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"ABSTRAKTingginya angka infeksi virus dengue (DENV) di Indonesia merupakan masalahkesehatan yang masih belum tertangani. Pengobatan infeksi DENV hingga saat inimasih mengandalkan imunitas penderita. Berbagai jenis antiviral DENV sedangdikembangkan, salah satunya menggunakan rekayasa genetika berbasis sekuensuntranslated region (UTR). Namun data mengenai UTR DENV masih sedikit. Olehkarena itu, penulis melakukan penelitian untuk menganalisa sekuens danfilogenetik UTR DENV-1. Dalam penelitian ini, dua strain Indonesia dibandingkandengan 25 strain dari GenBank menggunakan program Genetyx 5.1. Hasilpenelitian ini menunjukan bahwa terdapat beberapa sekuens yang lestari, sehinggamemenuhi kriteria sebagai target siRNA, yaitu 3’UAR, CS1, CS2, dan RCS2.Sementara sekuens 5’ UTR tidak memenuhi syarat siRNA karena ditemukanperubahan pada beberapa strain, termasuk strain Indonesia. Filogenetikmenggunakan UTR tidak sesuai dengan filogenetik envelope dan tidak dapatdigunakan untuk menjelaskan pola penyebaran DENV-1.

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ABSTRACTHigh prevalence of dengue virus (DENV) infection still become an unresolved issuein Indonesia. Treatment for DENV infection relies heavily on natural immunity.Various DENV antivirals are on development, one of them is untranslated region(UTR)-sequence-based. However, there is only a few number of data available onUTR DENV. Therefore, this research was done to analyze the sequence andphylogenetic of UTR DENV-1. Two Indonesia strains were compared with 25strains from GenBank using the Genetyx 5.1 program. There are four conservedsequences that fill criteria as siRNA targets, which are 3’UAR, CS1, CS2, andRCS2. 5’UTR sequence does not fill the siRNA criteria because mutations werefound within some strains, including Indonesia strains. Phylogenetic using UTRdoes not fit envelope phylogenetic and can not be used to explain the DENV-1pattern."

"Currently, we reported results of a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay specific 5` untranslated region (UTR)region of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome that showed three different patterns of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)fragments (single expected specific DNA band, single DNA band higher in size than an expected band, and multipleDNA bands). Three isolates (Isolate A, B, and C), representing all the three DNA bands, were analyzed by usingphylogenetic trees. The results showed that the Isolate A, B, and C were classified into HCV genotypes 2, 1, and 3,respectively. The Isolate A and B were very closely related to viral isolates from Madagascar and Brazil, respectivelyand were not closely related to other Indonesia isolates. In contrast with the Isolate A and B, the Isolate C was veryclosely related to another Indonesia isolate. Among all there isolates, the Isolate C was very closely related to anIndonesia isolate detected from a cirrhosis patient, indicating that the Isolate C might be more virulence than the IsolateB and C. However, a complete genome-based comprehensive genetic characterization for all the three isolates needs tobe conducted in future research to confirm all findings in this study.Analisis Filogenetik Berbasis Region5` yang Tidak Ditranslasikan Sebagian (Partly 5` UTR) terhadap Tiga IsolatVirus Hepatitis C di Jakarta, Indonesia: Kajian Pendahuluan. Makalah ini adalah laporan hasil pengujian genomHCV dengan metode nested PCR 5` UTR spesifik yang menunjukkan adanya tiga pola fragmen DNA yang berbeda(untai DNA spesifik yang diekspektasi tunggal, untai DNA tunggal yang berukuran lebih tinggi daripada untai yangdiekspektasi, dan untai DNA majemuk). Tiga isolat (Isolat A, B, dan C) yang mewakili tiga berkas DNA itu dianalisisdengan pohon filogenetik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Isolat A, B, dan C tergolong genotipe HCV 2, 1, dan 3secara berturut-turut. Isolat A dan B masing-masing berhubungan erat dengan isolat virus dari Madagaskar dan Brazil,meskipun keduanya tidak berhubungan erat dengan isolat dari Indonesia. Berbeda dengan isolat A dan B, Isolat Cberhubungan erat dengan isolat dari Indonesia. Di antara ketiga isolat, Isolat C memiliki hubungan paling erat denganisolat Indonesia yang ditemukan pada seorang pasien kirosis. Hal ini menunjukkan adanya kemungkinan bahwa Isolat Clebih berbahaya daripada Isolat B dan C. Bagaimanapun, karakterisasi genetis komprehensif berbasis genom yanglengkap terhadap ketiga isolat perlu dilaksanakan pada kajian-kajian berikutnya untuk mendukung hasil penelitian ini."

"Currently, we reported results of a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay specific 5` untranslated region (UTR) region of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome that showed three different patterns of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragments (single expected specific DNA band, single DNA band higher in size than an expected band, and multiple DNA bands). Three isolates (Isolate A, B, and C), representing all the three DNA bands, were analyzed by using phylogenetic trees. The results showed that the Isolate A, B, and C were classified into HCV genotypes 2, 1, and 3, respectively. The Isolate A and B were very closely related to viral isolates from Madagascar and Brazil, respectively and were not closely related to other Indonesia isolates. In contrast with the Isolate A and B, the Isolate C was very closely related to another Indonesia isolate. Among all there isolates, the Isolate C was very closely related to an Indonesia isolate detected from a cirrhosis patient, indicating that the Isolate C might be more virulence than the Isolate B and C. However, a complete genome-based comprehensive genetic characterization for all the three isolates needs to be conducted in future research to confirm all findings in this study."