Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

Abstrak :
History of the assimilation of Chinese Hakka in Singkawang, Kalimantan Barat Province

Abstrak :
Tugas akhir ini membahas tentang karakteristik Ritual Tatung sebagai Pengobatan di Singkawang. Singkawang merupakan salah satu kotamadya atau pemerintahan kota di Kalimantan Barat. Penduduk Kota Singkawang terdiri dari berbagai etnis suku bangsa seperti Tionghoa, Dayak, Melayu (Tidayu) dan lain-lain. Ketiga suku tersebut saling bersaudara, rukun dan tentram. Penduduk keturunan Tionghoa di Singkawang mempercayai Ritual Tatung dapat mengobati berbagai penyakit. Terdapat banyak hal menarik yang menjadi karakteristik Ritual Tatung sebagai alternatif pengobatan di Singkawang. Hal-hal seperti dewa-dewi, ritual, dan bahkan mitos-mitos yang terkait dengan Ritual Tatung menyebabkan Ritual Tatung memiliki karakteristiknya sendiri. Tugas akhir ini berusaha menjelaskan karakteristik dan unsur-unsur yang terdapat di dalam Ritual Tatung. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif. Dalam penelitian ini terdapat fungsi sosial-budaya Ritual Tatung pada masyarakat keturunan Tionghoa di Singkawang yang masih percaya dengan Shamanisme. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara dewa atau dewi dalam Ritual Tatung. Ritual Tatung sebagai pengobatan memberikan dampak yang cukup besar pada masyarakat keturunan Tionghoa di Singkawang baik secara religi maupun sosial budaya. ......This final project discusses the characteristics of the Tatung Ritual as Medical Treatment in Singkawang. Singkawang is a municipality or city in West Kalimantan. The inhabitants of the Singkawang city consists of various ethnic groups such as Chinese, Dayak, Malay (Tidayu) and others. The three tribes are living in brotherhood, harmony and peace. People of Chinese descent in Singkawang believes that the Tatung Ritual can treat various diseases. There are many interesting things that characterizes the Tatung Ritual as an alternative treatment in Singkawang. Things like gods, rituals, and even myths that are related to the Tatung Ritual cause the Tatung Ritual to have its own characteristics. This final project tries to explain the characteristics and elements contained in the Tatung Ritual. The research method used is a qualitative method. In this study, there is a socio-cultural function of the Tatung Ritual of Chinese descent in Singkawang who still believes in Shamanism. The results of this study indicates that there is a relationship between gods or goddesses in the Tatung Ritual. The Tatung ritual as a treatment has a significant impact on the Chinese people in Singkawang both religiously and socio-culturally.

Abstrak :
ln this thesis I discuss about the ancestor worship in in the Chinese-Hakka family and community in Singkawang-West Kalimantan (Borneo). The central concem of this study is the description and analysis of ancestor worship in rituals of death within family as conducted at the home, at place managed by Chinese burial association, and burial place, before and after burial.

The main issue raised in this thesis is the function of ancestor worship for Hakka family and community of Singkawang, which based on Mauss (1992) and Suparlan (l978)?s exchange theory is to tighten the kinship relations between family members who are alive or living in this world-the ?real world? and their ancestors in the atier-life world or the ?unreal world?.

The reason for the Hakka people of Singkawang to worship their ancestors. besides showing their filial piety (xiao) to ancestor. is also to ask for protection and assistance from them. In the time of needs or problems, members of a Hakka family or community will ask their ancestor spirits to help and protect him or her, and in return they will reciprocate the ancestors? help by providing food and beverages, as well as by paying respect to them, and all of these are conducted through rituals at the burial place or temples. This form or exchange is always maintained because it benefited both sides.

Death and death rituals in Hakka family are the most important part ol ancestor worship among the Chinese-Hakka in Singkawang. There would be no ancestor worship without death and death rituals. According to Hakka people?s beliefs, the well-being of their ancestors in the after-life will determine their well- being or the well-being of related family in this life.

In Chinese culture, as stated by Mencius, the most revered Confucian philosopher after Confucius himself, ?the greatest of all sins is to have no sons to carry on the ancestral line and continue the ancestors? worship? (see McCreey in Scupin, 2000: 286). Therefore, ?sons? is the operative world for Chinese in general. Traditional Chinese society is a patrilineal society in which Family surname and the right to a share of the family property descends from father to son. Daughters, once they married, their duty is to serve their parents-in-law, to worship their husband?s ancestors, and above all, to provide sons to continue their husband?s family line. Thus, usually daughters are not expected to share the burden of ancestor?s worship within their original family. In this thesis, I show that in Hakka family and community in Singkawang, in contrast to the abovementioned Chinese tradition, daughters who have married, together with their husbands, could come and share the burden of ancestor worship duty in the daughters? original family, as long as they do not take the place of sons as the leader of the family. Hakka family and community in Singkawang too see ancestor worship as means to gather members of related family, from both patrilineal and matrilineal sides, at one place and at a particular time, not only to conduct rituals and to worship their ancestors, but also to talk about family economy as well as other metters among family members.

The ancestor worship of Haldta family and community in Singkawang does not only benefit members of related family, but, as a matter of fact, also provides some advantages for members of other ethnic groups, such as the Madurese and the Dayaks, particularly those who live near the Chinese burial place. During Ching Ming Jie or Chinese Toms Festival and Zhong Yuan Jie or Hungry Ghost Festival, these people-the Madurese and the Dayaks--could ask to help Hakka families to clean or cut grass on their ancestors? graves in return for a little money.

Abstrak :
The Usage of Hakka Chinese-Language at Singkawang West Kalimantan : A study towards Hakka Chinese-Language and Indonesian LanguageFocus of this sociolinguistic study is the usage of Hakka language at Singkawang, pointed out to the backgorund factors that resulting the language as daily language of Chinese ethnic bilingual society. At the local area, Hakka language is well known as Khek language, and the people also named themselves as Khek people. This ethnic group is already lived in Singkawang city by century, even, according to history they're already lived there since XVI century. Study towards the usage of language by Chinese bilingual, is being carried out by utilizing 'ranah' concept which first popularized by Fishman, covering the usage of language in family, education, working, goverment, neighbourhood, trade, and religious ranah. Things that need to be pointed out are: Do bilingual Chinese ethnic always use Hakka Chinese-language, more often talks in Chinese language, both use Chinese and Indonesia Ianguage in the same proportion, more often talks in Indonesia language or always use Indonesian language to communicate each other. Other factors that being considered as mind-influencing factor in choosing the language are sex, age, level of education, permanent-living time and homogeneity. Sex is divided into male and female; age is divided into less than 30 and more than 30. Level education can be broke down into Elementary, High School, and University level. Permanent-living time is seen from the time they start to live in the city, which is divided into two times : before aculturation process promoted by government in 1977 and after 1977. Homogenity covered the surrounding neighbourhood of Chinese ethnic group, do they all hang out with Chinese ethnic, Chinese friends are more than Indonesian, amount of Chinese friends are in equal with Indonesian, Chinese friends are lesser than Indonesian or all their friends are Indonesian? According to the study, the usage of Hakka Chinese-language and Indonesian language by Singkawang Chinese bilingual is generated by : 1. The level of education (higher/lower) 2. Permanent living time in the city 3. Homogenity If the Hakka Chinese ethnic bilingual person only enjoyed elementary-level education, living in the city before year 1977 and always get together with Chinese ethnic group, so he has a tendency to speak in Chinese rather than in Indonesia language, and vice versa. Those facts are being gathered from the questionnaire, interview and undercover observation data, which the result is being calculated qualitatively by using T. Student on level of confidence 95%.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK Perkembangan sektor pariwisata di tanah air, membuat tiap daerah pariwisata berkompetisi untuk mendapatkan wisatawan sebanyak-banyaknya. Untuk mewujudkan hal tersebut, daerah pariwisata harus memahami terlebih dahulu Citra Destinasi serta pengaruhnya terhadap Kepuasan Wisatawan dan Word of Mouth. Penelitian ini menguji apakah terdapat pengaruh antara Citra Destinasi terhadap Word of Mouth melalui Kepuasan Wisatawan dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Pengambilan data dilakukan melalui metode survei dengan membagikan kuesioner secara online kepada 250 wisatawan domestik yang mengunjungi Kota Singkawang dalam 6 bulan terakhir (November-April). Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah path analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh Citra Destinasi terhadap Word of Mouth yang dimediasi oleh Kepuasan Wisatawan. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menunjukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh langsung antara Citra Destinasi terhadap Word of Mouth, Citra Destinasi terhadap Kepuasan Wisatawan dan Kepuasan Wisatawan terhadap Word of Mouth. Perkembangan sektor pariwisata di tanah air, membuat tiap daerah pariwisata berkompetisi untuk mendapatkan wisatawan sebanyak-banyaknya. Untuk mewujudkan hal tersebut, daerah pariwisata harus memahami terlebih dahulu Citra Destinasi serta pengaruhnya terhadap Kepuasan Wisatawan dan Word of Mouth. Penelitian ini menguji apakah terdapat pengaruh antara Citra Destinasi terhadap Word of Mouth melalui Kepuasan Wisatawan dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Pengambilan data dilakukan melalui metode survei dengan membagikan kuesioner secara online kepada 250 wisatawan domestik yang mengunjungi Kota Singkawang dalam 6 bulan terakhir (November-April). Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah path analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh Citra Destinasi terhadap Word of Mouth yang dimediasi oleh Kepuasan Wisatawan. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menunjukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh langsung antara Citra Destinasi terhadap Word of Mouth, Citra Destinasi terhadap Kepuasan Wisatawan dan Kepuasan Wisatawan terhadap Word of Mouth.

---

ABSTRACT The development of the tourism sector in the country, making each area of tourism compete to get as many tourists as possible. To realize this, the tourism region must first understand the Destination Image and its influence on Tourist Satisfaction and the Word of Mouth. This study examines whether there is an influence between Destination Image on Word of Mouth through Tourist Satisfaction with quantitative approach. Data was collected through a survey method by distributing questionnaires online to 250 domestic tourists who have visited Singkawang City in the past 6 months (November-April). The data analysis technique used in this study is path analysis. The results showed that there was an influence of Destination Image on Word of Mouth mediated by Tourist Satisfaction. In addition, this study also shows that there is a direct influence between Destination Image on Word of Mouth, Destination Image on Tourist Satisfaction and Tourist Satisfaction on Word of Mouth.

Abstrak :
Pertunjukkan Pawai Tatung dalam perayaan Cap Go Meh berasal dari Kalimantan Barat, tepatnya Kota Singkawang. Tradisi Tatung di Kalimantan Barat merupakan tradisi yang dibawa langsung oleh suku Hakka yang berasal dari Cina Selatan. Hal yang menarik dari Pawai Tatung di Kota Singkawang adalah tradisi ini merupakan perpaduan antara tiga budaya yakni budaya Dayak, Melayu serta Cina. Permasalahan utama yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana bentuk implementasi akulturasi etnis Cina dengan kebudayaan lokal dalam Pawai Tatung di Kalimantan Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan sumber data primer berupa video dokumentasi penuh Perayaan Cap Go Meh Singkawang 2020 dari halaman Youtube “Pojok Inspirasi”. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa bentuk implementasi akulturasi dalam Pawai Tatung tidak hanya terletak dari keikutsertaan masyarakat dari masing-masing ketiga budaya tersebut serta kostum khas dari masing-masing budaya, melainkan keterlibatan dewa-dewi Cina dengan roh lokal setempat ( Datuk & Latuk ). Akulturasi yang terjadi dalam Pawai Tatung menunjukkan tumbuhnya kesetiaan orang Cina terhadap penunggu / roh nenek moyang setempat serta rasa persaudaraan yang terjalin diantara ketiga budaya ini dan berhasil berpengaruh terhadap eksistensi Pawai Tatung yang masih ada hingga saat ini di Kota Singkawang, Kalimantan Barat. ...... The Tatung Parade in the Cap Go Meh celebration originally from Singkawang City, West Kalimantan. The Tatung tradition in West Kalimantan was brought by the Hakka people from South China. The interesting thing about the Tatung Parade in Singkawang City is that this tradition is a collaboration between three cultures ; The Dayak, Malay, and Chinese. The main problem in this research is how the implementation of the acculturation between the Dayak, Chinese and Malay in the Tatung Parade is. The research method is qualitative method. The primary source in this research is a full documentation video of the 2020 Cap Go Meh Singkawang Celebration from Youtube account "Pojok Inspirasi". The result of this research indicates that the form implementation of acculturation in the Tatung Parade did not only lie in the participation of the Dayak, Malay, and Chinese, but it is the involvement of Chinese gods / goddesses with local spirits (Datuk & Latuk). The acculturation that occurs in the Tatung Parade shows the loyalty of the Chinese to the local ancestors of West Kalimantan and the brotherhood between these three cultures. This acculturation has proven influent on the existence of Tatung Parade in Singkawang City until right now.

Abstrak :
The Relationship between Knowledge, Atitude with the Practice of in Preventing HIV/AIDS Infection among Prostitute Women in Sebangkau Localization and Bengkayang Station, Singkawang, Sambas Regency, West Kalimantan Province in 1996Many efforts have been done by the government of Indonesia to over come the transmission of infections Disease especially venereal disease such as prevention HIV/AIDS in high Risk group with prostitute women as a target. This research uses cross sectional approach which the goal is to explore many factors that Influence the practical relationship (using condom) in preventing HIVIAIDS transmission in prostitute women groups. The interview and observation result towards 108 samples in Sebangkau Localization and Bengkayang Station Singkawang Sambas District West, Kalimantan Province in 1996. Shows that low education 71,2 %, low knowledge of HIV/AIDS 66,6 %, negative attitude 64,8 %, never get health education 62 %, can not get condom 47,2 %, customer 1 visitor negative attitude 74,1 %, less practice (never use condom 52,8 %). The result of Bivarian analysis / only three variables have significant correlation, there are the relation between knowledge and attitude odds ratio 3,75 ( 95%, CI p-0,00) ,the relation between the supply of condom with the practice 8,56 (95%, Cl p=0,00), health education with the practice odds ratio 7,29 (95%,CI ps0,U0 ). Multivarian analysts about 6 variables models, indicates that the supply of condom and the visitors / customers atitude have significant correlation with odds ratio 1,77 (95 %, CI p=0,01) and 2,15 (95%, CI p0,01). This result can also more explain 85 % some the variation. This study proves that the stock of condom and visitors attitude are the main factor that can influence the using of condom among the prostitute woman on Singkawang localization Sambas Regency, West Kalimantan Province. In the short time, as a suggestion to anticipate and prevent AIDS transmission by emproving the supply of condom directly to the prostitute woman and mucikari (the mother care of prostitute women) and also by supplying condom ti the shop which is dosly at the localization. By this effort the customers can get and use easily. Health education intervention towards prostitute women and the customers is needed to Improve the knowledge about AIDS disease murder to get positive attitude and good behavior. In the long term, cooperation between program and sectors must be improved to praise the prostitute women as an Indonesian human resources. Literature : 83 (1973 - 1996). ix + 118 pages, 17 tables, 4 chart, 10 appendix.

---

Berbagai upaya penanggulangan penyakit menular khususnya pemberantasan penyakit kelamin yang telah dilakukan oleh pemerintah Indonesia, antara lain pencegahan penyakit AIDS dikalangan kelompok resiko tinggi dengan sasaran Wanita Tuna Susila (WTS). Penelitian dengan pendekatan Cross sectional ini bertujuan untuk menggali berbagai laktor yang mempengaruhi hubungan praktek (penggunaan kondom) dalam mencegah penularan HIV/AIDS di kalangan WTS. Hasil wawancara dan observasi terhadap 108 responder di lokalisasi Sebangkau dan Stasion Bengkayang Singkawang Kabupaten Sambas Propinsi Kalimantan Barat tahun 1996, menun jukkan pendidikan rendah 71,2 %, pengetahuan HIV/AIDS kurang 66,6 %, Sikap negatip 64,8 %, tidak pernah mendapat penyuluhan 62 %, tidak pernah mendapat kondom 47,2 %, Sikap pelanggan negatip 74,1 %, Praktek kurang (tidak pernah menggunakan kondom 52,8 %). Hasil analisa bivariat , hanya 3 variabel hubungan bermakna yaitu, hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan sikap, Odds rasio 3,75 (95 % CI p=0,00), hubungan tersedianya kondom dengan praktek Odds rasio 8,56( 95% CI p =0,00), hubungan penyuluhan dengan praktek Odds rasio 7,29(95 % CI p = 0,00). Analisa multivariat diantara 6 variabel yang menjadi model, ternyata tersedianya kondom dan sikap pelanggan menunjukkan keeratan hubungan yang bermakna dengan Odds rasio 1,77 ( 95 % CI p= 0,01) dan 2,15 (95 % CI p=0,O1), ternyata dari hasil ini dapat menerangkan lebih besar 85 % dari variasi yang ada. Studi ini membuktikan bahwa ketersediaan kondom dan sikap pelanggan (tamu) merupakan faktor utama yang dapat mempengaruhi penggunaan kondom dikalangan para WTS pada lokalisasi Singkawang Kabupaten Sambas Propinsi Kalimantan Barat. Sebagai saran untuk mengantipasi dan mencegah penularan penyakit AIDS , jangka pendek meningkatkan pengadaan kondom kepada WTS maupun melalui mucikari serta toko disekitar lokasi sehingga memudahkan pelanggan untuk mendapatkannya jika akan digunakan. Intervensi penyuluhan terhadap WTS dan pelanggan sangat diperlukan dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan mengenai penyakit AIDS sehingga menimbulkan sikap dan perilaku positip. Jangka panjang perlu ditingkatkan lagi kerja sama lintas program dan lintas sektoral dalam mengentaskan WTS sebagai salah satu sumber daya manusia Indonesia. Daftar Pustaka : 83 (1973 - 1996). ix + 118 halaman, 17 tabel, 4 began, 10 lampiran