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"Pengaruh substitusi terak baja sebagai agregat kasar pada kekuatan tekan dan korosi baja tulangan pada beton geopolimer berbahan dasar fly ash dalam air laut dan lingkungan hujan asam Nilai kuat tekan dievaluasi dengan mengukur beban maksimum yang dapat diterima menggunakan peralatan pengujian kompresi Kuat tekan tergantung pada beberapa faktor seperti waktu dan suhu curing serta proporsi pencampuran Kekuatan tekan beton geopolimer dengan substitusi terak baja lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan beton geopolimer normal dengan agregat kerikil Nilai kuat tekan optimum ditemukan pada hari ketiga curing pada suhu 60oC untuk beton geopolimer dengan substitusi terak baja dan beton geopolimer normal Korosi tulangan dievaluasi dengan mengukur kepadatan arus korosi menggunakan polarisasi linear potensiostatik scan Laju korosi icorr baja tulangan dalam beton geopolimer dengan substitusi terak baja lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan beton geopolimer normal tanpa terak baja dalam medium air laut Sedangkan dalam lingkungan hujan asam substitusi terak baja meningkatkan ketahanan korosi Laju korosi geopolimer beton dengan substitusi terak baja ditemukan lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan beton geopolimer normal Laju korosi sangat tinggi pada hari hari awal dan menurun seiring waktu.

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The effect of steel slag substitution as coarse aggregate on compressive strength and corrosion of reinforcing steel in fly ash based geopolymer concrete in seawater and acid rain environment was studied The compressive strength was evaluated by measuring maximum acceptable load using compression testing equipment The compressive strength depends on several factors such as time and temperature of curing and mixing proportion The compressive strength of geopolymer concrete with steel slag substitution is higher as compared to normal geopolymer concrete with gravel aggregate The compressive strength optimum was found in the third day curing at temperature 60oC for both of geopolymer concrete with steel slag substitution and normal geopolymer concrete The reinforcement corrosion was evaluated by measuring the corrosion current density using liner polarization potentiostatic scan The Corrosion rate icorr of reinforcing steel in geopolymer concrete with steel slag substitution were found to be higher as compared to normal geopolymer concrete without steel slag in seawater medium Whereas in acid rain environment steel slag substitution increase corrosion resistance Corrosion rate geopolymer concrete with steel slag substitution were found to be lower as compared to normal geopolymer concrete The corrosion rate is very high early days and decreases by time "

"A practical selection guide to help engineers and technicians choose the most efficient surface hardening techniques that offer consistent and repeatable results.Contents : - Preface - Chapter 1: Process selection guide - Chapter 2: Gas carburizing - Chapter 3: Vacuum and plasma carburizing - Chapter 4: Pack and liquid carburizing - Chapter 5: Carbonitriding - Chapter 6: Nitriding - Chapter 7: Nitrocarburizing - Chapter 8: Boriding - Chapter 9: Thermal diffusion process - Chapter 10: Surface hardening by applied energy - Chapter 11: Surface hardening by coating or surface modification - Appendix 1: Iron-carbon phase diagram - Appendix 2: Austenitizing temperatures for steels - Appendix 3: Hardness conversion tables - Subject index - Alloy Index "

"Dalam pengoperasiannya, kendaraan pengangkat personel alutsista umumnya menggunakan material baja sebagai penyusun utamanya. Penggantian material baja dengan komposit aluminium diharapkan mampu membuat kendaraan tersebut menjadi ringan dan tetap mempunyai ketangguhan yang baik. Pada penelitian sebelumnya, komposit aluminium Al-9Zn-6Mg-3Si dengan berpenguat ZrO2 sudah mampu menahan peluru tipe III, namun mengalami keretakan pada pelat bagian belakang. Oleh karena itu, pada penelitian ini, untuk meningkatkan ketangguhan pelat komposit, ditambahkan unsur Cr pada matriks. Penambahan kadar Cr dipilih karena mampu meningkatkan kekuatan komposit tanpa harus mengorbankan sifat ketangguhan dari komposit bermatriks Aluminium. Komposit yang dipelajari memiliki matriks Al-10Zn-6Mg-2Si dengan penambahan unsur Cr sebanyak 0, 0.06, 0.15, 1.69 wt.% dengan berpenguat partikel ZrO2 sebanyak 5 vol.%.. Proses pembuatan komposit dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode squeeze casting pada tekanan sebesar 76 Mpa. Pelat komposit kemudian dilakukan laku pelarutan pada suhu 4500C selama 1 jam dan laku penuaan pada 2000C selama 1 jam. Pengujian yang dilakukan meliputi: Optical Emmision Spectrometry (OES), uji kekerasan, uji impak, pengamatan mikrostruktur menggunakan Mikroskop Optik dan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) yang dilengkapi dengan Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX), serta X-Ray mapping. Hasil pengujian menunjukan adanya peningkatan kekerasan pada pelat komposit dan penurunan ketangguhan seiring dengan kenaikan kadar Cr di dalam pelat komposit. Kandungan ZrO2 pada pelat komposit sulit dideteksi dan tersebar secara tidak merata. Hasil pengamatan SEM dan EDX mendeteksi adanya fasa baru intermetalik (CrFe)Al7 yang menggetaskan material. Adanya unsur Fe yang tinggi serta fasa intermetalik Cr yang muncul pada penambahan kadar Cr sebanyak 1.69% menjadi penyebab penurunan nilai impak dari pelat komposit Al-10Zn-6Mg-2Si tersebut.

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In operation, the personal carrying vehicle uses steel material as a major constituent. Replacement of steel with lighter material, such as aluminum composite is expected to make the vehicles become even lighter without sacrifying their toughness. Previous research had shown that Al-9Zn-6Mg-3Si aluminum composite with ZrO2 reinforcement was able to stop type III bullet, but cracks still occur at the back surface of the composite. Therefore in this research, Cr was added to increase the toughness of the matrix.

The studied composite composed of Al-10Zn-6Mg-2Si matrix with addition of Cr with the amount of 0, 0.06, 0.15, and 1.69% with5 vo.% ZrO2 particles. The composite was manufactured through squeeze casting processat the pressure of 76 Mpa. Solution Treatment was applied at the temperature of 4500C for 1 hour, followed by aging at 2000C for 1 hour. The analysis is done by : Optical Emmision Spectrometry (OES), hardness test, impact test, microsructure observation by Optical Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) linked with Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX), and X-Ray mapping.

The results showed that the increase in Cr content resulted in the increase of hardness of the composite. The ZrO2 particles were difficult to detect and found to be unevenly spreaded. The observation of SEM and EDX detected the presence of a new intermetallic phase (CrFe)Al7 that makes the composite brittle. The high level of Fe content and (CrFe)Al7 intermetallic phase in the 1.69wt.% Cr Cr containing found to decrease the impact value of the composite."

"This book explains the metallurgy of steel and its heat treatment for non-metallurgists. It starts from simple concepts?beginning at the level of high-school chemistry classes?and building to more complex concepts involved in heat treatment of most all types of steel as well as cast iron. It was inspired by the author when working with practicing bladesmiths for more than 15 years. Most chapters in the book contain a summary at the end. These summaries provide a short review of the contents of each chapter. This book is THE practical primer on steel metallurgy for those who heat, forge, or machine steel."

"Combines a tutorial explanation with a listing of data on the various steels used to make tools. Introduces the various grades in each class of steel in tables on composition, processing, and performance. Then presents graphically the effects of composition and heat treatment processing variations, ...."