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Abstrak :
Penelitian mengenai kemampuan Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms menyerap logam Fe dalam 3 variasi ukuran telah dilakukan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan eceng gondok dalam penyerapan logam Fe, mengetahui nilai faktor biokonsentrasi, dan tranlokasi serta efektivitas eceng gondok dalam mengurangi kadar logam Fe pada perairan berdasarkan variasi ukuran kecil, sedang, dan besar. Penelitian dilakukan agar dapat diimplementasikan pada perairan Situ Agathis Universitas Indonesia yang sudah tercemar oleh logam berat Fe. Penelitian dilakukan selama 14 hari dengan menggunakan 5 individu eceng gondok pada setiap perlakuan. Perlakuan penelitian dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok perlakuan, yaitu kelompok kontrol, kelompok yang diberikan logam FeCl3 5 ppm dan kelompok yang diberikan logam FeCl3 10 ppm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa eceng gondok dapat menyerap logam Fe dan dapat mentranslokasikannya dari bagian akar, ke bagian tangkai, dan daun. Eceng gondok berukuran kecil dan sedang paling efektif dalam menyerap logam Fe dengan efektivitas penurunan sebesar 99,98 %. Penyerapan logam Fe tertinggi terjadi pada eceng gondok ukuran kecil dengan perlakuan logam FeCl3 5 ppm yakni berjumlah 20.206,3 ppm ......Research on the ability of Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms to absorb Fe metal in 3 size variations has been carried out. The aim of this study was to determine the ability of water hyacinth to absorb Fe, determine the value of bioconcentration and translocation factors as well as the effectiveness of water hyacinth in reducing Fe metal content in waters based on small, medium and large size variations. The research was conducted so that it could be implemented in the waters of Situ Agathis University of Indonesia which had been contaminated by heavy metal Fe. The study was conducted for 14 days using 5 individual water hyacinths in each treatment. The research treatments were divided into three treatment groups, namely the control group, the group given 5 ppm FeCl3 metal and the group given 10 ppm FeCl3 metal. The results showed that water hyacinth can absorb Fe metal and can translocate it from the roots, to the stalks and leaves. Small and medium water hyacinths were the most effective in absorbing Fe metal with a reduction effectiveness of 99.98%. The highest absorption of Fe metal occurred in small water hyacinths treated with 5 ppm FeCl3 metal, amounting to 20,206.3 ppm

Abstrak :
In general, it was assumed that the chromosome aberration induced by ionizing radiation is proportional to the chromosome size. From this viewpoint, the higher chromosome size, the more resistant to radiation. However, different opinions, in which chromosomes are particularly sensitive or resistant to radiation, are also still followed until now. Here in this research, we compared the chromosome sensitivity between chromosomes number 1, 2, and 4 using the FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) technique. From this research, we expect that the information obtained could show clearly whether a longer chromosome is more frequently involved in translocations and also more resistant to radiation than a shorter one. The type of chromosome aberration considered was limited only to translocation and we used one sample donor in order to avoid donor variability. The whole blood from a healthy female was irradiated with γ-rays with doses of 1, 3 and 5 Gy, respectively. Isolated lymphocytes from the whole blood were then cultured for 48 hours. After the culture process was completed, preparations of harvest and metaphase chromosomes were carried out. Chromosomes 1, 2, and 4 were stained with different fluorochromes. The translocation of each chromosome at each dose point was subsequently evaluated from 50 images obtained from an automated metaphase finder and capturing system. An additional analysis was performed to identify which chromosome arm was more frequently involved in translocation. Further analyses were also conducted with the aim of determining which chromosome band had a higher frequency of radiation-induced breakage. The experimental results showed that chromosome number 4 was more frequently involved in translocations compared to chromosomes 1 and 2 at 5 Gy. In contrast, at doses of 1 and 3 Gy translocations involving chromosomes number 1 and 2 were more numerous compared to the ones involving chromosome 4. However, if the number of translocation was accumulated for all the doses applied, the chromosome number 4 was the chromosome most frequently involved in translocations. Breakpoint analysis revealed that in chromosome 1, chromosome 2, and chromosome 4, the highest chromosome bands as break position were in band q32, p13, and q21, respectively. It can be concluded that chromosome 4 is more sensitive to radiation in all doses point, despite having less DNA content than chromosomes 1 and 2. Thus, it was showed that our research cannot support the general assumption about chromosome aberration induced by radiation being proportional to DNA content.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan penelitian translokasi klorpirifos (Q,O-diethyl-0-3,5,6-irichloro-2 pyridyl phosphorolhioate) karbofuran (2, 3-dihydro-2, 2-dirnethyl-7-benzo frrranyl metylcarbamate), dan lindan (1, 2, 3,4,5,6-hexachloro cycla hexane) pada tanaman padi dan penurunan konsentrasinya di dalam tanah. Penelitian dilakukan di Instalasi Laboratorium Biokimia & Enzimatik dan Instalasi Rumah Kaca, Balai Penelitian Bioteknologi Tanaman Pangan Bogor. Penelitian translokasi insektisida menggunakan tanaman padi varietas IR. 64 dan 3 jenis insektisida karbofuran, klorpirifos dan lindan dengan dosis setara 1 kg/ha. Translokasi insektisida pada tanaman padi dirunut dengan mengukur kandungan residu insektisida pada daun, batang, malai dan beras dengan selang waktu pengamatan 5, 10, 15, 25 dan 30 had setelah aplikasi (HSA) untuk insektisida karbofuran dan klorpirifos, sedangkan selang waktu 5, 15, 25, 35 dan 45 HSA untuk insektisida lindan. Pada penelitian penurunan konsentrasi insektisida digunakan tiga jenis tanah yang berasal dari Wonosari (Jawa Tengah), Bekasi dan Karawang (Jawa Barat) dan 3 jenis insektisida yaitu karbofuran, klorpirifos dan lindan dengan konsentrasi masing-masing 0,45 ppm. Pengamatan laju penurunan konsentrasi insektisida dilakukan dengan cara mengukur kandungan residu insektisida karbofuran dan klorpirifos pada selang waktu 0, 20, 40, 60 dan 80 HSA dan 0, 25, 50, 75 dan 100 HSA untuk lindan. Aplikasi insektisida dilakukan dua kali pada fase vegetatif (5 MST-minggu setelah tanam) dan fase generatif (10 MST). Kandungan residu insektisida pada tanaman padi dan tanah diukur dengan alat kromatografi gas cairan yang dilengkapi dengan detektor ECD. Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) yang disusun secara faktorial dengan 3 faktor dan 2 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa insektisida karbofuran, klorpirifos dan lindan ditranslokasikan ke daun, batang, malai dan beras. Residu insektisida pada daun padi paling banyak ditemukan kemudian diikuti pada batang, malai dan beras, Penurunan konsentrasi residu insektisida pada tanah Karawang lebih tinggi daripada tanah Wonosari dan Bekasi. Laju penurunan konsentrasi insektisida karbofuran (t1/2 = 10,0 hari) lebih cepat daripada insektisida lindan (t1/2 = 63,2 hari) dan klorpirifos (ti.12,9 hari) pada tanah Karawang.

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ABSTRACT The chlorpyrifos (0,0-diethyl 0-3,5, 6-trichloro-2 pyridyl phosphoro hioate), carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl metylcarbamate), lindane (1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro cyclo hexane) insecticides translocation research has been conducted on paddy and its concentration decrease in soil. The research was conducted at the Biochemistry & Enzymatic Laboratory and the Green House of the Research Institute for Food Crops Biotechnology. The insecticide research used IR 64 paddy variety and 3 kinds of insecticides, namely: carbofuran, chlorpyrifos and lindane with the dosage equals to 1 kg a.i.lha. The insecticide translocation in the paddy was discovered by measuring the insecticide residues conten on the leaf, stem and panicle on the observation interval time of 5, 10, 15, 25 and 30 days after the treatment (DAT) for the chlorpyrifos and carbofuran insecticides and 5, 15, 25, 35 and 45 DAT for the lindane insecticide. Whereas on the insecticide concentration decrease research utilized 3 types of soil come from Wonosari (Middle Java), Bekasi and Karawang (West Java) and 3 types of insecticides, namely: chlorpyrifos, carbofuran and lindane with each concentration of 0.45 ppm. The rate of concentration decrease was observed by measuring the insecticide residue content in the soils at the time interval of 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 DAT (chlorpyrifos and carbofuran) while the lindane at the time interval of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 DAT. The insecticide treatment was done twice on the vegetative phase (5 WAP-weeks after planting) and the generative phase (10 WAP). The insecticide residue content on the paddy and the soil was determined by the gas liquid chromatograph equipped with the ECD detector. The design of the research used the complete random design with 3 factors and 2 replication. The results showed that the vegetative phase (on the stem and panicle) and in the generative phase (stem, leaf and the panicle) was recognized the chlorpyrifos, carbofuran and lindane insecticide residues. The insecticide residues translocation of chlorpyrifos, carbofuran and lindane was higher in leaves than in the stem and panicle. The concentration decrease of chlorpyrifos, carbofuran and lindane insecticide residues in Karawang soil's was higher than in the sail from Wonosari and Bekasi. The rate of concentration decrease of carbofuran (ti = 10,0 days) was faster than lindane (t ½ = 63,2 days) and chlorpyrifos (t1/2 = 12,9 days).

Abstrak :
This book presents an overview of our current knowledge of endocytosis in plants with a main focus on the key molecules undergoing and regulating endocytosis. It also provides up to date methodological approaches as well as principles of protein, structural lipid, sugar and microbe internalization in plant cells. The individual chapters describe clathrin-mediated and fluid-phase endocytosis, as well as flotillin-mediated endocytosis and internalization of microbes.