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"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai tiga hal utama yakni: pemikiran perihal kesesuaian konsep jual beli satuan rumah susun menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2011 Tentang Rumah Susun dengan ketentuan hukum tanah nasional, keabsahan Perjanjian Pengikatan Jual Beli Satuan Rumah Susun yang dibuat sebelum ketentuan Pasal 43 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2011 Tentang Rumah Susun terpenuhi (studi pada Perjanjian Pengikatan Jual Beli Unit Apartemen XYZ), dan perlindungan hukum terhadap calon pembeli apabila Perjanjian Pengikatan Jual Beli Satuan Rumah Susun adalah batal demi hukum. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis-normatif dengan menggunakan analisis kualitatif atas data sekunder. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) Konsep jual beli satuan rumah susun dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2011 Tentang Rumah Susun tidak sesuai dengan konsep jual beli menurut ketentuan hukum tanah nasional. Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2011 Tentang Rumah Susun menyiratkan adanya dua macam jual beli satuan rumah susun: jual beli sebelum pembangunan rumah susun selesai dan jual beli setelah pembangunan rumah susun selesai. Dalam ketentuan hukum tanah nasional hanya dikenal jual beli setelah pembangunan rumah susun selesai; (2) Perjanjian Pengikatan Jual Beli Unit Apartemen XYZ adalah batal demi hukum karena melanggar syarat obyektif perjanjian yakni sebab yang halal; (3) Doktrin quasi-contract dapat berperan sebagai mekanisme atas tindakan unjust enrichment sebagai sebuah penyebab yang dilakukan oleh pelaku pembangunan dan memberikan restitusi kepada pihak calon pembeli sebagai bentuk pemulihan keadaan dalam hal Perjanjian Pengikatan Jual Beli Satuan Rumah Susun batal demi hukum.

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This Thesis reviews three main things: a thought on compatibility about the concept of condominium unit's sale and purchase in Law Number 20 Year 2011 regarding Condominium with the national land law, the validity of Condominium Unit's Preliminary Sale and Purchase Agreement which is made before the requirements in Article 43 (1) Law Number 20 Year 2011 regarding Condominium are fulfilled (study in XYZ Apartment Unit's Preliminary Sale and Purchase Agreement), and the legal protection towards the buyer if the Condominium Unit's Preliminary Sale and Purchase Agreement is null and void. This research is a normative legal research with qualitative analysis on secondary data.

The results of this research are: (1) the concept of condominium unit's sale and purchase in Law Number 20 Year 2011 regarding Condominium is not compatible with the concept of sale and purchase in the national land law. Law Number 20 Year 2011 regarding Condominium implies two types of condominium unit's sale and purchase: sale and purchase before the condominium's development is done and sale and purchase after the condominium's development is done.

In the national land law, only the sale and purchase after the condominium's development is done that is known; (2) The XYZ Apartment Unit's Preliminary Sale and Purchase Agreement is null and void because it breaks an agreement's objective requirement: a legal purpose; (3) Quasi-contract doctrine can take part as the mechanism on unjust enrichment as a cause of action which is done by the developer and gives restitution towards the buyer as a form of remedy if Condominium Unit's Sale and Purchase Agreement is null and void."

"Skripsi ini membahas tentang sengketa jual beli tanah dan bangunan yang dilakukan dengan perjanjian jual beli dibawah tangan. Di dalamnya akan dibahas mengenaikeabsahan dan kekuatan mengikat dari suatu perjanjian jual beli tanah dan bangunan yang dilakukan dengan perjanjian jual beli dibawah tangan. Selain itu, dalam skripsi ini juga akan dibahas bagaimana suatu dalil perbuatan melawan hukum dapat digunakan untuk mengajukan gugatan terhadap sengketa yang lahir karena suatu perjanjian dimana dalam hal ini diterapkan pada sengketa jual beli tanah dan bangunan. Untuk lebih memahami penerapan gugatan perbuatan melawan hukum ini, maka akan dianalisa putusan dari sengketa jual beli tanah dan bangunan yang digugat dengan perbuatan melawan hukum. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian yuridis-normatif, yaitu penelitian dengan lebih mengutamakan data sekunder, khususnya terhadap bahan hukum primer berupa putusan pengadilan.

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This thesis discusses the dispute over private deed on the sale and purchase of land and buildings agreement. In thesis will be discussed regarding the validity and binding force of a contract of private deed on sale and purchase of land and buildings agreement. Moreover, this thesis will also discuss how a proposition of unlawful act can be used to file a lawsuit against the dispute, which was born as an agreement where in this case applied to disputes on sale and puchase of land and buildings. To better understand the application of this unlawful act suit is by analyzing the court decision on sale and purchase of land and buildings disputes which sued by the unlawful act suit. This research is a juridical-normative that prioritize research with secondary data, especially on prime legal materials in the form of a court decision."

"Power Purchase Agreement ldquo;PPA rdquo; yaitu perjanjian jual beli dengan klausul baku dimana calon penjual diwajibkan untuk mematuhi isi PPA dan tidak ada tawar menawar terhadap ketentuan isi pasal yang tercantum dalam PPA. Standar baku PPA ini yang akan ditelaah lebih lanjut apakah merugikan salah satu pihak karena kedudukan pihak yang satu lebih kuat daripada kedudukan pihak yang lainnya dan sebagainya. Para pihak dalam PPA yaitu PLN sebagai pembeli listrik dan IPP sebagai penjual listrik. Tesis ini membahas asas keseimbangan dalam Power Purchase Agreement PPA dengan memfokuskan analisis kepada pelaksanaan asas keseimbangan hak dan kewajiban antara PT. Perusahaan Listrik Negara Persero dengan Independent Power Producer dalam Perjanjian Jual Beli Listrik. Penulisan ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif. Berdadasarkan hasil penelitian pengaturan klausula baku Power Purchase Agreement belum memenuhi asas keseimbangan karena IPP harus menanggung resiko dalam tahap Financing period, Mobilization period. Construction period dan operation and maintenance period. Hasil penelitian menyarankan bahwa perlu adanya penerapan terhadap Peraturan Menteri dan Energi Sumber Daya Mineral Republik Indonesia Nomor 10 Tahun 2017 tentang tentang Pokok-Pokok dalam Perjanjian Jual Beli agar kedudukan PLN dan IPP sama kuat.

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Power Purchase Agreement PPA is a sale and purchase agreement with a standard clause whereby the prospective seller is required to comply with the content of PPA and there is no bargaining against the terms of the contents of the article contained in the PPA. This raw standard of PPA which will be further examined whether harming one party because one party 39 s position is stronger than the position of the other party and so on. The parties in PPA are PLN as the buyer of electricity and IPP as electricity seller.

The focus of this thesis discusses the balance of rights and obligations reflected in power purchase agreement with focus on the implementation of balance principle rights and obligations between PT. Perusahaan Listrik Negara Persero with Independent Power Producer in the power purchase agreement. This research is use normative juridical research methods.

Based on the result of the research, the clause of Power Purchase Agreement has not fulfilled the balance principle because the IPP must bear the risk in the stage of Financing period, Mobilization period, Construction period and operation and maintenance period.

The results of the research suggest that the application of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources of the Republic of Indonesia No. 10 of 2017 on the Principles in the Power Purchase Agreement so that position of PLN and IPP is equal. "

"Pembangunan rumah susun menjadi alternative solusi permasalahan perumah di Indonesia di tengah-tengah kebutuhan tempat tinggal yang semakin meningkat. Salah satu aspek penting dalam rumah susun adalah perolehannya yang saat ini dapat dilakukan saat fisik bangunan rumah susun tersebut belum terbangun (pre-project selling) Mengantisipasi perkembangan dan kebutuhan tersebut, Pemerintah menerbitkan Peraturan Menteri PUPR No. 11/PRT/M/2019 tentang Sistem Perjanjian Pendahuluan Jual Beli Rumah. Namun, berbagai kalangan menganggap aturan tersebut tidak adil bagi pengembang. Aturan yang dianggap tidak adil dalam aturan tersebut adalah antara lain (1) ketentuan mengenai pemasaran yang membebankan tanggung jawab penuh kepada pengembang terhadpa informasi yang disampaikan oleh agen pemsaran; (2) Pengembang wajib mengembalikan seluruh pembayaran dengan potongan 10% kepada konsumen. Dikarenakan aturan tersebut, kemudian timbul persoalan mengenai kesetaraan pengembang dan konsumen rumah susun dalam jual beli satuan rumah susun.

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The development of Apartment across Indonesia has been an alternate solution amidst housing problems in Indonesia. One of the key aspects in Apartment subject is the provision of apartment which for the time being may be procured before the physical of apartment even exists (pre project selling). In consideration of the above complexities and development, the Government of Indonesia enacted Minister of General Construction and People Housing Regulation Number No. 11/PRT/M/2019. However, the promulgation has attracted critcicsm due to the provisin contained in the regulation doesnt reflect the equality or fairness for the developer. Some of the provision being criticized are (1) provision for developer to fully take responsibility for every marketing activity conducted by external marketing agen; (2) Developer shall return full payment with deduction of 10% in case of cancellation by consumer. Nothwithstanding the provision, questions are raised on the equality between developer and consumer in apartment transaction."

"Perjanjian Pengikatan Jual Beli merupakan perjanjian pendahuluan yang berisikan janji yang harus dipenuhi oleh para pihak sebelum dapat dilaksanakannya jual beli. Dalam praktik, terdapat perjanjian pengikatan jual beli yang tak kunjung dibuat akta jual beli hingga pihak penjual yakni PT. ASCO dinyatakan pailit dan objek dalam perjanjian pengikatan jual beli ditetapkan sebagai boedel pailit PT. ASCO sebagaimana Putusan No. 1245 K/Pdt.Sus-Pailit/2020 dan Putusan No. 15/Pdt.Sus-Gugatanlain-lain/2020/PN.Niaga.Jkt.Pst. Dalam putusan a quo terdapat perbedaan dalam majelis hakim menilai kedudukan hukum perjanjian pengikatan jual beli yang juga berimplikasi pada perbedaan implementasi ketentuan Pasal 34 Undang-undang Nomor 37 Tahun 2004 tentang Kepailitan dan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang. Penelitian ini mengkaji kedudukan hukum perjanjian pengikatan jual beli hak atas tanah yang dimasukkan ke dalam boedel pailit serta implementasi ketentuan Pasal 34 Undang-undang Nomor 37 Tahun 2004. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah yuridis normatif dan bentuk penelitian eksplanatoris. Berdasarkan Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Perdata dan Hukum Pertanahan, peralihan hak atas tanah dibuktikan dengan akta jual beli yang dibuat dihadapan pejabat pembuat akta tanah. Namun berdasarkan angka 7 Surat Edaran Mahkamah Agung Nomor 4 Tahun 2016, peralihan hak atas tanah secara hukum berdasarkan perjanjian pengikatan jual beli telah terjadi apabila objek jual beli telah dibayar lunas, objek telah dikuasai dan pembeli beritikad baik. Dalam kedua putusan a quo perjanjian pengikatan jual beli telah menunjukkan terjadinya peralihan hak atas objek sengketa sehingga Pasal 34 Undang-undang Nomor 37 Tahun 2004 tidak tepat diterapkan dalam Putusan No. 15/Pdt.Sus-Gugatanlain-lain/2020/PN.Niaga.Jkt.Pst sehingga sudah seharusnya dikeluarkan dari boedel pailit PT. ASCO.

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Sale and Purchase Agreement is a preliminary agreement that contains promises that must be fulfilled by the parties before the sale and purchase can be carried out. In practice, there is a case of Sale and Purchase Agreement which has never been made into a Deed of Sale until the seller, namely PT. ASCO is declared bankrupt and the object in the Sale and Purchase Agreement is determined as a boedel bankruptcy of PT. ASCO, which causes losses to the buyer as stated in Decision No. 1245 K/Pdt.Sus-Pailit/2020 and Decision No. 15/Pdt.Sus-Gugatan Lain-Lain/2020/PN.Niaga.Jkt.Pst. As for the two a quo decisions, the panel of judges have different assessments regarding the legal position of the Sale and Purchase Agreement which resulted in a different implementation of Article 34 of the Law Number 37 Year 2004 regarding Bankruptcy and Suspension of Obligation for Payment of Debts. In this regard, this case study will examine further the legal position of Sale and Purchase Agreement which is included in the bankruptcy boedel as well as the implementation of Article 34 of the Law Number 37 Year 2004 on the legal position of Sale and Purchase Agreement which is included in the boedel bankruptcy. The research method used is normative juridical and explanatory research. The results of the case study are that in the Civil Code and Land Law basically, Sale and Purchase Agreement is not evidencing that there has been a transfer of land rights because the transfer of land rights can only be proven by the existence of a Deed of Sale made before a landed officer. However, based on number 7 of Supreme Court Circular Letter Number 4 of 2016, the transfer of land rights based on Sale and Purchase Agreement has occurred if the buyer has paid in full the object of sale and purchase, the object has been possessed by the buyer and the buyer obtained the land rights based on good faith. In both a quo decisions, the provisions in both a quo cases has shown a transfer of rights of the object of dispute and therefore Article 34 of the Law Number 37 Year 2004 should not be applied in Decision No. 15/Pdt.Sus-Gugatan Lain-Lain/2020/PN.Niaga.Jkt.Pst because the element of having the intention to transfer rights in Article 34 of the Law Number 37 Year 2004 has been exceeded since the transfer of rights of the Object of Dispute has been completed before PT. ASCO was declared bankrupt so it should have been removed from the bankruptcy boedel of PT. ASCO."

"Keberadaan lembaga notaris dilandasi oleh kebutuhan masyarakat dalam membuat akta otentik. Sebagaimana Pasal 15 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2014 Tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2004 Tentang Jabatan Notaris, akta otentik yang diterbitkan notaris memberikan jaminan kepastian hukum. Dalam Pasal 1868 KUHPerdata dikatakan bahwa akta otentik ialah suatu akta yang di dalam bentuk yang ditentukan oleh undang-undang, dibuat oleh atau dihadapan pegawai-pegawai umum yang berkuasa untuk itu di tempat dimana akta dibuatnya. Fungsi akta otentik merupakan alat bukti yang sempurna di pengadilan. Konsekuensi yuridisnya adalah setiap akta otentik yang dibuat oleh notaris harus dianggap akta yang sah sepanjang tidak ada pihak lain yang membuktikan sebaliknya. Pada praktiknya masih ditemukan adanya salinan akta yang dibuat notaris tanpa adanya minuta akta. Berdasarkan pasal 16 ayat (1) huruf b Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2014 Tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2004 Tentang Jabatan Notaris, notaris wajib membuat minuta akta dan menyimpannya sebagai protokol notaris. Dalam hal ini, pihak yang dirugikan dalam pembuatan salinan akta tanpa adanya minuta akta dapat meminta pertanggungjawaban kepada notaris secara administratif, perdata maupun pidana. Permasalahan tersebut menyebabkan penulis tertarik untuk meneliti lebih lanjut mengenai permasalahan pembuatan salinan akta pengikatan jual beli tanpa adanya minuta akta dengan menggunakan penelitian yuridis normatif dan pendekatan deskriptif analitis dengan metode penelitian kepustakaan untuk kemudian menghasilkan data kualitatif.

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The existence of notary institution is based on the needs of the community in making authentic deeds. As in Article 15 paragraph (1) of Law Number 2 Year 2014 concerning Amendments of Law Number 30 Year 2004 concerning the Position of Notary Public, an authentic deed issued by a notary provides guarantee of legal certainty. In Article 1868 of the Civil Code, it is stated that an authentic deed is a deed which is in the form determined by law, made by or in front of public officials who are in power for it at the place where the deed was made. The function of an authentic deed is perfect evidence in court. The juridical consequence is that every authentic deed made by a notary must be considered a valid deed as long as no other party proves otherwise. In practice, there are founded notary made copies of deeds without a minute deed. Based on article 16 paragraph (1) of Law Number 2 Year 2014 concerning Amendments of Law Number 30 Year 2004 concerning the Position of Notary Public, notaries are obliged to make a minute deed and keep it as a notary protocol. In this case, the party who is aggrieved in order to making copy of deed without minute deed by notary may ask the responsibility of notary either administrative, civil and criminal responsibility. These problems caused the authors interested in further research on the problem of making copy of sale and purchase binding deeds without any minute deeds using normative juridical research and analytical descriptive approaches with library research methods which produce qualitative data."

"Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, menyetujui untuk memberikan kepada Universitas Indonesia Hak Bebas Royalti Non Eksklusif (non-exclusive Royalty- Free Right) atas karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul: PEMBATALAN PERJANJIAN PENGIKATAN JUAL BELI DI BAWAH TANGAN TERKAIT PEMENUHAN SYARAT SUBYEKTIF BERDASARKAN PUTUSAN PENGADILAN NEGERI MALANG NOMOR 12/PDT.G/2017/PN MLG. Beserta perangkat yang ada (jika diperlukan). Dengan Hak Bebas Royalti Non Eksklusif ini Universitas Indonesia berhak menyimpan, mengalihmedia/format-kan, mengelola dalam bentuk pangkalan data (database), merawat, dan memublikasikan tugas akhir saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai penulis/pencipta dan sebagai pemilik Hak Cipta.

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The Sale and Purchase Agreement as a preliminary agreement because the sale and purchase cannot be carried out due to certain reasons. The implementation of an agreement is a mutual legal action that requires the cooperation of two or more parties to bring the legal consequences. This research discusses the fulfillment of the subjective requirements of the Underhand Sale and Purchase Binding Agreement based on the decision of the Malang District Court Number 12/PDT.G/2017/PN MLG. The research in this thesis is a normative juridical study using descriptive typology using secondary data consisting of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. This research uses a descriptive data analysis method with a qualitative approach. The result of this research is an agreement that made based on the provisions of the Civil Code, the first requirement of the agreement is regarding the deal. Some case that must be considered as the requirement for an agreement that can be canceled are the non fulfillment of subjective conditions due to fraud, where fraud is always considered as a condition that can be canceled in an agreement. Prosecution of cancellation must be carried out through the court therefore it is the judge's decision to cancel the agreement. Based on Article 1321 of the Civil Code, no agreement has the power if it is given because of a mistake or obtained by coercion or fraud."

"Sebelum tahun 2012 saat dikeluarkannya Peraturan Kepala Badan Pertanahan Nasional Nomor 8 tahun 2012 tentang Perubahan Peraturan Menteri Negara Agraria/Kepala Badan Pertanahan Nasional Republik Indonesia Nomor 3 tahun 1997 tentang Ketentuan Pelaksanaan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 24 Tahun 1997 Tentang Pendaftaran Tanah, transaksi jual beli tanah dilakukan dengan menggunakan blanko akta jual beli. Tesis ini membahas mengenai praktik pembuatan akta jual beli bengan blanko kosong terkait dengan status tanah yang belum dipecah, berdasarkan putusan Pengadilan Tinggi Jawa Barat Nomor 570/PDT/2016/PT.BDG. Permasalahan yang diangkat ialah mengenai keabsahan pembuatan Akta Jual Beli, akibat hukum dari pembuatan akta jual beli dengan blanko kosong, dan tanggung jawab PPAT terhadap akta jual beli yang dibuat dengan blanko kosong dalam Putusan Pengadilan Tinggi Jawa Barat Nomor 570/Pdt/2016/PT.BDG. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan tesis ini adalah yuridis-normatif yaitu menggunakan data primer berupa peraturan perundang-undangan dan literatur-literatur terkait dan melakukan studi kepustakaan dan studi dokumen yang terkait dengan kasus yang diangkat dalam tesis ini. Hasil penelitian kemudian menyimpulkan bahwa pembuatan akta jual beli dengan blanko kosong ialah tidak sah berdasarkan undang-undang, akibat hukum dari akta jual beli dengan blanko kosong ialah dapat dibatalkan (vernietigbaar), dan terhadap PPAT yang membuat akta jual beli dengan blanko kosong akta jual beli dalam Putusan Pengadilan Tinggi Jawa Barat Nomor 570/Pdt/2016/PT.BDG dikenakan hukuman baik secara perdata maupun secara administrasi.

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Prior to 2012 whereas the issuance of Regulation of the Head of the National Land Agency Number 8 of 2012 concerning Amendment to the Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs/Head of the National Land Agency of the Republic of Indonesia Number 3 of 1997 concerning Provisions for Implementing Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 Concerning Land Registration, land sale and purchase transactions were carried out using form of sale and purchase deeds. This thesis discusses the practice of making a sale and purchase agreement with blank forms related to the status of land that has not been divided, based on the decision of the West Java High Court Number 570/PDT/2016/PT.BDG. The raised issues are regarding the validity of the Deed of Sale and Purchase, the legal consequences of making the sale and purchase deed with a blank form, and the responsibility of the PPAT for the sale and purchase deed which made upon a blank form based on the West Java High Court Decree Number 570/Pdt/2016/PT.BDG. Analysis in the writing of this thesis conducted in the form of juridical-normative that is using primary data based on related literatures and document studies related to the case in this thesis. The results of the study concluded that the making of a sale deed made with a blank form is illegitimate based on the law, the legal consequences of the sale deed with a blank form can be canceled (vernietigbaar), and against the PPAT who made a sale deed with a blank purchase deed based on the Decree of the West Java High Court Number 570/Pdt/2016/PT.BDG may be subject to punishment both by civil and administrative law."