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"Penyakit Paru Obstruksi Kronik (PPOK) merupakan penyakit yang ditandai oleh keterbatasan aliran udara di dalam saluran napas yang tidak sepenuhnya dapat dipulihkan dan bersifat progresif. Penyakit ini mempengaruhi aspek fisiologis terutama penurunan pada fungsi paru. Prevalensi penyakit ini setiap tahun terus mengalami peningkatan dan diperkirakan 10 tahun kedepan akan menempati urutan ketiga penyebab kematian di dunia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan mobilisasi dada terhadap fungsi paru pada pasien PPOK. Penelitian ini menggunakan quasi experimental design dengan pendekatan control group pre-posttest design pada 40 responden (n control =n intervesi = 20). Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis univariat: proporsi, mean dan standar deviasi. Selanjutnya analisis bivariate menggunakan Wilcoxon test, Pooled t test dan Mann Whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan secara bermakna pada nilai FEV1 (p=0,046: α=0.05). Terapi ini dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu terapi pelengkap dalam pemberian asuhan keperawatan rehabilitasi pada pasien PPOK.

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a disease characterized by limited airflow in the airways that is not fully recoverable and progressive. This disease affects physiological aspects, especially the decline in lung function. The prevalence of this disease continues to increase every year and it is estimated that in the next 10 years the disease will rank third as the cause of death in the world. This study aimed to determine the effect of chest mobilization exercises on pulmonary function in COPD patients. This study used a quasi experimental design with a control group pre-posttest design approach to 40 respondents (n control = n intervention = 20). This study used univariate analysis: proportions, mean and standard deviation. Next, the bivariate analysis applied the Wilcoxon test, Pooled t test and Mann Whitney. The results showed a significant increase in the value of FEV1 (p=0,046: α=0.05). This therapy can be used as one of the complementary therapies in providing rehabilitation nursing care to COPD patients."

"Tesis ini membahas tentang profil pajanan debu silika terhadap kejadian silikosis dan gangguan fungsi paru pada pekerja di perusahaan tambang granit di Tanjung Balai Karimun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil kesehatan pekerja serta prevalens kejadian silikosis dan gangguan fungsi paru. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang. Hasil penelitian adalah prevalens silikosis sebanyak 1 (1,0%) orang pekerja dan prevalens gangguan fungsi paru sebanyak 7 (7,2%) orang pekerja. Tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara kejadian silikosis dengan faktor-faktor risiko. Pada gangguan fungsi paru terdapat hubungan yang bermakna dengan faktor usia. Namun, perlu dipertimbangkan faktor-faktor risiko lain yang ikut berperan menimbulkan gangguan fungsi paru. Semua hasil pengukuran debu total di lingkungan kerja melebihi Nilai Ambang Batas (NAB).

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The thesis researched about the profile of silica dust exposure in the occurrence of silicosis and pulmonary function disorders among granite mining workers in Tanjung Balai Karimun. This study aimed to determine the health profile of workers and the prevalence of silicosis and pulmonary function disorders. This study used a cross-sectional design. The results of the study were the prevalence of silicosis was 1 (1,0%) worker and the prevalence of pulmonary function disorders were 7 (7,2%) workers. There was no significant relationship between the occurrence of silicosis and risk factors. Otherwise, there was a significant relationship between pulmonary function disorders and age. However, other risk factors were  needed to be considered in causing pulmonary function disorders. All measurements results of total dust exceeded the Threshold Limit Value (TLV)."

"[Pajanan debu bedak talk (talcum powder) adalah salah satu kontaminan yang dapat menyebabkan gangguan fungsi paru baik obstruktif, restriktif maupun campuran pada karyawan di tempat kerja. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mempelajari hubungan antara pajanan debu respirable talcum powder dengan gangguan fungsi paru dan keluhan subyektif karyawan di PT.XYZ tahun 2015. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei yang dilakukan tanpa intervensi, yang bersifat analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional. Besar sampel sebanyak 18 daripopulasi 42 orang yang diambil secara purposive sampling. Variabel yang diamati adalah tingkat pajanan debu respirable talcum powder pada karyawan, umur, lama bekerja, kebiasaan merokok, kebiasaan olah raga, riwayat penyakit paru dan penggunaan APD. Jenis data adalah data primer dan sekunder, dan pengumpulan data dari hasil pengukuran debu, pemeriksaan spirometri, foto thorax, hasil kuesioner dan wawancara responden. Analisis data yang digunakan adalahanalisis univariat, bivariat dan multivariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pajanan debu respirable bedak talk dengan keluhan subyektif hidung tersumbat, sakit tenggorokan dan batuk (p<0,05) dan ada hubungan antara kebiasaan merokok dengan sakit tenggorokan dan penggunaan APD dengan keluhan hidung tersumbat dan sakit tenggorokan. Hasil analisis regresi logistik dari tiga variabel pajanan debu bedak talk, kebiasaan merokok dan tidak menggunakan APD menunjukkan bahwa merokok variabelpaling dominan dan beresiko 25 kali mengalami keluhan sakit tenggorokan dibandingkan dengan yang tidak merokok. Disarankan untuk memperbaiki instalasi Local Exhaust Ventilation pada proses bedak, pemantauan dan pengukuran debu bedak talk secara rutin, MCU secara berkala, program promosi kesehatan di tempat kerja, penyediaan APD bagi karyawan dan pelatihan tentang penggunaan dan perawatannya.;Talcum dust (powder) exposure is one of particulate contaminant that can cause pulmonary function disorder either obstructive, restrictive or combination. The research aimed to learn the correlation between respirable dust of talcum exposure with pulmonary function disorder and health subjective complaint from exposedemployees in PT. XYZ, 2015. The research was analytical study with cross sectional design using survey method without any intervention. There were 18 samples from 42 employee of total population by purposive sampling. The observed variables were respirable dust of talcum exposure to employees, age, work length, smoke habits, exercise habits, history of pulmonary disease and PPE usage. The data were generated from primary and secondary data, and collectedfrom respirable dust measurement, pulmonary examination (spirometry test and photo thorax), questionnaires and interview. The data was analyzed by univariate, bivariate and multivariate. The research showed that there was significantly correlated between respirable dust of talcum powder exposure with health subjective complaint of nasal congestion, sore throat and cough (p<0,05) and there was correlation between smoke habits with sore throat and PPE usage with nasal congestion and sore throat. The multiple logistic regression analysis from three variables i.e. respirable dust of talcum powder exposure, smoke habits and PPE usage showed that smoker among employees was the most dominant factor and had risk until 25 times induced health subjective complaint compared with non-smokers. It is recommended to improve Local Exhaust Ventilation for talcumpowder process, periodically Medial Check Up, health promotion program, PPE provision and PPE training to employees.;Talcum dust (powder) exposure is one of particulate contaminant that can causepulmonary function disorder either obstructive, restrictive or combination. Theresearch aimed to learn the correlation between respirable dust of talcum exposurewith pulmonary function disorder and health subjective complaint from exposedemployees in PT. XYZ, 2015. The research was analytical study with crosssectional design using survey method without any intervention. There were 18samples from 42 employee of total population by purposive sampling. Theobserved variables were respirable dust of talcum exposure to employees, age,work length, smoke habits, exercise habits, history of pulmonary disease and PPEusage. The data were generated from primary and secondary data, and collectedfrom respirable dust measurement, pulmonary examination (spirometry test andphoto thorax), questionnaires and interview. The data was analyzed by univariate,bivariate and multivariate. The research showed that there was significantlycorrelated between respirable dust of talcum powder exposure with healthsubjective complaint of nasal congestion, sore throat and cough (p<0,05) andthere was correlation between smoke habits with sore throat and PPE usage withnasal congestion and sore throat. The multiple logistic regression analysis fromthree variables i.e. respirable dust of talcum powder exposure, smoke habits andPPE usage showed that smoker among employees was the most dominant factorand had risk until 25 times induced health subjective complaint compared withnon-smokers. It is recommended to improve Local Exhaust Ventilation for talcumpowder process, periodically Medial Check Up, health promotion program, PPEprovision and PPE training to employees., Talcum dust (powder) exposure is one of particulate contaminant that can causepulmonary function disorder either obstructive, restrictive or combination. Theresearch aimed to learn the correlation between respirable dust of talcum exposurewith pulmonary function disorder and health subjective complaint from exposedemployees in PT. XYZ, 2015. The research was analytical study with crosssectional design using survey method without any intervention. There were 18samples from 42 employee of total population by purposive sampling. Theobserved variables were respirable dust of talcum exposure to employees, age,work length, smoke habits, exercise habits, history of pulmonary disease and PPEusage. The data were generated from primary and secondary data, and collectedfrom respirable dust measurement, pulmonary examination (spirometry test andphoto thorax), questionnaires and interview. The data was analyzed by univariate,bivariate and multivariate. The research showed that there was significantlycorrelated between respirable dust of talcum powder exposure with healthsubjective complaint of nasal congestion, sore throat and cough (p<0,05) andthere was correlation between smoke habits with sore throat and PPE usage withnasal congestion and sore throat. The multiple logistic regression analysis fromthree variables i.e. respirable dust of talcum powder exposure, smoke habits andPPE usage showed that smoker among employees was the most dominant factorand had risk until 25 times induced health subjective complaint compared withnon-smokers. It is recommended to improve Local Exhaust Ventilation for talcumpowder process, periodically Medial Check Up, health promotion program, PPEprovision and PPE training to employees.]"

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Latar Belakang: Asma merupakan penyakit inflamasi kronik pada saluran napas. Menurut Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) latihan fisis merupakan salah satu penatalaksanaan non farmakologi yang direkomendasikan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh senam asma terhadap hormon kortisol yang meregulasi beberapa faktor sistem imun (IL-10, IL-5, IgE, eosinofil) dan parameter perbaikan fungsi paru.

Metode Penelitian: Rancangan penelitian adalah quasi eksperimen dengan pre post grup design. Jumlah sampel 39 kelompok asma atopi daari Rumah Sakit Prof. Dr. dr. Margono Soekarjo Purwokerto Jawa Tengah tahun 2017-2018 dan 26 sampel kelompok non asma non atopi. IL-10 dan IL-5 diambil dari supernatan dengan isolasi PBMC dengan stimulasi alergen Der p, kontrol negatif menggunakan medium Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) dan kontrol positif menggunakan medium phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Hormon kortisol dan IgE diambil dari plasma darah dan eosinofil dengan pemeriksaan darah rutin. IL-10, IL-5, hormon kortisol dan IgE dianalisis dengan ELISA, sedangkan VEP₁ dan VEP₁/KVP diukur dengan spirometri H-101 dengan penghitungan prediksi dengan Pneumobile 2009. Kualitas hidup diukur dengan kuesioner Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ) dan kemampuan mengontrol asma diukur dengan kuesioner Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ). Analisis statistik dengan uji t-test berpasangan dan Wilcoxon untuk uji pengaruh sebelum dan setelah  senam asma, sedangkan Pearson untuk analisis hubungan antar variabel.

Hasil: Terdapat peningkatan bermakna antara kadar hormon kortisol, IL-10, VEP₁, VEP₁/KVP, kualitas hidup, kemampuan mengontrol asma dan penurunan IL-5, IgE dan eosinofil setelah senam asma pada pasien asma atopi persisten ringan-sedang dibandingkan sebelumnya. Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara peningkatan hormon kortisol dengan perbaikan fungsi paru (VEP₁ dan KVP) dan peningkatan hormon kortisol dengan penurunan IL-5, sedangkan peningkatan hormon kortisol berhubungan tidak bermakna dengan peningkatan IL-10 dan penurunan IgE.

Kesimpulan: Senam asma meningkatkan kadar hormon kortisol, IL-10, perbaikan fungsi paru, kualitas hidup dan kemampuan mengontrol asma serta dapat menurunkan IL-5, IgE, eosinofil pada asma atopi persisten.

 

 

Kata Kunci : Hormon Kortisol, IL-10, IL-5, IgE, Eosinofil, Fungsi paru, Asma Atopi Persisten

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Background: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. One of the management of non-pharmacological asthma recommended by the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) is physical exercise. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of exercise on cortisol which regulates several immune system factors (IL-10, IL-5, IgE, eosinophil) and lung function improvement parameters.

Methods: This study was a quasi-experiment with pre-post group design. The number of samples was 39 atopic asthma groups conducted at Prof. Dr. dr. Margono Soekarjo Hospital Purwokerto Central Java 2017-2018 and 26 non-atopy non-asthma groups which the inclusion criteria. Cortisol hormone and IgE were taken from blood plasma and eosinophil by routine blood test. IL-10, IL-5, cortisol and IgE were analyzed by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), while Force Expiration Volume in 1 second / FEV₁ and FEV₁ / FVC (Force Vital Capacity) were measured by H-101 spirometry with predictive calculations with Pneumobile 2009. Quality of life was assessed by the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ) and asthma control ability by the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ). Statistical analysis was conducted using paired t-test and Wilcoxon before and after asthma exercise, and Pearson method for the analysis of relationships between variables.

 Results: There were a significant increases in blood cortisol level, IL-10, FEV₁, FEV₁ / FVC, quality of life and the ability to control asthmatic attack and significant decreases in IL-5, IgE and eosinophil blood counts after compared to before asthma exercise. There were correlation among increases cortisol hormone with improving pulmonal function (FEV₁ and FVC), IL-5, eosinophil with increased FEV₁ and FEV₁ / FVC volume. The incerases in hormone cortisol was associated with no significant increases in IL-10 and decreased IgE.

Conclusion: Asthma exercise increases levels of cortisol, IL-10, pulmonary functions, quality of life and control ability, and reduces IL-5, IgE, eosinophil in atopic asthma persistent

 

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"Latar Belakang: Pada pasien dengan penyakit jantung, gangguan pada fungsi paru dapat memperburuk kondisi jantung dengan menyebabkan terjadinya dekompensasi. Infeksi virus SARS-CoV-2 berpotensi mengakibatkan terjadinya fibrosis paru dan gangguan fungsi paru lainnya yang dapat dinilai dengan pemeriksaan spirometri dan kadar ST2 terlarut dalam darah. Infeksi COVID-19 varian Omicron mengakibatkan luaran yang relatif lebih baik dibandingkan varian Delta namun jumlah kasusnya lebih banyak dan tetap dapat mengakibatkan komplikasi tersebut. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini akan membandingkan kedua parameter tersebut pada pasien pasca infeksi COVID-19 varian Omicron dan Delta.Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan kadar ST2 terlarut dan luaran spirometri pada pasien pasca COVID-19 varian Omicron dibandingkan varian Delta pada pasien dengan penyakit kardiovaskular serta perbedaan pada kedua populasi.Metode: Studi observasional potong lintang pada 76 pasien dengan penyakit jantung yang terinfeksi COVID-19 varian Omicron dan Delta dilakukan pemeriksaan spirometri dan kadar ST terlarut 12 minggu pasca konfirmasi negatif. Analisis statistik dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kadar ST2 terlarut pada varian Omicron dibandingkan dengan Delta terhadap gangguan fungsi paru menggunakan spirometri dan perbedaan luaran kedua varian.Hasil: Dari 76 subjek penelitian, proporsi pasien dengan varian Omicron lebih banyak dibandingkan Delta (53 orang berbanding 23 orang), dengan perbedaan pada proporsi pasien dengan gagal jantung, penyakit jantung koroner, penerima vaksin dan distres pernafasan akut pada admisi. Kadar ST2 terlarut (p=0.026, OR 1.01 (95% CI 1.00-1.01)) dan kondisi gagal jantung (p=0.019, OR 6.07 (95% CI 1.34-27.47)) memiliki hubungan terhadap kejadian luaran gambaran spirometri abnormal khususnya gambaran restriksi terutama pada varian Omicron, namun hubungan ini lemah dan kemaknaan klinis tidak signifikan.Hasil studi ini mengindikasikan bahwa kadar ST2 terlarut, meskipun lemah, mungkin memiliki asosiasi terhadap kelainan spirometri pada penyintas COVID-19, namun temuan ini terbatasi oleh perbedaan pada masing-masing populasi dari studi ini.

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Background: In patients with heart disease, impaired lung function can exacerbate cardiac conditions due to decompensation. Infection by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has the potential to cause pulmonary fibrosis and other lung impairment which could be assessed by spirometry and measurement of soluble ST2 levels. Omicron infection resulted in a relatively better outcome than the Delta variant but higher number of cases and it could still cause these complications. Therefore, this study aims to compare these two parameters in survivors of COVID-19 infected by Omicron and Delta variant.

Objective: To determine the relationship between soluble ST2 levels and spirometry outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease after COVID-19 infection by Omicron variant as compared to the Delta variant and the differences in the two populations.

Methods: A cross-sectional observational study on 76 patients with heart disease who were infected by Omicron and Delta variant of COVID-19 underwent spirometry and blood sampling for soluble ST levels at the Outpatient clinic in 12 weeks after confirmed negative. Statistical analysis will be performed to find out the association between soluble ST2 levels in the Omicron variant compared to Delta and impairment of lung function using spirometry and the difference in the outcomes of the two variants.

 

Results: From 76 study subjects, the proportion of survivor of Omicron variant was higher than Delta (53 versus 23), with differences in the proportion of patients with heart failure, coronary artery disease, recipients of vaccine and acute respiratory distress syndrome on admission. Soluble ST2 levels (p=0.026, OR 1.01 (95% CI 1.00-1.01)) and heart failure (p=0.019, OR 6.07 (95% CI 1.34-27.47)) have a significant association to abnormal spirometry pattern, especially the restrictive pattern in the Omicron variant, however this relationship may be weak and the clinical implication might be insignificant.

Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that soluble ST2 levels, although weak, may have an association with spirometry abnormalities in COVID-19 survivors, but these findings may be limited by differences in each population and study design."

"Kemajuan industri otomotif menyebabkan laju pertambahan kendaraan bermotor meningkat dengan pesat. Banyaknya jumlah kendaraan bermotor menyebabkan semakin tingginya polusi udara, terutama di daerah urban. Polusi udara dapat menyebabkan gangguan faal paru sehingga mengganggu kapasitas bernapas seseorang. Penelitian ini berusaha untuk menemukan hubungan antara beberapa faktor yang diduga berpengaruh terhadap gangguan fungsi faal paru yaitu  usia, status gizi, masa kerja, penggunaan masker dan riwayat merokok. Sampel diambil dari 103 orang polisi lalu lintas Kota Bekasi. Faktor risiko yang ditemukan antara lain obesitas (70,9%), perokok aktif (55,3%), tidak menggunakan masker (28,2%) dan masa tugas yang lama (66,7%). Dari hasil penelitian tidak ditemukan hubungan yang bermakna antara usia (p = 0,348), status gizi (p = 0,751), riwayat merokok (p = 0,865), pemakaian masker (p = 0,410) dan masa tugas ( p = 0,365) dengan gangguan fungsi faal paru. Perlu dilakukan penelitian longitudinal untuk menelusuri efek jangka panjang pajanan faktor risiko tersebut

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Progress in automotive industry has led to the increasing rate of motor vehicles. This increasing number of vehicles contribute to the increasing pollution, especially in urban areas. Air pollution can cause lung function disorders that interfere with a person's breathing capacity. Our study is designed to discover the relationship between several influencing factors with the physiological function of lung disorders, such as age, nutritional status, length of service, the use of masks and smoking history. Samples were taken from 103 Bekasi City traffic police. Risk factors include obesity was found (70.9%), current smokers (55.3%), do not use a mask (28.2%) and a long term assignment (66.7%). From the results of the study found no significant association between age (p = 0.348), nutritional status (p = 0.751), history of smoking (p = 0.865), use of masks (p = 0.410) and the task (p = 0.365) with impaired function pulmonary physiology. Longitudinal research is needed to further explore the long-term effects of exposure to these risk factors"

"Pendahuluan: Perkembangan kota Tangerang menyebabkan perkembangan lalu lintas di jalan raya. Perkembangan jumlah kendaraan meningkatkan pajanan polusi udara seperti debu, asap dan zat polutan lain hasil pembakaran mesin kendaraan berpengaruh terhadap faal paru orang-orang yang berada di jalanan terutama pada polisi lalulintas yang sedang bekerja. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menilai pajanan zat polutan terhadap nilai faal paru seseorang. Penelitian ini menilai usia, Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT), nilai faal paru, kebiasaan merokok, masa tugas, dan pemakaian masker pelindung. Metode: Dilakukan survei pada 112 anggota polisi lalu lintas yang bertugas di lapangan. Nilai faal paru di dapatkan dengan spirometri, kadar CO dengan CO meter, pemeriksaan fisis, foto toraks dan wawancara kuesioner. Indeks pencemaran dengan survei kualitas udara.Hasil : Penurunan faal paru pada 17% polisi lalu lintas. Penurunan nilai faal paru ini meliputi restriksi ringan 13% dan obtruksi ringan 4%. Seluruh foto toraks normal. Delapan puluh satu persen polisi mempunyai berat badan lebih atau obese, 60,7% perokok aktif dan 63 persen mempunyai kebiasaan penggunaan masker yang buruk. Kesimpulan: Kelompok umur mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna terhadap faal paru polisi lalu lintas. Tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara kebiasaan merokok, pemakaian masker , kadar CO dan gangguan faal paru.

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Introduction: The city of Tangerang has develop into big city. The government has built a new street to anticipating the raising amount of the vehicle.The street became busy street. The fumes, chemical and particles present in the emission are reported to be damaging of these people especially traffic policemen. Since there were no data available on the pulmonary fuction test (PFT) of Traffic Police personel in Tangerang, this study was taken up to assess the effect of air pollution to the PFT. The measurement were recorded in age, body weight, height, Forced Vital Capacity, Forced Expiratory Volume in first second, gender, smoking habit, Body Mass Index (BMI), year of duty, chest x ray and mask.

Method: We evaluated 112 traffic police personel.Subject of this study were interviewed to identify the clinical sign. Physical examination, pulmonary function test, chest x ray, measurement CO level by using CO smoker analyzer and air pollutant level were done. Result: Nineteen from 112 police personel have decrease of PFT. Fourteen (13%) police was indicated mild restriction to the lung expansion and 5 (4%) police mild obstruction. Total Suspended Particle (TSP) was 478,8 ug/Nm3 higher than normal limit 230 ug/Nm3. Weight and height were measure to calculate the Body Mass Index (BMI), we found that most of police personel have overweight and obese. Sixty percent of police were active smoker. All of the X ray in normal limit.

Conclusion: There was decrease in PFT in 19% of police personel. These indicate mild restriction and mild obstruction. There are significant correlation between age and PFT. There was no significant correlation between smoking habit, protection mask, CO level, level of air pollution, year of duty and pulmonary function test."

"Fungsi paru bayi pada usia awal kehidupan dapat memprediksi penyakit pernapasan dan perkembangan fungsi paru di kemudian hari. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui karakteristik fungsi paru pada bayi di Indonesia dan membandingkannya dengan populasi di negara barat. Penelitian potong lintang dilaksanakan di RS Budi Kemuliaan, Jakarta. Dengan menggunakan automated single occlusion technique, peneliti mengukur fungsi paru pada 124 bayi. Data komplians (Crs) dan resistensi (Rrs) total dari sistem pernapasan kemudian dibandingkan dengan data dari studi WHISTLER di Belanda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa selain faktor usia, berat badan, dan panjang badan, polusi udara juga merupakan faktor determinan penting pada fungsi paru bayi di Indonesia.

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Infant lung function in early life can predict respiratory disease and later lung development. We aimed to understand the characteristics of lung function in Indonesian healthy infant and to compare these with a Western population. We performed a cross-sectional study in Budi Kemuliaan Hospital in Jakarta. Using the automated single occlusion technique we measured lung function in 124 infants. The data of compliance (Crs) and resistance (Rrs) of the respiratory system were compared with data from the WHISTLER study in Neatherlands. Our results suggest that besides age, weight and height, air pollution is an important determinant of infant lung function in Indonesian children."

"Latar Belakang : Pekerja di manufaktur sepatu setiap harinya terpajan beragam hazard. Salah satu pajanan adalah pelarut organik. berbagai penelitian melaporkan hubungan yang kuat antara pajanan pelarut organik dengan gangguan fungsi paru obstruksi dan restriksi. Namun belum banyak studi dilakukan untuk mempelajari antara hubungan antara pajanan pelarut organik di manufaktur sepatu dengan faktor-faktor risiko dan gejala klinis gangguan fungsi paru. Metode : Desain potong lintang melibatkan 134 subyek, Cementing n=67 dan stockfit n=67. Pada bagian cementing terpajan pelarut Aseton, bagian stockfit oleh campuran pelarut Aseton dan klorin. Seluruh subyek dilakukan pemeriksaan fungsi paru dengan menggunakan spirometer menilai KVP dan VEP1/KVP. Subyek dilakukan interview untuk mengetahui gejala klinis, riwayat penyakit dahulu dan riwayat pekerjaan. Kadar pelarut organik di kedua tempat diukur. Analisis statistik menggunakan Chi square dengan p0,05. Multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik metode enter. Hasil : Didapatkan 23 orang (17%) mengalami gangguan fungsi paru testriksi. Tidak ada hubungan bermakna antara pejalan pelarut organik, faktor-faktor risiko demografi dan okupasi dengan gejala klinis gangguan fungsi paru restriksi (p>-.05) /disebabkan masa kerja < 10 tahun. Proporsi subyek dengan gejala bronkitis kronik, di cementing 40.3%, stockfit 62.7%. analisis chi-square menegaskan adanya hubungan bermakna. Di bagian cementing, diperoleh hasil berikut, faktor risiko umur (p < 0.015), masa kerja (p < 0.05), dan total kumulatif pajanan p < 0.05). Dan hasil uji regresi logistik didapat bahwa di bagian cementing, masa kerja faktor risiko dominan terhadap gejala bronkitis kronik p. Kesimpulan : Dari studi dapat disimpulkan bahwa pajanan pelarut organik mengakibatkan gejala klinis bronkitis kronik yang berhubungan dengan faktor risiko usia, masa kerja, dan total kumulatif pajanan. Tidak ada hubungan bermakna antara panajan pelarut organik terhadap gangguan fungsi paru. Perlu langkah preventif guna mencegah berkembangnya gejala bronkitis kronik menjadi gangguan fungsi paru. Dilakukan dengan pemakaian alat pelindung diri sesuai dengan pajanan kimia dan pemasangan local exhaust.

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Background : Depending on the kinds of production sites, Shoe factory workers are exposed to many kinds of occupational hazards with one of them being exposure to organic solvent. Organic solvent exposure has been reported to have adverse pulmonary effects including obstructive and restrictive pulmonary diseases. The study aimed to investigate association between organic solvent exposure, risk factor, and clinical symptoms of pulmonary functions impairment among shoe factory workers.

Methods : Cross sectional study group consist of 134 workers in two different production parts i.e cementing n 67 and stockfit n 67. Subjects works in cementing part were exposed to aceton, while in stockfit to a combination of aceton and chlorine. To all subjecs, pulmonary functions testing including measurement of FVC and FEV1 FVC Value were perfomed asking about clinical symptoms and the histories of both their health and work records. Statistic analysis using Chi square p,0,05 and logistic regretion for multivariate.

Result : All of subject, 23 17 suffered from restrictive diseases. However bivariate analysis using chi square did not show significant correlation between organic solvent exposure, demografic risk factors, clinical symptoms and restrictive lung diseases p 0.05. This probably due to the short work duration of the subject 10 years. Despite this observation, it is important to note that the study strongly identified chronic bronchitis symptoms among workers in both cementing 40.3 and in stockfit 62.7. Furthermore chi square analysis showed significant correlation between risk factors and chronic bronchitis symptoms in both places. in cementing, it was observed that age (p < 0.05), work duration (p < 0.05) and total cumulative exposure (p < 0.015) were significantly contributed to the symtoms. Whereas in stockfit, the risk factors were as follows, work duration (p < 0.05) and total cumulative exposure (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that in cementing, work duration was observed to be the greatest risk factor to the bronchitis related-symtoms, p < 0.008, OR 12.100 and CI95% (1.92-76.23, whereas in stockfit, total cumulative exposure was associated the most with the symtoms p0.039 OR 6.667 CI95% )1.099-40.434).

Conclusions : The result from the present studi indicate that occupational exposure to organic solvent has significant association with clinical symtoms related to chronic bronchitis. Risk factors sucs as age, work duration, and total cumulative exposure are observed to contribute to the symtoms. However, exposure to organic solben did not significantly caused lung function disorger. Preventions are required to avoid the clinical symtoms develope into pulmonary impairment, such as the use personal protection equipment and local exhaust apparatus."