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"Alat kesehatan sekali pakai sering digunakan berulang kali di rumah sakit demi mengurangi biaya pengeluaran rumah sakit dan limbah medis. Rumah Sakit Universitas Indonesia (RSUI) merupakan rumah sakit yang melakukan praktik penggunaan berulang alat kesehatan sekali pakai yang memiliki risiko penularan infeksi yang membahayakan keselamatan pasien. Praktik ini perlu dievaluasi fungsi dan sterilitasnya agar dapat menjamin keselamatan pasien di RSUI. Sebelum digunakan kembali, alat kesehatan dilakukan pemrosesan ulang melalui pembersihan, disinfeksi, dan sterilisasi dengan prosedur lengkap yang dilakukan di Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi alat kesehatan sekali pakai yang digunakan kembali di RSUI dan cara sterilisasi yang digunakan, mengevaluasi fungsi dan sterilitas alat kesehatan yang digunakan kembali. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif observasional dengan desain cross-sectional, peneliti melakukan observasi ke CSSD, membagikan formulir penilaian fungsi alat kepada pengguna alat, dan mengirimkan beberapa sampel alat untuk diuji sterilitasnya di Laboratorium Kesehatan DKI. Setelah melakukan observasi, teridentifikasi 10 alat kesehatan sekali pakai yang di-resterilisasi menggunakan Low-Temperature Steam Formaldehyde (LTSF). Dari kesepuluh alat, hanya 5 alat yang dapat dievaluasi fungsi dan hanya 6 alat yang dapat dievaluasi sterilitasnya. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa seluruh alat yang dievaluasi dapat berfungsi dengan baik dan steril hingga beberapa kali penggunaan.

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Single-use medical devices are often used repeatedly in hospitals to reduce hospital expenses and medical waste. UI Hospital implements the reuse of single-use medical devices that has infection risk which may harm the patients. This practice needs to be evaluated for its function and sterility to ensure patient safety at UI Hospital. Before medical devices are reused, it needs to be reprocessed through cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization with complete procedures that must be followed at the Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD). The aim of this research is to identify the single-use medical devices that are reused and the sterilization method employed, evaluate their function and sterility. This research is a descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional design, the researcher observed CSSD, distributed medical devices function assessment forms to the users, and sent several samples of devices to DKI Health Laboratory for sterility testing. Observation results showed that ten identified single-use medical devices were re-sterilized using Low-Temperature Steam Formaldehyde (LTSF). However, only five out of ten devices could be evaluated for their function, and only six could be evaluated for sterility. The results concluded that the evaluated devices still functioned properly and were still sterile for several times of use."

"Penelitian ini merupakan randomized, single blind controlled trial yang bertujuan untuk menilai keamanan pemakaian ulang vitrektor single-use. Penelitian ini menilai proporsi, jumlah koloni dan spesies mikroorganisme yang tumbuh pada vitrektor bekas pakai satu kali yang menjalani reprocessing dengan dan tanpa pembilasan povidone-iodine 5%. Sebanyak 88 sampel vitrektor 23G dirandomisasi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu kelompok I yang menjalani reprocessing saja dan kelompok II yang menjalani pembilasan povidone-iodine 5% dan reprocessing. Kultur mikroorganisme dilakukan pada bagian tip dan bilasan lumen tip-connector-extension cairan. Pada kelompok I, ditemukan pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus hominis pada satu tip (2,3%), sedangkan semua bilasan lumen steril. Pada kelompok II, semua kultur tip dan bilasan lumen steril. Walaupun tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan proporsi pertumbuhan mikroorgansime di kedua kelompok (p=1,000), pertumbuhan bakteri pada kelompok I dapat berpotensi memiliki dampak klinis dan mikrobiologi yang berarti.

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A randomized, single blind controlled trial was done to evaluate the safety of reusing a single-use vitrector. This study evaluated the proportion, number of colony, and the species of microorganism growth from vitrectors, which underwent reprocessing with and without 5% povidone-iodine flushing. Eighty-eight samples of 23G vitrector were randomized into two groups; Group I undergone direct reprocessing (cleaning, disinfection, repackaging, and ethylene oxide sterilization), whereas Group II were flushed with 5% povidone-iodine before undergone reprocessing. Microorganism culture of vitrector was performed for the tip and flushing of the tip-connector-fluid extension lumen. In Group I, Staphylococcus hominis was found on culture of one tip (2,3%), whereas all lumen cultures were negative or sterile. In Group II, all tip and lumen cultures were negative or sterile. Although no significant difference in proportion of microorganism growth between groups (p=1.000), microorganism growth found in Group I might have a clinical and microbiological effect."

"Hemodialisis (HD) dengan metoda single-use dan reuse berdampak terhadap aktivitas harian, peran sosial dan aspek psikologis. Pemakaian metoda tersebut dapat menghasilkan kualitas hidup yang berbeda pada pasien gagal ginjal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas hidup pasien gagal ginjal yang menjalani hemodialisis dengan metoda single-use dan reuse. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif cross sectional dan melibatkan 70 pasien gagal ginjal yang dipilih dengan teknik consecutive sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan kuesioner KDQOL-SF 36 dan catatan rekam medik, analisa menggunakan univariat dan bivariat: T-test dan Chisquare untuk melihat hubungan beberapa faktor dengan kualitas hidup. Terdapat 45,70% responden dengan metoda single-use yang memiliki kualitas hidup baik dan 34,30% responden dengan metoda reuse yang memiliki kualitas hidup baik. Faktor yang berhubungan dengan kualitas hidup adalah: adekuasi (P: 0,001), Hb (P: 0,003), albumin (P: 0,001), tekanan darah (P: 0,002) dan lama menjalani hemodialisis (P: 0,030). Responden yang berkualitas hidup baik masih rendah jumlahnya, maka perlu melakukan evaluasi penilaian kualitas hidup secara reguler dan konsisten untuk selanjutnya menjadi tolok ukur mengupayakan manajemen keperawatan dalam meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien.

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Haemodialysis may impact on various aspects of haemodialysis patients, including: their daily activities, social roles and psychological aspects. The application of reuse and single-use methods of haemodialysis could be resulting in different quality of life of haemodialysis patients. This study aimed to explore quality of life of kidney failure patients undergoing haemodialysis with single-use and reuse methods. This descriptive study used cross sectional approach, recruited 70 kidney failure patients undergoing haemodialysis by consecutive sampling technique. Data collecting used KDQOL-SF 36 questionnaires and medical record, analysis used univariat and bivariate: T-test and chi-square test to determine the relating factors of quality of life.

The result revealed that there were 45,7% respondents with single-use method had good quality of life and 34,30% respondents with reuse method had good quality of life. The related factors of quality of life were adequacy (P: 0,001), Hb (P: 0,003), albumin (P: 0,001), blood pressure (P: 0,002), and periode of haemodialysis (P: 0,030). The quality of life among those patients (single-use and reuse method) mostly were poor. It is necessary to evaluate quality of life on these patients regularly and consistently, thus initiate to develop nursing management to increase their quality of life."

"ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: in Indonesia, majority of hemodialysis centers use reusable dialyzer for cost efficiency reason. Currently, there is no available data regarding the quality of life of the end stage-renal disease patient who use reusable dialyzer measured by a standardized questionnaire, as it was stated that at molecular level, reusable dialyzer could worsen leukocyte activity and could affect patients complaints and symptoms. METHODS:this was a retrospective cohort study which involved 39 subjects. All subjects underwent hemodialysis at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. The study was conducted in March - September 2017. All subjects had experienced two kinds of dialyzers, the reusable dialyzers (before 2015) and the single-use dialyzers (after 2015). Of all patients, 19 patients did not know the change of dialyzers. Subjects were interviewed with Kidney Disease Quality of Life-Short Form 36 questionnaire.RESULTS:in kidney disease component dimension, there was a significant mean difference between reusable group (68.74; SD 13.22) and single-use group (74.87; SD 13.54) (Wilcoxon test, p=0.01). The Physical Component Summary dimension, in reusable group was 63.65; SD 27.07 and in single-use group was 69.38; SD 23.07 (Wilcoxon test, p=0.217). The Mental Component Summary dimension, in reusable group was 71.78; SD 21.54 and in single-use group was75.27; SD 22.30 (Wilcoxon test, p=0.127). Bivariate analysis and further analysis showed significant association between income less than 5 million rupiah and low quality of life (p=0.048).CONCLUSION:the reusable dialyzer membrane lowers the ESRD patients quality of life influenced by another factor such as low income."

"Penyakit kardiovaskuler yang dikenal sebagai penyakit jantung merupakan penyebab utama kematian di seluruh dunia. Sebanyak sepertiga hingga setengah dari penyakit jantung merupakan Penyakit Jantung Koroner (PJK). Katerisasi jantung dengan tujuan diagnosis yang dikenal sebagai angiografi koroner adalah salah satu prosedur yang paling umum dilakukan pada porang dewasa. Pemeriksaan ini merupakan baku emas untuk diagnosis PJK dengan meminimalkan sayatan bedah (minimum invasive) sehingga dapat menurunkan risiko komplikasi dan tingkat mortalitas daripada prosedur invasive lain. Pengelolaan sediaan farmasi, alat kesehatan, dan BMHP merupakan standar pelayanan kefarmasian di rumah sakit. Staf di unit farmasi seperti apoteker maupun tenaga teknis kefarmasian diharapkan tidak hanya memiliki pengetahuan tentang obat-obat saja naum juga jenis-jenis BMHP agar dapat memaksimalkan pelayanan secara efektif dan efisien, khususnya dalam tindakan CAG. BMHP yang digunakan dalam tindakan CAG terdiri dari sheath, guiding wire, dan kateter. Berdasarkan akese ke pembuluh darah, jenis sheath dibagi menjadi sheath transradial dan transfemoral. Jenis-jenis guiding wire dibagi berdasarkan bentuk tipnya menjadi straight tip (ujung lurus), J tip, dan angled tip. Berdasarkan bentuknya yang menyesuaikan anatomi dan fungsi, kateter diagnostik dibagi menjadi Judkins, Amplatz, Multipurpose, Tiger, dan Pigtail.

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Cardiovascular disease, known as heart disease, is a leading cause of death worldwide. Approximately one-third to half of heart diseases are coronary heart disease (CHD). Coronary angiography, a diagnostic procedure commonly performed in adult patients, is a gold standard for CHD diagnosis, minimizing surgical incisions (minimally invasive) and reducing the risk of complications and mortality compared to other invasive procedures. The management of pharmaceutical preparations, medical devices, and Single-Use Medical Materials (BMHP) is a standard pharmaceutical service in hospitals. Pharmacy unit staff, including pharmacists and pharmaceutical technicians, are expected to possess knowledge not only about medications but also about various single-use medical material to maximize service effectiveness and efficiency, especially in coronary angiography (CAG) procedures. BMHP used in CAG procedures consist of sheaths, guiding wires, and catheters. Based on vascular access, sheaths are categorized as transradial and transfemoral sheaths. Guiding wires are classified based on the shape of their tips, which include straight tip, J-tip, and angled tip. Diagnostic catheters are divided into various types, such as Judkins, Amplatz, Multipurpose, Tiger, and Pigtail, designed to conform to anatomy and function."

"Plastik saat ini telah menjadi bagian yang tidak dapat dipisahkan dari kehidupan manusia. Di sisi lain, penggunaan plastik sekali pakai secara masif telah menimbulkan dampak buruk bagi lingkungan hidup. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan ini, beberapa negara di dunia telah menerapkan berbagai regulasi berkaitan dengan pengendalian sampah plastik mulai dari instrumen kebijakan dengan fokus pada pengendalian konsumsi seperti kantong plastik berbayar, sampai kepada instrumen kebijakan dengan fokus pada pengendalian pada tahap produksi serta distribusi plastik sekali pakai, seperti pelarangan plastik dan plastic phase-out. Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk mengukur posibilitas Indonesia untuk menerapkan instrumen kebijakan pengendalian produksi plastik sekali pakai sebagai salah satu strategi pengurangan timbulan sampah yang diakibatkan oleh plastik sekali pakai. Dengan menganalisa peraturan dan instrumen-instrumen yang saat ini telah diterapkan di Indonesia dan peraturan pengendalian produksi plastik lainnya yang diterapkan di berbagai negara, antara lain Peraturan Pelarangan Kantong Plastik Polyethene (Polyethene Bag Ban) di Rwanda, Environmental Protection Product Charge Hungaria, Waste Control Act di Korea Selatan, serta rancangan Single Use Plastic Directive yang akan diterapkan di Uni Eropa, skripsi ini akan memanfaatkan teori Smart Regulation yang dikemukakan oleh Gunningham dan Sinclair dalam mencari bentuk instrumen kebijakan yang dapat diterapkan oleh Indonesia untuk mengatasi permasalahan timbulan sampah yang diakibatkan oleh sampah plastik sekali pakai.

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Plastic has become an integral part of human life. At the other hand, the use of single-use-plastic (SUP) on a massive scale is proven to have a negative impact on the environment. In addressing this dilemma, many countries have implemented various types of regulation, ranging from instrument focusing on the minimization of the consumption of SUP, such as retail plastic bag charge, to instrument focusing on controlling the production and distribution of plastic bag, such as plastic ban and plastic phase-out. This thesis aims to measure the possibility for Indonesia to implement a regulatory instrument controlling the production of SUP as a strategy to overcome the negative environmental impact of SUP. By further analysing existing instruments in Indonesia regarding the control of SUP production and also various regulation focusing on controlling the production of SUP implemented in other countries such as Rwanda’s Polyethene Bag Ban, Hungary’s Act on Environmental Protection Product Charges, South Korean’s Waste Control Act, and European Union Single Use Plastic Directive Draft that has yet to be implemented, this thesis will utilize Gunningham and Sinclair’s Smart Regulation theory to come up with a viable regulatory instrument model focusing on controlling the production of SUP as a strategy to overcome the negative environmental impact of the use of SUP."