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"Makalah non skripsi ini menjelaskan mengenai cara negara Indonesia menghadapi dan bereaksi terhadap krisis ekonomi global dari periode pra-resesi dan bagaimana mereka sedang berurusan dengan itu. Argumen telah dipersempit kesejarah Negara dan bagaimana memiliki dan masih bereaksi terhadap krisis. Ukuran dari negara, penduduk dan bagai mana menopang atau mendorong pertumbuhan juga dimasukkan kedalam pertimbangan. Akhirnya, makalah ini juga berurusan dengan kerentanan dan bagaimana mereka akan bangkit kembali, tidak melupakan ketidak seimbangan ekonomi selama periode pra-resesi dimana di awal krisis Indonesia dibawa oleh krisis yang membuat negara begitu rentan dalam krisis saat ini.

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This paper has dealt with the way Indonesia has been reacting to the global economic crisis from the period of pre-recession and how they are currently dealing with it. The arguments have been narrowed down to the history of the country and how it has and is still reacting to the crisis. The size of the country, its population and how it sustains or fosters its growth were also put into consideration. Finally, the paper also dealt with its vulnerabilities and how they are likely to recover, not forgetting the economic imbalances during the prerecession period where in the onset of the crisis Indonesia was taken by crisis which made it so vulnerable in the current crunch. All these have been highlighted interchangeably."

"Kajian ini membahas dampak dari Pandemi Covid-19 terhadap perekonomian Indonesia. Kondisi ini harus segera diantisipasi, karena akan menimbulkan resesi ekonomi dan krisis pangan. Indikasi ini dilihat dari pertumbuhan ekonomi yang mengalami minus 5,32% pada Triwulan II, 2020. Untuk mengantisipasi terjadinya resesi ekonomi dan krisis pangan, pemerintah Indonesia telah mengambil kebijakan antara lain melalui Perppu dan Perpres. Studi ini bertujuan mengkaji kebijakan yang perlu dilakukan pemerintah untuk mencegah resesi ekonomi dan krisis pangan dalam negeri di masa pandemi Covid-19. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan fiskal dan non-fiskal yang ditetapkan pemerintah tidak boleh hanya difokuskan pada upaya pemulihan ekonomi semata, tetapi juga mutlak perlu memperhatikan ketahanan pangan selama masa pandemi Covid-19. Untuk itu, perlu ditingkatkan produksi pangan terutama beras untuk mengurangi impor antara lain melalui pengembangan lumbung padi desa. Dalam mengatasi Covid-19 dan pemulihan ekonomi nasional, kebijakan pemerintah jangan kontradiktif. Dalam hal ini DPR memiliki peran dalam merumuskan kebijakan agar perekonomian nasional tidak terjebak dalam resesi ekonomi dan krisis pangan."

"ABSTRACTLatar Belakang: Parafunctional habit (clenching dan bruxism) menurunkan kualitas hidup melalui atrisi, abfraksi, dan resesi gingiva. Penelitian mengenai hal tersebut belum pernah dilakukan di Indonesia. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui distribusi atrisi, abfraksi, dan resesi gingiva pada pasien dengan parafunctional habit. Metode: Penelitian deskriptif menggunakan data sekunder dari 70 rekam medis periodonsia subjek parafunctional habit di RSKGM FKG UI periode 2013-2017. Hasil: Distribusi terbanyak ditemukan pada subjek parafunctional habit dengan atrisi (50%), dan diikuti atrisi dan abfraksi (32,86%). Distribusi atrisi tertinggi pada subjek clenching terlihat di gigi 31, 32, dan 42 (1,23%), dan pada subjek bruxism di gigi 42 (5,31%). Distribusi abfraksi tertinggi pada subjek clenching terlihat di gigi 14 dan 15 (1,04%), dan pada subjek bruxism di gigi 14 dan 24 (7,25%). Mayoritas subjek parafunctional habit mengalami resesi gingiva (87,14%). Resesi gingiva akibat clenching (42,55%) dan bruxism (30,47%) sering terjadi pada sisi bukal. Resesi gingiva tertinggi pada subjek clenching ditemukan pada gigi 42 (8,51%), sedangkan pada subjek bruxism ditemukan pada gigi 41 (5,5%). Kesimpulan: Subjek parafunctional habit yang mengalami atrisi sebanyak 50%, atrisi dan abfraksi sebanyak 32,86%, dan resesi gingiva sebanyak 87,14%.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Parafunctional habit (clenching and bruxism) decreases quality of life through attrition, abfraction, and gingival recession. No study has evaluated about the problem in Indonesia. Objective: Evaluate distribution of attrition, abfraction, and gingival recession in subjects with parafunctional habit. Methods: A descriptive study using secondary data from 70 periodontal medical records of parafunctional habit subjects in RSKGM FKG UI 2013-2017. Result: Highest distribution was found in parafunctional habit subjects with attrition (50%), followed by attrition and abfraction (32.86%). Highest attrition distribution was seen in tooth 31, 32, and 42 (1.23%) of clenching subjects, and tooth 42 (5.31%) of bruxism subjects. Highest abfraction distribution was found in tooth 14 and 15 (1.04%) of clenching subjects, tooth 14 and 24 (7.25%) of bruxism subjects. Majority of parafunctional habit subjects got gingival recession (87.14%). Gingival recession from clenching (42.55%) and bruxism (30.47%) often occurred at buccal site of teeth. Highest gingival recession was found in tooth 42 (8,.51%) of clenching subjects, and tooth 41 (5.5%) of bruxism subjects. Conclusion: Parafunctional habit subjects experiencing attrition were about 50%, attrition and abfraction were about 32.86%, and gingival recession were about 87.14%."

"Latar Belakang: Connective Tissue Graft (CTG) yang menjadi standar baku emas perawatan resesi gingiva memiliki tingkat kesulitan perawatan yang cukup tinggi, serta menimbulkan rasa cemas dan ketidaknyamanan pada pasien. Hidrogel gelatin banyak dikembangkan dalam bidang tissue engineering karena memiliki sifat yang menyerupai matriks ekstraseluler jaringan tubuh. Hidrogel gelatin masih memiliki kekurangan dalam hal sifat mekanisnya, sehingga perlu dilakukan crosslinking secara kimia untuk meningkatkan potensinya sebagai scaffold regenerasi gingiva. Tujuan: Mengevaluasi efek agen crosslinker EDC pada hidrogel gelatin sebagai scaffold regenerasi gingiva. Metode: Pembuatan hidrogel gelatin dilakukan menggunakan bubuk gelatin bovine, sedangkan agen crosslinker yang digunakan adalah 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3’-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) yang dikominasikan dengan N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS). Uji porositas, swelling, dan biodegradasi dilakukan secara in-vitro dan ditriplikasi. Hasil: Penambahan agen crosslinker EDC menurunkan nilai porositas hidrogel gelatin menjadi 89,52%, menurunkan laju swelling, serta menahan biodegradasi hidrogel gelatin menjadi 92,43% pada hari ke-14. Kesimpulan: Agen crosslinker EDC memiliki efek yang dapat membuat struktur serta sifat mekanis scaffold menjadi lebih ideal untuk digunakan sebagai agen regenerasi gingiva.

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Background: Connctive Tissue Graft (CTG), the gold standard treatment for gingival recession, often results in increased patient morbidity. Gelatin-based hydrogel has been extensively explored as a biomaterial for tissue engineering, mimicking the extracellular matrix of host tissue. However, the mechanical strength of this biomaterial requires enhancement to make it an ideal scaffold for gingival regeneration. Aim: Evaluate the effect of EDC as crosslinking agents on gelatin-based hydrogel as a scaffold for gingival regeneration. Methods: Gelatin hydrogels were prepared using bovine gelatin powder, and the crosslinker composed of a combination of 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS). In-vitro tests, such as porosity, swelling, and biodegradation, were conducted in triplicate for all samples. Results: Gelatin hydrogels with added EDC as crosslinking agents showed a reduction of porosity by 89.52% (p<0.05), decrease in swelling ratio (p<0.05), and retained hydrogel biodegradation rate to 92,43% (p<0.05) on day-14th. Conclusion: EDC demonstrated the ability to improve the structural and mechanical strength of the scaffold, making it more suitable as a gingival regenerative agent."

"Resesi merupakan bagian dari siklus ekonomi yang terjadi dalam suatu periode waktu tertentu. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi efek volatility spillover pada periode pandemi COVID-19 yang terjadi pada tahun 2020 dengan menggunakan data indeks pasar saham negara-negara AS dan ASEAN: Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapura, Thailand, dan Filipina. Investigasi pada periode krisis 2008 juga diinvestigasi untuk dianalisa perbedaan keduanya. Dalam penelitian ini model BEKK-MGARCH digunakan untuk menganalisis efek spillover volatilitas antar indeks saham. Kausalitas Granger juga diselidiki untuk memahami arus kausalitas antar pasar saham. Hasilnya tidak jauh berbeda dengan penelitian sebelumnya dari Vo (2020), dimana semua pasar saham ASEAN kecuali Filipina terkena dampak volatilitas spillover oleh pasar AS. Dari kedua periode, secara umum, masing-masing indeks ASEAN juga memberikan pengaruh volatilitas ke indeks ASEAN lainnya secara bidirectional, dengan indeks JKSE dan KLSE yang volatilitasnya paling terintegrasi dengan indeks lainnya dan indeks PSE yang paling sedikit terintegrasi.

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Recession is part of the economic cycle that occurs in a certain period of time. This article aims to investigate the effects of volatility spillover in COVID-19 pandemic that occurred in 2020 using stock market index data from the US and ASEAN countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and the Philippines. investigations during the 2008 crisis period were also investigated to analyze the differences between the two. In this study, the BEKK-MGARCH model was used to analyze the spillover effect of volatility between stock indices. Granger causality was also investigated to understand the flow of causality between stock markets. The results are not much different from previous research from Vo (2020), where all ASEAN stock markets except the Philippines were affected by the volatility spillover by the US market. From the two periods, in general, each ASEAN index also gives a bidirectional influence of volatility to other ASEAN indices, with the JKSE and KLSE indices having the most volatility integrated with other indices and the PSE index being the least integrated."

"Alan Greenspan, the then Chairman of the US Federal Reserve, was reported in 1997 to have studied men’s underwear sales, to provide an early warning for recession in the US economy. Since then many economics editors have written about men’s underwear sales and a Men’s Underwear Index, to support their views on the future direction of the economy; and the OECD use a basket of indicators to forecast the world economy (OECD, 2008). This paper explores the theory and its empirical robustness for 57 countries. There is some limited statistical evidence that sales of men’s underwear might be an indicator of the US economy, or more precisely of looming recession. But the relationship is far from clear; therefore as an indicator it should be approached with extreme caution. Certainly more detailed and robust investigation is required. Looking across a further 56 counties, men’s underwear sales appear to be unrelated to the economy as a whole, seeming to behave as a basic commodity. However, for Armenia, Ecuador and Kuwait, there may be some validity in understanding the relationship further."

"Latar belakang: Crossbite merupakan salah satu maloklusi yang sering ditemukan di masyarakat. Crossbite dapat menyebabkan trauma oklusi yang dapat memperberat penyakit periodontal. Masih jarang dijumpai penelitian yang langsung menghubungkan pengaruh crossbite terhadap jaringan periodontal. Tujuan penelitian: Menganalisis hubungan crossbite dengan status periodontal. Metode: Penelitian cross-sectional pada 68 subjek normalbite dan 68 subjek crossbite menggunakan data kartu status rekam medik Klinik Integrasi RSKGM FKG UI tahun kunjungan 20010-2015. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney. Hasil: Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna p>0,05 rerata resesi gingiva, kehilangan perlekatan, dan perdarahan gingiva pada subjek normalbite dibandingkan dengan subjek crossbite. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna.

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Background: Crossbite is one of the most common malocclusion found in the society. Crossbite is a potential cause of trauma from occlusion and can be a cofactor of periodontal diseases. However, research on the effects of crossbite on periodontium is still rare.

Objective: To analyze the relationship between crossbite and periodontal status.

Method: A cross sectional study of 68 subjects with normalbite and 68 subjects with crossbite using dental records of patients in Klinik Integrasi RSKGM FKG UI during 2010 2015. Data was statistically analyzed by Mann Whitney test.

Result: There were no statistically significant differences p 0,05 in the mean values of gingival recession, loss of attachment, and gingival bleeding between normalbite and crossbite groups. However, statistically significant difference."

"Latar belakang: Kebiasaan merokok merupakan faktor risiko periodontitis kronis. Penelitian mengenai perbedaan kedalaman poket dan resesi gingiva pasien periodontitis kronis perokok dan bukan perokok belum banyak dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian: Mengetahui perbedaan kedalaman poket dan resesi gingiva pasien periodontitis kronis perokok dan bukan perokok. Metode: Penelitian potong lintang pada masing-masing 101 subjek periodontitis kronis perokok dan bukan perokok yang diambil dari rekam medik klinik integrasi RSKGM FKG UI tahun kunjungan 2010-2015. Hasil: Berdasarkan uji Mann-Whitney terdapat perbedaan bermakna p < 0,05 rerata kedalaman poket dan resesi gingiva antara perokok dan bukan perokok. Kesimpulan: Rerata kedalaman poket dan resesi gingiva perokok lebih besar daripada bukan perokok.

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Background: Smoking is one of the risk factors of chronic periodontitis. Studies that shows the difference of pocket depth and gingival recession of chronic periodontitis patient between smokers and nonsmokers are still rare.

Objective: Knowing the difference of pocket depth and gingival recession between smokers and nonsmokers chronic periodontitis patient.

Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted using medical records of 101 smokers and 101 nonsmokers who suffered chronic periodontitis in integration clinic RSKGM FKG UI during 2010 2015.

Results: Mann Whitney test showed that there were significant differences in the average of pocket depth and gingival recession (p<0,05) between smokers and nonsmokers.

Conclusions: The average of pocket depth and gingival recession in smokers is higher than nonsmokers."