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"Tesis ini membahas tentang persepsi orang tua terhadap tayangan sinetron remaja dan pubertas terhadap anak mereka yang masih duduk di bangku sekolah dasar. Hal tersebut dapat dilihat melalui aspek visual, narasi, dan nilai yang dilihat oleh para orang tua dari sebuah sinetron yang disaksikan oleh mereka. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode FGD dan desain Deskriptif-Kualitatif sebagai strategi analisis data. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa orangtua menyadari akan sisi negatif dari sinetron terhadap anak-anak mereka dan dapat menyebabkan anak mengalami pubertas dini, namun mereka tak dapat melakukan apapun karena mereka sendiri telah ”kecanduan” dalam menontonnya. Penelitian ini juga dilengkapi dengan pendapat beberapa pakar yang mengungkapkan suatu fakta terbaru bahwa anak yang tertepa tayangan yang tak sesuai dengan umurnya, apalagi mengandung seksualitas (meskipun tak secara vulgar) dapat menyebabkan kerusakan di lima bagian otaknya.

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This study jbcuses on the parents ’ perception on Indonesian television cinema and earbv puberty that can hit their children who are still in primary school. There are 4 points that we will know about their perception, such as visual, narration, value from the cinema that they have watched and early puberty of their children The analysis data strategic of this research is using descrqvtive-qualitative design with focused group discussion as the main method and deep interview to support it. The researcher finds that all parents who joined the discussion realize about the negative ejcctsfom television cinemas and that it also can cause early puberty to their children. But unjbrtunatebt, they could not do anything to avoid it, because the parents themselves have been addicted to watch it. This research is also completed by some experts’ opinions that will show us the newest fact about the children who like to watch television cinemas and that it can cause the damage of their brain in 5 parts."

"Menarche dini merupakan salah satu faktor risiko kanker payudara yang berhubungan dengan lama pajanan estrogen. Penelitian mengenai faktor-faktor risiko menarche dini belum banyak dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara asupan gizi, antropometri dan komposisi tubuh, serta aktivitas fisik dengan kadar estradiol dan menarche dini. Desain penelitian ini adalah potong lintang dengan subjek remaja putri 13-15 tahun di Jakarta, sejak Januari 2014 sampai Januari 2015. Analisis asupan gizi dilakukan dengan metode 24-hour recall dan Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ) semikuantitatif. Variabel antropometrik dan komposisi tubuh meliputi berat badan, tinggi badan, indeks massa tubuh (IMT), dan persentase lemak tubuh. Namun ditambahkan pengukuran lingkar lengan atas (LLA) dan lingkar pinggang (LP). Aktivitas fisik dinilai dengan Physical Activity Questionnaire (PAQ). Kadar estradiol serum diukur pada fase folikuler. Menarche dini adalah usia saat menstruasi pertama kali kurang dari 12 tahun. Terdapat 189 remaja putri usia13-15 tahun yang dilibatkan dari 8 SMP di Jakarta. Asupan gizi remaja putri berdasarkan PUGS cukup karbohidrat, kurang protein, tinggi lemak, dan rendah serat. Berdasarkan kriteria z-score IMT/U dari WHO, ditemukan sebanyak 3,2% gizi kurang, 73,5% normal, 18% mengalami overweight dan 5,3% mengalami obese. Lebih dari 90% subjek penelitian memiliki aktivitas fisik rendah. Proporsi menarche dini pada penelitian ini 22,8%. Kadar estradiol berkorelasi positif dengan asupan energi, protein, dan lemak. Berdasarkan kategori asupan, median estradiol berhubungan dengan asupan karbohidrat dan lemak. Terdapat korelasi negatif antara kadar estradiol dan LLA, LP serta z-score IMT/U. Terdapat hubungan antara menarche dini dan variabel-variabel antropometrik LLA dan LP serta z-score IMT/U. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara menarche dini, asupan gizi, aktivitas fisik, dan kadar estradiol. Faktor determinan kadar estradiol adalah asupan energi, protein, lemak dan zscore IMT/U, sedangkan faktor determinan menarche dini adalah LP. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa untuk menurunkan faktor risiko kanker payudara, perlu memperhatikan faktor-faktor yang terkait kadar estradiol dan menarch.

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Early menarche has been known as a risk factor of breast cancer because its association with the length of exposure time to estrogen. There are not much studies has been done on risk factors of early menarche. The aim of this study was to know the association among nutritional intake, anthropometry and body composition, physical activity, estradiol level and early menarche. This was a cross-sectional study involving adolescent girls aged 13-15 years in Jakarta, between January 2014 and January 2015. Interview on nutritional intakes were done by using the 24-hour recall and semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ). The anthropometric and body composition variables included body weight, body height, body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage; however, additional variables were also measured, i.e. mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and waist circumference (WC). Physical activity was assessed by using the Physical Activity Questionnaires (PAQ). Serum estradiol levels was measured during follicular phase. Early menarche was defined if the first menstruation occurred before the age of 12 years. There were 189 adolescent girls enrolled in this study from 8 junior high schools in Jakarta.

Based on guidelines of balanced nutrition, nutritiotional intake of adolescent girls were adequate carbohydrate intake, low protein intake, high fat intake, and low fiber intake. based on the WHO z-scores of BMI per age, there was 3,2% underweight, 73,5% normal, 18% overweight and 5,3% obese subjects. More than 90% of the study subjects had mild physical activity. The proportion of early menarche was 22.8%. Estradiol level was positive correlated with the intakes of energy, protein, and fat. Based on the diet intake category, median estradiol level was associate with the intakes of carbohydrate and fat. There was a negative correlation between estradiol level and MUAC, WC, and z-scores BMI per age. There was an association between early menarche and antrophometric measures (MUAC and WC) and z-scores BMI per age. No association was found between early menarche and nutritional intake, physical activity, or estradiol level. Determinant factors of estradiol level were the intakes of energy, protein, fat, and z-score BMI per age; while determinant factor of early menarche was waist circumference. To conclude, in order to reduce breast cancer risk, we should paid attention on factors associated with increased estradiol level and early menarche i.e. fat intake, physical acitivity and normal body weight."