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"Dalam mendukung kemajuan industri perkapalan, pemerintah telah membuat beberapa program. Salah satu program tersebut dimuat dalam Peraturan Menteri Perindustrian Republik Indonesia Nomor : 124/M-IND/PER/10/2009 tentang Peta Panduan (Road Map) Pengembangan Klaster Industri Perkapalan. Klaster industri perkapalan dinilai dapat meningkatkan produktivitas industri perkapalan nasional karena program ini memiliki konsep mengumpulkan industri-industri penunjang yang berperan dalam industri perkapalan, sehingga galangan yang dibangun dapat bersifat galangan non fabrikasi. Salah satu klaster industri perkapalan yang penulis coba memberikan gagasan adalah kawasan industri maritim kabupaten Tanggamus yang dirancang memiliki galangan non fabrikasi. Dari sistem pembangunan galangan seperti itu akan memiliki beberapa keuntungan, diantaranya lahan yang dibutuhkan untuk galangannya sendiri akan lebih kecil karena tidak adanya bengkel fabrikasi. Selain itu, kawasan khusus fabrikasi yang lebih terpusat bisa memproduksi bahan-bahan untuk dipakai di seluruh galangan di Tanggamus (tidak khusus hanya untuk satu galangan) sehingga proses produksi dapat terus berjalan. Keuntungan lainnya adalah dengan pembangunan seperti itu diharapkan masyarakat sekitar juga dapat ikut serta sebagai SDM sehingga program tersebut turut memajukan kesejahteraan masyarakat sekitar.

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The government has made several programs to support the progress of shipbuilding industry. One of the programs published in ?Peraturan Menteri Perindustrian Republik Indonesia Nomor : 124/M-IND/PER/10/2009? about the road map of shipbuilding industrial cluster. The shipbuilding industrial cluster is considered to increase the productivity of national shipbuilding industry because it has the concept of colecting the supporting industry that play a role in shipbuilding industry, so that the shipyard that built can be the non-fabrication shipyard. One of the shipbuilding industrial cluster that the writer try to gives an idea of is the maritime industrial area of district Tanggamus which is planned to has non-fabrication shipyard.

Of shipyard development system as it would have several advantages, including the area required for the shipyard itself will be smaller because of the absence of the fabrication shop. Moreover, the special are of fabrication which is more centralized could produce materials for use in the whole shipyard in Tanggamus so the production process can continue running. Another advantage is with such development, the local residents can also be expected to participate as the human resources so that the program contribute to improved the welfare of the local residents."

"From the several alternative sites in East Java and based on proximity to supporting industries and infrastructures that already exist, the distance to economic centers and airports, the available land, as well as the affordable prices, Lamongan has been selected as the location of development of dock and shipyard industries in East Java. Development of shipyard industries in Lamongan is reviewed from is prospect, selected and began with repair and mintenance services for ships with classof facilities between 1000-3000 DWT. The class has not been a lot of competitors because of a new shipyard, easy technology and no experience. Based on the learning and experience process, for the future, 5 to 10 years, this shipyard can be expanded to accept new building similiar in size to barge technology which is not so so difficult and in order to master the modern technology . In addition, the permanent repair work has been done by increasing the capacity. Plan for 15 to 20 years, the shipyard can be expanded to accept new building for inter - islan ferries and tugboats, as well as repairs."

"Industri perkapalan adalah sebuah industri padat modal dan padat karya yang ikut menopang perkembangan Industri di Indonesia. Industri perkapalan melakukan kegiatannya yaitu pembuatan kapal dan reparasi kapal dan memiliki resiko yang beragam, salah satu resiko yang penting adalah resiko penurunan kualitas lingkungan galangan kapal akibat banyaknya kapal yang direparasi di atas Dok. Manajemen resiko di Industri galangan Kapal adalah manajemen pengalihan resiko yang mampu mengelola bahaya potensi resiko lingkungan dalam bentuk Asuransi Lingkungan Analisa pengalihan resiko lingkungan ditentukan dari faktor-faktor analisa resiko (nilai resiko) estimasi resiko (karakteristik resiko) dan permodelan asuransi lingkungan (preventive cost & risk based margin) dengan menggunakan metode SAST (Strategic Assumption Surfacing and Testing) dan metode PPA (Participatory Perspectives Analysis) dan hasilnya faktor resiko terbesar adalah faktor penggerak yaitu risiko pencemaran galangan akibat sandblasting dalam proses reparasi kapal yang diikuti faktor pengungkit yaitu limbah cat, karat, tritip dan lain-lain. Model asuransi lingkungan progresif adalah yang terbaik untuk pengalihan resiko lingkungan di dalam reparasi kapal dengan membangun instalasi Dok yang ramah lingkungan yaitu Instalasi Graving Dok. Waterblasting dan cat antifouling yang ramah lingkungan dan pembebanan preventive cost terhadap stakeholder atau dapat menggunakan rumus atau formula biaya premi Asuransi Lingkungan yang dibebankan kepada kapal-kapal yang melakukan kegiatan reparasi di atas Dok.

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The shipyard industry is a capital- and labour-intensive industry, which also supports Indonesia?s industrial development. In carrying out its activities, which include shipbuilding and ship repair works, the shipyard industry is challenged by a number of risks, one of the crucial ones being the risk of deterioration of the shipyard environmental quality due to the great number of ships repaired in the docks.

Risk management practice in the Shipyard Industry involves transferring risks to manage potential environmental risk threats through the use of Environmental Insurance. Environmental risk transfer analysis is determined by risk analysis factors (risk values), risk estimates (risk characteristics), and environmental insurance modeling (preventive cost & risk-based margin) using SAST (Strategic Assumption Surfacing and Testing) and PPA (Participatory Perspectives Analysis) methods. The results demonstrate that the biggest risk factor - also a driving factor - is the risk of shipyard contamination due to the sandblasting process in a series of activities in ship repair, followed by leverage factors, which are paint wastes, rust, barnacles, and others.

The most suitable progressive environmental insurance model for environmental risk transfer within the scope of ship repair suggests the installation of environmentally friendly docks, namely Graving Docks. Water blasting, the use of environmentally friendly antifouling paints, or charging preventive costs to stakeholders may be calculated based on the Environmental Insurance premium calculation formula and are charged to ships repaired on such docks."

"Peraturan Pemerintah (PP) Nomor 50 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja(SMK3) telah berjalan selama lebih dari 10 tahun dan menjadi suatu pedoman atau acuan yang bersifat wajib untuk dilaksanakan bagi perusahaan yang memiliki potensi bahaya besar atau mempekerjakan paling sedikit 100 orang pekerja. Penerapan SMK3 merupakan salah satu upaya preventif yang harus dilakukan akibat meningkatnya risiko kecelakaan kerja. SMK3 adalah penerapan sistem manajemen keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja yang akan dapat meminimalkan risiko kerugian moral dan moneter, kehilangan jam kerja, serta keselamatan orang dan lingkungan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian gabungan (mixed method). Dalam penelitian ini, teknik pengolahan data secara kuantitatif dilakukan untuk mengukur hasil penerapan SMK3 di industri galangan kapal kecil PT. X, PT. Y, dan PT. Z menggunakan instrumen audit tingkat awal (64 kriteria SMK3) sesuai PP No. 50 Tahun 2012. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Bulan September 2023 - Oktober 2023 yang dengan pengambilan data observasi pada industri galangan kapal kecil PT X., PT. Y, dan PT. Z digunakan untuk mengukur tingkat pencapaian penerapan SMK3 di 3 industri galangan kapal kecil PT. X, PT. Y, dan PT. Z berdasarkan instrumen audit SMK3 PP No. 50 Tahun 2012 tingkat awal (64 kriteria) Manajer HSE dari setiap perusahaan di PT. X, PT. Y, dan PT. Z merupakan responden yang memberikan dokumen dan keterangan. Hasil penelitian didapatkan fakta bahwa Tingkat kesesuaian penerapan SMK3 PT. X : 21,88%, PT. Y : 3,13%, PT. Z : 21,88%. Tingkat ketidaksesuaian penerapan SMK3 PT. X sebesar 78,12 % dengan temuan mayor sebesar 51 %, temuan minor sebesar 45 %, dan temuan kritikal sebesar 4 %. Tingkat ketidaksesuaian penerapan SMK3 PT. Y sebesar 98,44% dengan temuan mayor sebesar 49,21%, temuan minor sebesar 49,21%, dan temuan kritikal sebesar 1,58%. Tingkat ketidaksesuaian penerapan SMK3 PT. Z sebesar 78,12% dengan temuan mayor sebesar 52% dan temuan minor sebesar 48%.

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Government Regulation (GR) Number 50 of 2012 concerning the Occupational Safety and Health Management System (OSHMS) has been running for more than 10 years and has become a mandatory guideline or reference to be implemented for companies that have the potential for major hazards or employ at least 100 workers. The implementation of OSHMS is one of the preventive efforts that must be carried out due to the increased risk of work accidents. OSHMS is the implementation of an occupational safety and health management system that will be able to minimize the risk of moral and monetary losses, loss of working hours, as well as the safety of people and the environment. This research is a mixed method. In this study, quantitative data processing techniques were carried out to measure the results of the application of OSHMS in the small shipyard industry of PT. X, PT. Y, and PT. Z uses an initial level audit instrument (64 OSHMS criteria) according to PP No. 50 of 2012. This research was conducted in September 2023 - October 2023 with observational data taken on the small shipyard industry of PT X, PT. Y, and PT. Z. Used to measure the level of achievement of the application of SMK3 in 3 small shipyard industries of PT. X, PT. Y, and PT. Z based on the audit instrument OSHMS PP No. 50 Year 2012 entry level (64 criteria) HSE Manager from each company at PT. X, PT. Y, and PT. Z is a respondent who provides documents and information. The results of the study found that the level of suitability of the application of OSHMS PT. X : 21.88 %, PT. Y : 3,13 %, PT. Z : 21,88 %. The level of non-conformity in the application of OSHMS PT. X is 78.12% with major findings of 51%, minor findings of 45%, and critical findings of 4%. The level of non-conformity in the application of OSHMS PT. Y is 98,44% with major findings of 49,21%, minor findings of 49,21%, and critical findings of 1,58%. The level of non-conformity in the application of OSHMS PT. Z is 78,12% with major findings of 52 % and minor findings of 48%."

"The shipbuilding industry is characterized by high-risk business activities; therefore, caution should be taken in its operational processes. From upstream to downstream, the shipbuilding industry depends on other industries. In this study, a risk assessment was conducted on the construction of new vessels using the Bayesian network approach; accordingly, the risk assessment was carried out using a probabilistic value at risk (VaR). The study was carried out by PT PAL Indonesia in association with the construction of a new tanker ship (building production codes M271 and M272). An analysis was conducted on three main components of new vessel construction—design components, material and production components, and subcomponents of the previous two components. From the study, we could conclude that the probability of delay for new vessel construction caused by design delay is 0.05; the probability of delay caused by material delay is 0.65; and the probability of delay caused by production delay is 0.3. For delays caused by design factors, a yard plan is the sub-component that contributes predominantly to delays (i.e., probability of 0.3). For delays caused by material factors, the sub-component with the greatest impact is hull and machinery outfitting, with a probability of 0.3. For delays caused by production factors, the sub-component with the biggest impact is hull construction, with a probability of 0.39. Thus, we could conclude that a project delay would occur if the material component and the hull construction sub-components were not handled properly."

"Berdasarkan Konvensi Hong Kong, kapal dengan usia lebih dari 25 tahun harus dilakukan proses ship recycling. Hal tersebut dinilai dapat merusak lingkungan karena pemakaian kapal dengan jangka waktu lama memiliki efek negatif yang dapat dikeluarkan kapal tersebut. Namun industri ship recycling di Indonesia masih belum maksimal. Industri ship recycling masih terbilang sedikit dalam jumlah dan juga belum menerapkan ship recycling yang ramah terhadap lingkungan. Potensi industri ship recycling di Indonesia terbilang besar karena jumlah kapal tua di Indonesia sangat banyak. Selain itu daerah sekitar Pelabuhan Kamal merupakan sentra industri galangan ship recycling terbesar di Madura bahkan di Indonesia. Tetapi galangan tersebut masih belum memiliki regulasi yang jelas. Pemilihan lokasi diharapkan dapat memudahkan dalam proses pemindahan galangan ship recycling yang berada di sekitar Pelabuhan Kamal untuk menempati lahan bekas Pelabuhan Kamal. Penelitian ini telah menghasilkan desain usaha galangan green ship recycling dengan memanfaatkan lahan bekas Pelabuhan Kamal di Madura. Rancangan desain ini dibuat berdasarkan studi literatur dari penelitian yang ada, peraturan-peraturan, wawancara secara langsung dengan pemilik usaha ship recycling, serta memanfaatkan aplikasi AutoCAD 2020 dan aplikasi SketchUp 2020. Maka didapatkan hasil desain untuk mendukung operasional green ship recycling. Selain itu penelitian ini juga menghasilkan kapasitas fasilitas-fasilitas dari desain usaha galangan green ship recycling.

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According to Hong Kong Convention, ships older than 25 years old must be following the ship recycling process. The long usage of a ship can damage environment. However the industry of ship recycling in Indonesia still not maximum. There is still a low number of ship recycling industry in Indonesia and most of it still not environmentally friendly. Indonesia has a big potency in ship recycling industry because of the big number of old ships. Kamal port surrounding area is the biggest ship recycling shipyard in Madura even in Indonesia. However the shipyard does not has the clear regulation yet. This research is to proposed the change location and simplify the moving process of ship recycling shipyard from the kamal port surrounding area to former kamal port location. This research has found the result green ship recycling business design at former kamal madura port. This design is being made by literature studies from the existing researches, regulations, direct interview with one of the ship recycling business owner, utilize softwares like AutoCAD 2020 and SketchUp 2020. The result of this design is to support the operation of green ship recycling and also this research conclude the capacity calculations of the facilities from green ship recycling business design.

 

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"Kapal memiliki batas usia dalam pengoperasiannya. Galangan scrapping bisa menjadi solusi untuk industri perkapalan nasional Indonesia dan diharapkan bisa menjadi galangan scrap percontohan yang memenuhi regulasi dan menjadi bahan masukan untuk Pemerintah dan pihak PEMDA Kabupaten Tanggamus. Ship Scrapping adalah aktivitas membongkar seluruh atau sebagian suatu kapal yang bertujuan untuk mengembalikan komponen-komponen dan material untuk diproses ulang dan digunakan kembali. Perancangan galanganscrapping berkapasitas maksimum 30.000 DWT ini berdasarkanIMO (International Maritime Organization), galanganscrapping yang tidak mencemari lingkungan.Ramah lingkungan didefinisikan bahwa dengan fasilitas yang ada, limbah dari proses scrapping tidak mencemari lingkungan baik darat maupun laut. Perancangan terdiri dari fasilitas galangan scrapping dan desain layout galangan.

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The ship has an age limit to operate. Scrapping shipyard could be a solution to Indonesia's national shipping industry and expected to be a pilot project that satisfies scrap yard regulation and become inputs to the Government and the Local Goverment of the Regency Tanggamus. Ship Scrapping is the activity of unpacking all or part of a ship that aims to restore the components and materials for reprocessed and reused. The design of the maximum capacity of 30,000 DWT scrapping shipyard based on IMO (International Maritime Organization), the scrapping shipyard does not pollute the environment. Environmentally friendly is defined that with existing facilities, waste from the process of scrapping is not polluting the environment both ashore and at sea. The design consists of a scrapping shipyard facilities and design layout scrapping shipyard."

"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kuat hubungan antara Kepuasan Komunikasi dengan Kinerja Keryawan bagian produksi di Galangan Kapal dan pengaruh variabel kontrol fasilitas perusahaan pada kuat hubungan antar variabel.Responden penelitian ini adalah pekerja PT. Pan United Shipyard yang terlibat Iangsung dalam proses produksi di Galangan Kapal. Pemilihan sampel berdasarkan random yang berstrata.Pengujian terhadap reliabilitas indikator pengukuran dilakukan dengan rumus aft cronbach dan dihasilkan nilai cc berkisar 0.8.Dari hasil penelitian di lapangan dapat diketahui bahwa galangan kapal membutuhkan mekanisme penyebaran informasi sejak awal proses pengerjaan produk dan terus berlanjut hingga produk tersebut selesai dibuat.Pada mekanisme penyebaran informasi di Galangan Kapal, masing-masing departemen atau section memiliki ciri khas dalam berkomunikasi baik secara internal departemen atau lintas departemen.Pada umumnya yang menjadi kendala dalam mekanisme penyebaran informasi adalah ketidakjelasan informasi yang disampaikan karena bahasa atau media komunikasi yang digunakan dan kurangnya pengetahuan pekerja terhadap permasalahan yang sedang dibicarakan.Pada proses pengerjaan produk yang menjadi kendala adalah kurangnya koordinasi dalam menggunakan fasilitas di galangan kapal dan ketergantungan terhadap penyelesaian pekerjaan departemen lain.Pada media penyampaian informasi, kebanyakan pekerja mengganggap media yang paling mudah untuk dipahami adalah dengan tulisan dan gambar kerjaDari pengujian korelasi antara dua variabel penelitian diperoleh bahwa terdapat hubungan yang moderat antara Kepuasan Komunikasi Pekerja dengan kinerja karyawan Bagian Produksi dengan angka korelasi r = 0.5. Sedangkan pada pengujian terhadap variabel kontrol diketahui bahwa tidak terdapat pengaruh Fasilitas Perusahaan terhadap kuat hubungan antara Kepuasan Komunikasi dan Kinerja Karyawan Bagian produksi.Kelemahan penelitian ini merupakan penilaian yang dilakukan oleh karyawan terhadap hasil kerja mereka sendiri.

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The Correlation of Workers' Communication Satisfaction With the Productions Department Worker's Performance at PT. Pan United Shipyard IndonesiaThis research is conducted to find out the correlation of worker's communication satisfaction with their performance. The research is conducted at PT. Pan United Shipyard Indonesia. The respondents are the workers of production department, who are involved in the process of production at the shipyard. The respondents are chosen based on stratified random method.

The measurement reliability is tested with the Alfa Cronbach. The result is a = 0.8. From the survey, the writer acknowledges that the spread of information is crucial in a shipyard. The information distribution is needed from the very beginning of the process until the final touch of the product.

Departments and sections have their own way in communicating within themselves. They also have their way of communicating with other departments or sections.

In general, the obstacles in distributing information are the vagueness of information because of the language or the ineffective medium communication, and lack of knowledge possessed by the workers about the current issues.

In the process of manufacturing a product, the crucial problems are the lack of coordination in using the facilities and the dependence of one department on others.

Most workers feel more convenient to give information in form of text and working drawing. They consider that the most understandable way of distributing the information."

"Manajemen operasional merupakan hal yang sangat penting dan tidak boleh diabaikan dalam suatu industri galangan kapal. Pengembangan dan penyusunan model pada manajemen risiko akan dilakukan agar pembangunan kapal lebih efisien dalam segi waktu dan juga biaya. Langkah yang dilakukan dalam melakukan manajemen risiko tersebut adalah dengan cara melakukan konsep IIAR yaitu: (1) Identification, melakukan identifikasi yaitu identifikasi lokasi, waktu, sebab, dan proses terjadinya peristiwa risiko yang dapat menghalangi, menurunkan, menunda, atau meningkatkan tercapainya pekerjaan di galangan tersebut; (2) Inventory of data,melakukan pengumpulan data yang mendukung dalam pengidentifikasian segala risiko yang ada, mulai pada saat penyerahan dokumen rancangan dari owner hingga pada saat kapal ereksi (erection); (3) Analyze (assessment) adalah melakukan analisa diantaranya dengan cara schedule risk menggunakan pendekatan model matematis, analisis yang dilakukan dengan pengurangan schedule risk pada management proyek, menggunakan database, menggunakan cost risk dan schedule risk dalam analisis risiko; dan (4) Result atau hasil yang didapat setelah melakukan penilaian risiko, peringkat risiko, identifikasi peringkat risiko, dan pengontrolan risiko yang termasuk mitigasi risiko di dalamnya.

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Operational management is very important and should not be ignored in a shipbuilding industry. Development and modeling in risk management should be applied to make the construction of vessel is more efficient in terms of time and costs. the first step in the risk management is concepting IIAR: (1) Identification, is identifying of the location, time, cause, and the process of the happen of risk that may block, degrade, delay, or increase the aim of work in the shipyards; (2) Inventory of the data, perform of collecting data that supports the identification of all the risks that exist, starting at the submission of the draft document from the owner until the ship erection; (3)

Analyze (assessment) is analyzing by schedule risk using a mathematical model approach, the analysis conducted by the reduction of schedule risk on project management, using the databases, using cost risk and schedule risk in the risk analysis; and (4) Result, is the results obtained after conducting a risk assessment, risk ratio, identification of risk rating, and control risks including risk mitigation."

"ABSTRAK

Pada perencanaan pembangunan kawasan industri maritim di Kabupaten Tanggamus Lampung terdapat 5 industri yang saling berhubungan yaitu: industri pendukung, industri penarik, industri penyedia, penyedia jasa pendukung dan industri galangan kapal sebagai industri inti. Sebagai industri inti dalam konsep kawasan industri maritim, potensi pasar yang tersedia untuk pembangunan galangan dalam kawasan industri maritim harus didapatkan. Setelah didapatkan potensi pasar galangan maka akan ditentukan kapasitas galangan dari setiap galangan. Dari kapasitas galangan setiap galangan akan ditentukan fasilitas pengedokan yang harus dibuat dan disediakan. Galangan kapal pada kawasan industri maritim mempunyai konsep pembagian tugas antara galangan dengan perusahaan fabrikasi, hal ini yang menbuatnya berbeda dengan galangan konvensional.

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ABSTRACT

On the development of an industrial maritime cluster in Tanggamus, Lampung Province there are five inter-related industries in this area: pulling industry, supplying industry, supporting industry, supporting service and shipyard as the core industry. As the core industry in industrial maritime cluster concept, the potential market available for the development of a shipyard industry in industrial maritime cluster must be found. The capacity of each shipyard can be determined after the potential market has been found, then docking facility needs will be determined afterwards. Shipyards in industrial maritime cluster has concept to distribute task between shipyards and Fabrication Company, which are not found in convensinal shipyards.

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