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"Latar belakang : Toluena merupakan zat pelarut sering digunakan di berbagai industri seperti dalam pembuatan cat, lem dan lainnya. Toluena mempunyai sifat lipofilik dan memberikan efek toksik ke beberapa organ seperti sistem saraf pusat. Pada tahap biomolekuler, toluena merubah struktur lipid pada membran sel, sehingga terjadi peningkatan kadar MDA plasma dan jaringan. Pada Sistem Saraf Pusat, toluena bisa melewati sawar otak dan menyebabkan gangguan pada serebelum otak sehingga dapat meningkatkan kadar MDA serta terjadi perubahan struktur pada dinding sel astrosit. Metode : Untuk mengetahui efek pajanan toluena selama 14 hari dengan dosis dibawah nilai ambang pada organ serebelum otak, dan dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar MDA serebelum otak, serta kerusakan dari sel Astrosit, menggunakan lima kelompok tikus jenis Wistar jantan dengan pajanan sebesar 1,6 ml; 3,2 ml; 6,4 ml; 12,8 ml; dan kelompok kontrol tanpa pajanan. Hasil: Analisis uji nilai kadar MDA serebelum otak menggunakan One Way Anova dengan hasil tidak ada perbedaan rerata (p=0.133) antar kelompok pajanan dengan kelompok kontrol, dan analisis jumlah sel Astrosit dengan menggunakan One Way Anova didapatkan (p=0,310) dengan hasil tidak ada perbedaan antar kelompok pajanan. Kesimpulan : Tidak ada perbedaan rerata pada kelompok pajanan pada nilai MDA serebelum Otak maupun jumlah Sel Astrosit yang terpajan toluena dengan dosis dibawah nilai ambang.

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Backgrounds : Toluene is a solvent commonly used in various industries such as in the manufacture of paint, glue and others. Toluene has lipophilic properties and toxic effects to some organs such as the central nervous system. At this stage of biomolecular, toluene alters the structure of the lipids in cell membranes, resulting in an increased of plasma and tissue levels of MDA. In the Central Nervous System, toluene can cross the blood brain barrier and cause a disruption in the cerebellum of the brain, thereby increasing the levels of MDA and structural changes in the structure of astrocytes’ cells.

Methods : To determine the effect of toluene exposure for 14 days at doses below the threshold value on the organ brain cerebellum and cerebellar MDA examination of the brain, as well as causing damage to Astrocytes cells, using five groups of male Wistar rats with four types of exposure of 1.6 ml; 3.2 ml; 6.4 ml; 12.8 ml; and a control group without exposure.

Results : MDA value analysis test brain cerebellum using One Way Anova showed no significance mean difference (p = 0.133) between the exposed group and the control group. From the analysis of the number of cells Astrocytes using One Way Anova that obtained (p = 0.310) with no difference in outcomes among exposed groups.

Conclusion : There was no significance difference in the group mean exposure to MDA values and the number of cells of the cerebellum Brain Astrocytes exposed to toluene at a dose below the threshold value."

"Latar belakang: Toluen masih banyak digunakan oleh industri sebagai bahan pelarut dan bahan mentah, walaupun telah diketahui dapat berdampak negatif terhadap kesehatan tenaga kerja. Dampak ini dapat diperkecil dengan melakukan pemantauan lingkungan kerja terpajan toluen dan kesehatan tenaga kerjanya secara teratur.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pajanan toluen dan faktor-faktor risiko lain terhadap kadar asam hipurat urin tenaga kerja suatu pabrik sepeda motor di Jakarta.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan disain eksperimental kuasi, menjaring data melalui wawancara terstruktur , pemeriksaan fisik dan pemeriksaan sampel urin sebanyak 3 kali [sebelum (pagi hari 1) dan sesudah (sore hari I dan II) terpajan toluen] terhadap 78 subyek penelitian (terpajan langsung dan tidak langsung) yang terdiri dari 42 subyek penelitian di unit pengecatan baja dan 36 subyek penelitian di unit pengecatan plastik Parameter yang dipakai pada penelitian ini adalah kadar asam hipurat/kreatinin urin (AH). Kadar uap toluen di lingkungan kerja dianalisis dengan cara kromalografi gas dan kadar asam hipurat urin dianalisis dengan cara high performance liquid chromatography.Hasil: Kadar uap toluen di unit pengecatan berkisar antara 0,6882-3,4429 bds dan AH seluruh subyek penelitian berkisar antara 0,0006-0,6356 gig. Terdapat peningkatan AH yang bermakna secara slatistik di antara ketiga pemeriksaan urin (p within < 0,05). Faktor risiko yang berpengaruh pada perbedaan rerata AH adalah tempat kerja (p between = 0,051) dan minum alkohol (p between = 0,006). Rerala AH di unit pengecatan plastik lebih tinggi dari pada di unit pengecatan baja. AH kelompok peminum alkohol lebih rendah dibanding dengan kelompok tidak minum alkohol. Dengan membandingkan pads rerata AH sebelum terpajan toluen, rerata AH sesudah terpajan toluen hari II lebih tinggi dibanding hari I (p 0,000).Kesimpulan: Walaupun terdapat peningkatan AH pada hari I dan II sesudah terpajan toluen, akan tetapi kadar uap toluen dan AH di unit pengecatan masih dibawah nilai ambang batas yang diperkenankan (NAB toluen = 50 bds dan BEI toluen = 2,5 gram asam hipurat/gram kreatinin win).

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The influence of Toluene Exposure and other Risk Factors Fowards the Level of Hippuric Acid in Urine of Workers in Painting Unit of the Factory PT. X Background: Toluene as a solvent and raw material, still being used in many industries, although has been recognized of having negative impact towards workers' health. Both exposure area and the workers' health could be prevented from this harmful effect by monitoring regularly. The aim of this study is to search the influence of toluene exposure and other risk factors in the workplace environment towards the level of hippuric acid in urine, at a motorcycle factory in Jakarta.

Methods: This study was using a quasi-experimental design. Data were collected by interview, physical examination, and three times of urine examination (before [l' day of week] and after [1' and 2nd days of week] toluene exposure) of 78 subjects (direct and indirect exposure) consisting of 42 subjects in steel painting unit and 36 subjects in plastic painting unit. The parameter used in this study is hippuric acid level in urine that had corrected by creatinine urine (HA). Using gas chromatography method for examination of toluene vapor and high performance liquid chromatography method for examination of hippuric acid in urine were carried out this study.

Results: Toluene vapor level in painting units were at range 0,6882-3,4429 ppm and HA of all responders were at range 0,0006-0,6356 gig. There had statistically significant increasing of the HA among 3-laboratory of urine analysis (p within < 0.05). Risk factors that influenced the different means of HA were workplaces (p between = 0.051) and drink alcohol (p between = 0.006). The means of HA in plastic painting unit were higher than in steel painting unit. The drinkers had lower HA compare with nondrinkers. Compared with HA before exposure, the means of HA after toluene exposure on god day were higher than 1# day (p = 0.000).

Conclusions: Even though it was noted an increasing of HA at 1' and 2°d days after toluene exposure, however the toluene vapor level and HA in workplace were still below the permissible threshold limit values (TLV toluene = 50 ppm and BEI toluene = 2,5 gram hippuric acid/gram creatinine urin)."