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Abstrak :
Daun handeuleum merupakan salah satu tanaman yang telah lama dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat Indonesia sebagai obat wasir.dalarn bentuk infus atau rebusan. Dalam upaya mengembangkan bentuk sethaan farmasi, maka dibuat sediaan dalam bentuk ekstrak etanol. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak pada penggunaan yang terus-menerus, maka dilakukan uji keamanan terhadap aktivitas GPT dan GOT plasma serta jaringan hati. Pada penelitian ml digunakan 80 ekor tikus putih jantan yang dibagi menjadi empat kelompok. Kelompok I adalah kelompok yang diberi ekstrak etanol daun handeuleum dosis 1,08 g/Kg bb, kelompok II adalah kelompok yang diberi ekstrak etanol handeuleum dosis 0,36 g/Kg bb, kelompok Ill adalah kelompok yang diberi ekstrak etanol daun handeuleum 0,12 g/Kg bb, kelompok IV adalah kelompok kontrol yang diberi aquadest. Ketiga kelompok uji tersebut mendapatkan ekstrak etanol yang diberikan setiap hari secara oral selama 90 han. Pada han ke-31 clan han ke-91 tikus dibedah clan diambil darah serta hatinya, kemudian dilakukan pengukuran aktivitas GPT clan GOT plasma clan pengukuran derajat kerusakan lobulus janingan hati. Hasil pengukuran akUvitas GPT clan GOT plasma menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan bermakna antara ke!ompok normal dengan kelompok I, II, clan Ill setelah dibeni ekstrak selama 30 hari sedangkan pada pemberian selama 90 han ada perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok normal dengan kelompok I. HasH pemeniksaan histologi menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan ekstrak daun handeuleum dosis 0,36 clan 0,12 g per Kg bb selama 30 clan 90 hari tidak menyebahkan kerusakan janingan hati, sedangkan penggunaan dosis 1,08 g/Kg b.b dalam jangka waktu lebih lama diduga dapat menyebabkan kerusakan jaringan hati yang serius. ...... Handeuleum leaves (Graptophylium pictum (L.) Grim have been used by Indonesian people to cure several kinds of diseases such as haemorrhoid. The usage is by boiling it in water (infusion). Ethanol extract as a dosage form is created to provide the pharmaceutical dosage form. To know the effect of continuous feeding of handeuleum extract, a safety test is conducted toward the activities of plasma GPT and GOT and also the liver tissues. Eighty male white rats used in the study were divided into four groups. The first group was given with the ethanol extract of handeuleum leaves as mush as 1,08 g/Kg body weight. The second group was given with the ethanol extract of handeuleum leaves as much as 0,36 g/Kg body weight. The third group was given with the ethanol extract of handeuleum leaves as much as 0,12 g/ Kg body weight and the fourth group was a control group received water only. Those first three groups were given with the ethanol extract orally every day for ninety days. At the 31st and 9 1st day, the rats were operated. The blood and the liver were taken from the rat bodies, then the activities of the plasma GPT and GOT and the degree of liver damage were measured. The measurement of plasma GPT and GOT shows that there is no significant difference between the normal group and group I, II and Ill which were given with the extract after 30 days, but there is significant difference between the normal group and group I which were given with extract after 90 days. The histology examination shows that the usage of handeuleum leaves ethanol extract in 0,36 g and 0,12 g/ Kg body weight dosage after 30 and 90 days do not cause the liver tissues damage, but the usage in 1,08 g/Kg body weight dosage for a longer period may cause the serious liver tissues damage.

Abstrak :
This book is designed to provide a comprehensive insight into current perspectives and challenges in adipose tissue biology. In Adipose tissue biology, scientists and clinicians discuss adipocyte precursors, differentiation and growth, brown and white adipose tissue, gender, inflammation, dietary and genetic determinants of fat mass, together with evolutionary and developmental aspects of adiposity.

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This volume focuses on the biomechanical modeling of deformable soft tissues in the context of Computer Assisted Surgery (CAS). Discussion includes biomechanical models, estimation of in vivo mechanical behavior, real-time numerical simulations and more.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Tingginya tingkat ketergantungan lansia disebabkan karena semakin meningkatnya usia baik jantung maupun pembuluh darah mengalami perubahan struktural dan fisiologis, perubahan tersebut terjadi lambat dan terus menerus tanpa disadari sehingga berisiko mengalami gangguan perfusi jaringan perifer. Penulis melakukan intervensi keperawatan dikombinasikan dengan tindakan komplementer refleksologi kaki pada lansia sebanyak 20 kali selama 25 - 40 menit. Bertujuan sebagai teknik relaksasi dengan meningkatan aliran darah dan nutrisi kaya oksigen ke sel, menurunkan angka kesakitan akibat iskemia jaringan distal yang bila memburuk dapat berakibat terjadinya ganggren semakin memberat berisiko amputasi. Sehingga meningkatnya angka disability dan mortality lansia yang kemudian menurunkan kualitas hidup lansia sebelum akhir hayatnya.

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ABSTRACT
The high level of elderly dependence is due to the increasing age of both the heart and blood vessels undergoing structural and physiological changes, such changes occur slowly and continuously unnoticed thereby at risk of peripheral tissue perfusion disorders. The authors performed nursing interventions combined with complementary reflexology measures of the foot on the elderly as much as 20 times for 25 40 minutes. Aimed as a relaxation technique with increased blood flow and oxygen rich nutrients to cells, decreasing morbidity due to distal tissue ischemia which, when worsened, can result in gangrene becoming more and more potent at risk of amputation. So the increasing rate of disability and mortality elderly which then degrade the quality of life of the elderly before the end of their life.

Abstrak :
This book presents the latest findings in the field of investigation of molecular mechanisms of mechanical stretch and the role of cytokines in response of different tissues to it. On the one hand this volume demonstrates how mechanical stretch enhances cytokines production. It describes how cytokines influence tissues and cells on a background of a mechanical stretching. It provides a description of how cells in different tissues are activated by stretch and cytokines via various signaling pathways, and how they change their gene expression. The book is a unique collection of reviews outlining current knowledge and future developments in this rapidly growing field. Knowledge of biomechanics, and mechanisms which underlie it on molecular, cellular and tissue, is necessary for understanding of the normal functioning of living organisms and allows to predict changes, which arise due to alterations of their environment.

Abstrak :
Salah satu bidang yang berkembang pesat adalah bidang kesehatan. Kini zaman semakin maju, transplantasi bukanlah hal yang luar biasa. Transplantasi telah menjadi kebutuhan manusia dalam penyembuhan penyakit sehingga tidak salah apabila menjadi salah satu teknik penyembuhan populer di dunia kesehatan. Transplantasi organ dan jaringan tubuh dianggap sebagai tindakan yang sangat terpuji, bahkan dermawan karena dilaksanakan secara gratis dan bersifat nonprofit. Indonesia sebagai negara yang masih menganut pluralisme hukum, memiliki pandangan yang berbeda mengenai transplantasi organ dan jaringan tubuh ditinjau dari segi hukum perdata barat dan hukum Islam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan permahaman secara jelas serta menelaah lebih jauh tentang hal-hal yang berhubungan dengan transplantasi organ dan jaringan tubuh. Perbandingan ini dapat dianalisis dari segi hukum perdata barat dan hukum Islam. Dari hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat persamaan dan perbedaan yang cukup signifikan mengenai transplantasi organ dan jaringan tubuh dalam hukum perdata barat dan hukum Islam. ...... Health is one of the most important things in human’s life. As we can see, people’s health growing rapidly nowadays. Since the health industries has been emerging through the year, tranplantation of human’s bodies are a very common way and it is necessary for people’s health. There are many operation of tranplantation, such as heart or kidney(s) tranplantation to help somebody’s life. The doctors may have to do the tranplantation to curing their patients. Beside with the doctors, some patients wish for health people who want to discordant their organ to help them. For some people, human’s organ or body’s tissues transplantation is reputed as an honorable action because it is done for free and nonprofit. As a country which is still follow a pluralism law, Indonesia has a different side of doing organ transplantation based on west civil law and Islamic law. According to the explanation above, this research’s purposes are to elaborate and give the information about the organ transplantation more clearly and deeply. Thus, this research also shows the comparation about transplantation of human body between west civil law and Islamic Law. As an hypotesa, this research shows that there are some significant similarities and differences about transplantation opinion between west civil law and Islamic Law law.

Abstrak :
This book presents an overview of our current knowledge of endocytosis in plants with a main focus on the key molecules undergoing and regulating endocytosis. It also provides up to date methodological approaches as well as principles of protein, structural lipid, sugar and microbe internalization in plant cells. The individual chapters describe clathrin-mediated and fluid-phase endocytosis, as well as flotillin-mediated endocytosis and internalization of microbes.