialah cross sectional dengan data yang diambil dari sebuah Sekolah Dasar dan Madrasah Ibtidaiyah di Kabupaten Bekasi, yang berlokasi cukup dekat dengan Tempat Pembuangan Akhir. Sampel yang diikutsertakan dalam penelitian ialah murid kelas 4, 5, dan 6 dengan total sebanyak 133 orang anak (total sampling). Setiap anak bertugas mengumpulkan pot feses yang isinya kemudian diperiksa di laboratorium dengan mikroskop. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 68,1% murid kelas 4 terinfeksi parasit usus, sedangkan murid kelas 5 dan 6 yang terinfeksi sebanyak 51,4% dan 75,9%. Dari angka tersebut, diketahui bahwa ternyata tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara infeksi parasit usus dengan tingkat pendidikan pada anak sekolah dasar di Kabupaten Bekasi pada tahun 2012.

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ABSTRACT An environtment with bad hygienity coupled with lack of understandimg amd implementation of Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) in many place in Indonesia cause the prevalence of intestinal prasitic infection stays high. Primary school children have the most risk to get the infection. Intestinal parasitic infection that is not managed properly can decrease the quality of life and distrub the learning process. The aim of this research is to understand whether there is an association between intestinal parasitic infection and level of education on primary school children. The design study used in this research is cross scetional study with data taken from two primary schools located at Kabupaten Bekasi, stands near a landfills. The samples for this research is the 4th, 5th, and 6th grade students with a total of 133 children (total sampling). Each children had to collect a pot filled with their faeces which will be examined later under the microscope. The result shows that as many as 68,1% of the 4th grade children are infected, meanwhile the number of infection for the 5th and 6th grade children are as many as 51,4% dan 75,9%. From the numbers, known that there are no meaningful association between intestinal parasitic infecion with level of education on primary school children in Kabupaten Bekasi in 2012.

Abstrak :
Infeksi cacing yang ditularkan melalui tanah masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia balk di pedesaan maupun di daerah kumuh di perkotaan dengan prevalensi sekitar 60%-80% pada murid-murid SD dan 40%-60% untuk semua umur (Direktorat Jenderal PPM dan PLP, 1998). Walaupun tidak berakibat fatal, penyakit kecacingan berdampak cukup luas pada anak-anak antara lain malnutrisi, anemia, gangguan fungsi kognitif serta menurunkan prestasi belajar dan produktivitas pada pekerja. Secara umum penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor karakteristik anak, karakteristik ibu dan faktor kondisi sanitasi lingkungan terhadap infeksi kecacingan pada murid SDN RawaBadak Utara 23 dan 24, Jakarta Utara. Penelitian ini merupakan suatu studi epidemiologi " kasus kontrol " dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 100 kasus dan 100 kontrol. Kasus adalah siswa yang menderita infeksi kecacingan, sedangkan kontrol adalah siswa yang tidak menderita kecacingan. Diagnosis untuk kasus dan kontrol dilakukan dengan cara pemeriksaan telur cacing pada tinja menggunakan metode Kato. Hipotesis yang diajukan adalah adanya pengaruh faktor karakteristik anak, karakteristik ibu dan kondisi sanitasi lingkungan terhadap infeksi kecacingan. Dari hasil analisis bivariat didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna antara variabel higiene perorangan, kebiasaan cuci tangan ,kebiasaan main yang kontak dengan tanah, pendidikan ibu, pengetahuan ibu, kondisi ekonomi orang tua dan kepemilikan jamban serta sarana air bersih dengan infeksi kecacingan pada siswa pada tingkat kemaknaan P<0,05. Sedangkan dari hasil analisis multivariat diperoleh faktor yang secara bersama-sama mempengaruhi infeksi kecacingan pada anak adalah higiene perorangan, kebiasaan cuci tangan, pengetahuan ibu, interaksi kebiasaan cuci tangan dengan higiene perorangan dan interaksi antara kebiasaan cuci tangan dengan pengetahuan ibu. Mengingat variabel yang mempengaruhi infeksi kecacingan pada anak sangat berhubungan dengan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat yang berkaitan dengan pengetahuan kesehatan, maka diperlukan upaya untuk meningkatkan higiene perorangan pada murid dengan cara penyuluhan kesehatan disertai dengan pemeriksaan kebersihan diri murid secara berkala di sekolah. Juga dilakukan upaya peningkatan kebersihan lingkungan dengan cara diadakan kerja bakti secara rutin dan lomba kebersihan antar RT/RW. Daftar bacaan : 50 (1979-2000)

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Factors Which Influence Soil Transmitted Helminth Infection among Primary School Children in North Rawabadak 23 & 24, North Jakarta, 2002Soil transmitted helminths infection is still public health problems in Indonesia especially in rural areas and in slum areas of big cities with prevalence of about 60%-80% among primary school childrens and 40%-60% at all ages (Directorate General of PPM &PLP, 1998). Although harmless, helminth infection could have serious impact to children such as malnutrition, anemia, defect in cognitive function, decreasing of learning achievement and decreasing of productivity of workers. In general the aimed of this study is to detect the impact of children's characteristic factor, mother's characteristic factor and environment sanitation towards helminth infection among students from state primary school of North RawaBadak 23 & 24, North Jakarta. This research is the case control epidemiologist study with 100 cases and 100 controls. Case is a student who is infected by soil transmitted helminth, and control is a student who is not infected. The diagnose for cases and controls is done by examining worm's eggs in feces using Kato method. The assumed hypothesis is the existence of children's characteristic influence, mother's characteristic influence and environment's sanitation condition to helminth infection. From bivariat analysis resulting significant relation among personal hygiene variable, hand washing habit, playing habit with soil contact, mother's education level, mother's knowledge, parent's economical condition and possession of latrine and source of clean water with helminth infection among students with level of significant P < 0,05. While from multivariate analysis resulting factors that altogether influence helminth infection e.i : personal hygiene, hand washing habit, mother's knowledge, interaction between hand washing habit and personal hygiene, and interaction between hand washing habit and mother's knowledge. Based on the variables that influence helminth infection in children are closely related to clean and healthy life style related with knowledge about health, efforts to increase personal hygiene are necessary through health education and individual cleanliness control at school. Efforts are also done to improve the environment's cleanliness by cleanliness competitions among Rukun Tetangga's or Rukun Warp's. References : 50 (1979 - 2000)

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari optimized food-based recommendation FBR dan biskuit fortifikasi terhadap performa kognitif siswa sekolah dasar. Cluster randomized controlled trial selama enam bulan pada anak sekolah usia 7-9 tahun n=252 dilaksanakan di 12 sekolah di Kota Nyaundon yang terdiri dari 3 kelompok; kombimasi optimized FBR dan biskuit fortifikasi, optimized FBR, dan kontrol. Performa kognitif, antropometri, dan indicator biokimia diukur sebagai outcome. Pada kedua kelompok intervensi optimized FBR dengan biscuit fortifikasi dan optimized FBR terdapat pengaruh yang significant terhadap performa kognitif, weight-for-age z-scores dan kadar besi serum. Akan tetapi kombinasi optimized FBR dengan biscuit fortifikasi menghasilkan skor performa kognitif yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan optimized FBR saja dengan skor yang lebih tinggi secara signifikan pada daya ingat 1.1 0.1: p-vale

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The study aimed to determine the effect of optimized food-based recommendation FBR and fortified biscuits on cognitive performance of primary school children. A six-month cluster randomized controlled trial among 7-9 years old school children n=252 were conducted at 12 schools in Nyaungdon Township with three intervention groups; optimized FBR with fortified biscuits, optimized FBR, and control. The cognitive performances, anthropometry and biochemical indicators were assessed as outcomes. Analysis of covariance and multiple linear regression analysis were done. Both intervention optimized FBR with fortified biscuits and optimized FBR groups had significant effect on the cognitive performances, weight-for-age z-scores and serum iron status. But combined optimized FBR with fortified biscuits improved cognitive performances higher scores than optimized FBR alone with significantly higher in memory 1.1 0.1: p-vale.