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"Pemberdayaan perempuan adalah sebuah proses dimana perempuan mendapatkan kekuatan dan kendali atas kehidupan mereka dan memperoleh kemampuan untuk membuat pilihan strategis. Meskipun kemajuan besar dalam pemberdayaan perempuan terlihat secara bertahap, perempuan terus menghadapi diskriminasi di setiap belahan dunia. Hingga saat ini, perempuan masih memperjuangkan haknya dengan menyuarakan pemberdayaan perempuan melalui berbagai media, termasuk musik. Kajian ini menganalisis Five Women’s Empowerment Components (European Institute for Gender Equality, 2016) dalam Run the World (Girls) karya Beyoncé dengan melakukan Critical Discourse Analysis, khususnya dengan menganalisisnya dengan Halliday’s Metafunctions of Language (1994) yang terdapat pada liriknya. Setelah melihat pengalaman perempuan, sikap penyanyi, dan keseluruhan tema dan lirik lagu yang dianalisis dengan metafungsi bahasa, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa melalui lagu Run the World (Girls), Beyoncé mencakup kelima aspek pemberdayaan perempuan, yaitu: (1) perolehan harga diri perempuan; (2) hak perempuan untuk memiliki dan menentukan pilihan; (3) hak perempuan untuk memiliki akses terhadap peluang dan sumber daya; (4) hak perempuan untuk memiliki kekuasaan dan kendali atas kehidupan domestik dan publik mereka; dan (5) meningkatnya kemampuan perempuan untuk melakukan perubahan sosial, baik secara nasional maupun internasional. Studi ini berkontribusi pada pembahasan wacana pemberdayaan perempuan.

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Women’s empowerment is a process by which women gain power and control over their lives and acquire the ability to make strategic choices. Although a great deal of progress in women’s empowerment is gradually seen, women continue to face discrimination in every part of the world. Up to this day, women still fight for their rights by voicing out women’s empowerment through various media, including music. This study analyzed Five Women’s Empowerment Components (European Institute for Gender Equality, 2016) in Beyoncé’s Run the World (Girls) by doing a Critical Discourse Analysis, specifically by analyzing it with Halliday’s Metafunctions of Language (1994) that are present in the lyrics. After looking at women’s experiences, the singer’s attitude, and the overall theme and lyrics of the song analyzed by the metafunctions of language, this study concludes that through the song Run the World (Girls), Beyoncé is covering all five aspects of women’s empowerment, which are: (1) women’s gain of self-worth; (2) women’s right to have and to determine choices; (3) women’s right to have access to opportunities and resources; (4) women’s right to have power and control over their domestic and public lives; and (5) women’s gain of ability to make social change, both nationally and internationally. This study contributes to the discussion of women’s empowerment discourses."

"Adanya ketimpanga antara indeks pembangunan manusia perempuan dan laki-laki dan juga amanat RPJMN mengenai kesetaraan gender perlu diperhatikan. Pemberdayaan perempuan melalui keuangan mikro sudah lama dijalankan dan memang merupakan sasaran utama bagi lembaga keuangan mikro yang menjalankannya. Dengan Banyaknya penelitian mengenai pemberdayaan perempuan, perlu adanya suatu analisis mengenai bagaimana bentuk pemberdayaan yang dilakukan oleh lembaga keuangan mikro. Penulisan ini menggunakan metode literatur review yang membahas mengenai lima lembaga keuangan mikro dari penelitian yang sudah ada, kemudian dianalisis mengenai bagaimana bentuk pemberdayaan perempuan yang dilakukan oleh lembaga keuangan tersebut dan bagaimana dampaknya bagi perempuan yang menerimanya. Tulisan ini menghasilkan sebuah temuan bahwa pemberdayaan yang dilakukan oleh keuangan mikro adalah intermediasi keuangan, intermediasi sosial, serta pelatihan pengembangan kapasitas. Model lembaga keuangan mikro yang menyediakan lengkap disebut sebagai pendekatan integratif, dampak dari adanya pemberdayaan yang dilakukan oleh lembaga keuangan mikro ini antara lain terbukanya akses perempuan terhadap layanan keuangan, meningkatnya pendapatan dan usaha yang dijalankan, serta meningkatnya kapasitas diri dan sosial. Dengan layanan yang dilakukan oleh lembaga keuangan mikro ini, perempuan menjadi lebih berdaya setidaknya dalam level ekonomi seperti peningkatan pendapatan yang selaras dengan kemampuan untuk membeli, namun demikian pemberdayaan belum sampai pada level sosial politik yang lebih tinggi. Lembaga keuangan mikro ini merupakan batu loncatan bagi perempuan untuk dapat berdaya di level level yang lebih tinggi.

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The existence of disparities between the human development index of women and men and the mandate of the RPJMN regarding gender equality needs to be considered. Empowerment of women through microfinance has long been implemented and is indeed the main target for microfinance institutions that run it. With so many studies on women's empowerment, there needs to be an analysis of how the forms of empowerment are carried out by microfinance institutions. This writing uses a literature review method which discusses five microfinance institutions from existing research, then analyzes how the forms of women's empowerment are carried out by these financial institutions and how the impact on women who receive them. This paper produces a finding that the empowerment carried out by microfinance is financial intermediation, social intermediation, and capacity building training. The model of microfinance institutions that provides a complete set is referred to as an integrative approach, the impact of the empowerment carried out by these microfinance institutions include opening up women's access to financial services, increasing income and running businesses, as well as increasing self and social capacity. With the services provided by these microfinance institutions, women become more empowered at least at the economic level, such as an increase in income that is in line with the ability to buy, however empowerment has not yet reached a higher socio-political level. This microfinance institution is a steppingstone for women to be empowered at a higher level"

"Sebagai salah satu rujukan penting untuk memahami pikiran sesama perempuan, majalah perempuan merupakan sarana potensial untuk memberdayakan perempuan. Tesis ini meneliti gagasan pemberdayaan perempuan dalam editorial rubrik Glamour News Majalah Glamour USA yang dimaksudkan Redaksi Glamour sebagai sarana untuk menyatakan keberpihakan Glamour terhadap isyu-isyu perempuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menunjukkan bagaimana gagasan pemberdayaan perempuan direpresentasikan dalam editorial Glamour sepanjang tahun 2007 serta bagaimana editorial Glamour berperan sebagai diskursus tentang pemberdayaan perempuan. Penelltian bersifat kualitatif dan menggunakan metode analisis framing. Hasil analisis memperlihatkan, Glamour memaknai pemberdayaan perempuan Amerika Serikat sebagai hak penuh untuk mengendalikan tubuhnya sendiri; rasa percaya diri dalam bekerja; kemampuan mengatasi diskriminasi di tempat kerja; kemampuan untuk memenuhi kriteria perempuan ideal versi Glamour; pengetalman menyeluruh tentang masalah kesehatan perempuan; kemampuan mclakukan tindakan kongkret untuk menolong sesama perempuan pada khususnya dan terhadap dunia pada umunmya. Hubungan antara Glamour dengan pembacanya merupakan hubungan hegemonik. Hal itu lercermin dari earn Glamour dengan memosisikan diri sebagai penentu makna sebagai pengetahuan yang harus diikuti oleh pembacanya. Secara umum, editorial Glamour mencerminkan nilai-nilai budaya Amerika seperti sikap pragmatis, orientasi pada keunggulan, dan sense of mission untuk "menyelamatkan dunia", termasuk sifat paradoks budaya Amerika dengan rnemperHhatkan inkonsistensi dalam memaknai pemberdayaan perempuan Amerika Serikat.

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As one of the important references for women to better understand each other, women's magazines are a potential means to empower women. This thesis analyzes the idea of women's empowerment in the editorials of Glamour News in Glamour magazine USA that are intended by the Glamour editorial team as a means to affirm Glamours taking sides in female issues. This research aims to show how the idea of women's empowerment is represented in Glamour editorials throughout 2007 and how the Glamour editorials played a role as a place of discourse on the empowerment of women. This thesis is qualitative in character and uses the framing analysis method.

The results of this analysis show that Glamour gives meaning to women's empowerment in the United States of America: to own the full right to control one's own body; self-confidence in carrying out a profession; the ability to formulate what being a woman is; the ability to overcome discrimination in the work place; the ability to fulfill the criteria of Glamour's version of the ideal woman; broad knowledge of female health problems; and the ability to take tangible action to express empathy toward other women specifically and the world in general The relationship between Glamour and its readers is a hegemonic relationship. This is reflected in the manner Glamour positions itself as the determiner of knowledge that should be followed by its readers. In general, Glamour editorials reflect the cultural values of America, such as pragmatism, orientation to win. and a sense of mission "to save the world” including the paradoxical character of American culture in its inconsistent way of giving meaning to American womens empowerment."

"Sinar Iboe is a woman-orienteed rubric that a local press was published in West Kalimantan in 1928. This paper will discuss the idea that arises from the rubric and the impact of those ideas in the period of national movement. The method to do the research is historical research method. The results show that the ideas that surfaced from Sinar Iboe was different from other women rubrcis that emerged during the period of national movement in West Kalimantan. The Sinar Iboe rubric are more focused on the discussion of woman and their roles in public field like in social organization, education, and health."

"[ABSTRAKArtikel ilmiah ini ditulis dengan tujuan untuk mengkaji budaya popular berupa isu konsumerisme pada kesuksesan penjualan produk Tupperware di pasaran. Selain itu, artikel ini juga mengkaji isu feminisme yang tampak pada peranan perempuan yang menjadi tenaga penjual langsung produk Tupperware. Manfaat artikel ini adalah sebagai alternatef dalam melihat dan memahami pencapaian sukses Tupperware dari sisi lain, yakni dari peranan para perempuan yang menjadi tenaga penjual langsungnya. Adapun mengenai konsep choice feminism sendiri adalah merupakan bagian dari feminism gelombang baru yang menekankan pentingnya rasa nyaman pada diri perempuan dalam memilih hal-hal yang diinginkannya. Di dalam artikel ini, konsep choice feminism digunakan sebagai panduan untuk menelaah apa dan bagaimana Tupperware menempatkan perempuan, khususnya ibu rumah tangga, sebagai penentu kesuksesan komersialnya

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ABSTRACTThis paper aims to examine the issue of popular culture in the form of consumerism on the sales success of Tupperware products on the market. Additionally, this article also examines the issue of feminism which appears in the role of women as direct sellers for Tupperware brand. Benefit of the article is as an alternative point of view to see and to understand the success story of Tupperware, which is from the role of its women direct seller. The concept of choice feminism itself is actually part of new wave feminism which emphasizes the importance of sense of comfort for women in choosing the things they want. Related to the marketing success of Tupperware products, choice feminism concept is used as a guide to find out what and how this brand puts women, especially housewives, as determinant of its commercial success.;This paper aims to examine the issue of popular culture in the form of consumerism on the sales success of Tupperware products on the market. Additionally, this article also examines the issue of feminism which appears in the role of women as direct sellers for Tupperware brand. Benefit of the article is as an alternative point of view to see and to understand the success story of Tupperware, which is from the role of its women direct seller. The concept of choice feminism itself is actually part of new wave feminism which emphasizes the importance of sense of comfort for women in choosing the things they want. Related to the marketing success of Tupperware products, choice feminism concept is used as a guide to find out what and how this brand puts women, especially housewives, as determinant of its commercial success., This paper aims to examine the issue of popular culture in the form of consumerism on the sales success of Tupperware products on the market. Additionally, this article also examines the issue of feminism which appears in the role of women as direct sellers for Tupperware brand. Benefit of the article is as an alternative point of view to see and to understand the success story of Tupperware, which is from the role of its women direct seller. The concept of choice feminism itself is actually part of new wave feminism which emphasizes the importance of sense of comfort for women in choosing the things they want. Related to the marketing success of Tupperware products, choice feminism concept is used as a guide to find out what and how this brand puts women, especially housewives, as determinant of its commercial success.]"

"This study compares the portrayal of R.A. Kartini, an Indonesian female national heroine, in the biopics Sjumandjaya’s R.A. Kartini (1982) and Bramantyo’s Kartini (2017). The films were produced in the New Order and post-Reformation eras respectively, with social and cultural values translating into context-shaped standpoints in interpreting the figure of Kartini’s. Kartini is a role model associated with empowered Indonesian women and equality in education; therefore, films produced in different social and political contexts retelling her story give insights into how these issues were framed during these eras. This study uses film discourse interpretation analysis referencing dialogues and gestures from the films to discuss power relations between male-femalecharacters, the issue of silence and women’s voice, and sisterhood. The study finds that, although both films reconfirm the already imprinted patriarchalsociety’s images of Kartini in particular and women in general, there are collective efforts to rethink and question the status quo."

"Feminisasi kemiskinan memperlihatkan lebih besarnya jumlah perempuan penyandang kemiskinan dibandingkan dengan laki-laki. Sayangnya, fenomena ini masih terjadi di Indonesia dilihat dari ketidaksetaraan gender dan ketimpangan kemiskinan antara perempuan dan laki-laki. Berbeda dengan negara tetangganya, Filipina telah berada di peringkat 10 besar dunia dalam hal kesetaraan gender tahun 2018. Indonesia dan Filipina sama-sama telah mengadopsi model kuangan dan usaha mikro untuk memberdayakan perempuan dan meminimalisir feminisasi kemiskinan perempuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan faktor sosial dan budaya yang memunculkan feminisasi kemiskinan di Indonesia dan Filipina, serta membandingkan program keuangan dan usaha mikro di Indonesia dan Filipina dalam pengaruhnya menanggulangi feminisasi kemiskinan. Urgensi dari penelitian ini adalah terungkapnya persamaan dan perbedaan feminisasi kemiskinan serta keuangan mikro di Indonesia dan Filipina agar dapat menjadi pembelajaran bagi lembaga keuangan mikro Indonesia untuk kesejahteraan perempuan di Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah tinjauan pustaka, dimana penulis meninjau berbagai literatur seperti jurnal, buku, laporan terkait dengan rentang waktu publikasi tidak terbatas. Penelitian membandingkan faktor sosial budaya berdasarkan penyebab feminisasi kemiskinan yaitu kemiskinan kultural dan struktural. Secara kultural Indonesia dan Filipina memiliki budaya tradisional yang merugikan perempuan. Namun, kedua negara ini telah menuju pada pembangunan yang setara gender, terlebih Filipina dalam kebijakannya yang bersifat Gender Mainstreaming. Hasil komparasi selanjutnya adalah perbandingan program keuangan mikro, yaitu PNM Mekaar dari Indonesia berusia 6 tahun dan Proyek Dungganon dari Filipina yang berusia lebih dari 30 tahun menggunakan aspek-aspek dari buku Microfinance handbook: An institutional and financial perspective oleh Joanna Ledgerwood, yaitu tujuan program, penargetan program, intermediasi sosial, serta analisis dampak. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kedua program sama-sama memiliki tujuan pembangunan khas serta sama-sama bersifat penargetan tidak langsung. Intermediasi sosial PNM Mekaar berupa sistem tanggung renteng sementara Proyek Dungganon berupa sistem kelompok dengan metode 2-2-1. Demikian pula dengan dampak yang berbeda dari masing-masing program namun telah sejalan dengan tujuan pembangunan yang mereka punya. Jadi kesimpulan dari penelitian ini dapat diketahui bahwa baik PNM Mekaar dan Proyek Dungganon memberi dampak positif terhadap perekonomian nasabahnya meskipun dengan proses peminjaman dan intermediasi sosial yang berbeda dan memiliki ciri khas unik. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberi masukan kepada lembaga keuangan dan usaha mikro untuk pemberdayaan perempuan di Indonesia. Selain itu, menjadi sumbangsih bagi mata kuliah Dimensi Sosial dan Ekonomi bagi Kesejahteraan Sosial serta mata kuliah Masalah Kemiskinan.

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Feminization of poverty is an observation that the number of women living in poverty is greater than that of men. Unfortunately, this phenomenon still occurs in Indonesia, which can be seen from the prevalent gender inequality and poverty inequality between women and men. However, unlike its neighbors, the Philippines has been ranked in the top 10 in the world in terms of gender equality. Indonesia and the Philippines have both adopted financial and micro-enterprise models to empower women and minimize the feminization of poverty. This study aims to describe the social and cultural factors that influence the feminization of poverty in Indonesia and the Philippines. Furthermore, the author aims to analyze and compare the financial and micro-enterprise programs in Indonesia and the Philippines and their influence in overcoming the feminization of poverty in these two countries. The urgency of this research is to reveal the similarities and differences in the feminization of poverty and microfinance in Indonesia and the Philippines so that it can be a lesson for Indonesian microfinance institutions for the welfare of women in Indonesia. The research method used is a literature review, where the author reviews various literatures such as journals, books, reports on related issues, with an unlimited publication time span.. This is done so that the authors can reach various data on a wider scale from abroad, specifically from the Philippines. Research reveals that socio-cultural factors that lead to the feminization of poverty are based on cultural and structural poverty. Culturally, Indonesia and the Philippines have traditional cultures that marginalize women's potential. However, these two countries have been heading towards gender-equal development, especially the Philippines in its Gender Mainstreaming policy. The result of the next comparison is a comparison of microfinance programs, namely PNM Mekaar from Indonesia who is 6 years old and Project Dungganon from the Philippines which is more than 30 years old. The comparison was carried out using aspects from the Microfinance handbook: An institutional and financial perspective by Joanna Ledgerwood, which are: program objectives, program targeting, social intermediation, and impact analysis. Both programs share specific development goals and are both implementing indirect targeting. PNM Mekaar's social intermediation is in the form of a joint responsibility system, while the Dungganon Project is a group system using the 2-2-1 method. Likewise, the different impacts of each program but have been in line with their development goals. So the conclusion of this study can be seen that both PNM Mekaar and the Dungganon Project have a positive impact on the economy of their customers, even though the lending and social intermediation processes are different and have unique characteristics. This research is expected to provide input to financial institutions and micro-enterprises for women's empowerment in Indonesia. In addition, it is a contribution to the Social and Economic Dimensions for Social Welfare courses and the Poverty Problems course."

"Posisi Barbie sebagai “simbol feminisme” telah dipertanyakan karena representasinya atas pemberdayaan perempuan yang mengaitkan kesuksesan dengan pencapaian individu dan penampilan serta gaya hidup tertentu. Terlepas dari pesan feminis mengenai pilihan dan pemberdayaan, film Barbie (2023) yang disutradarai Greta Gerwig meneruskan narasi posfeminisme Barbie dengan mengangkat pendekatan individualistik terhadap pemberdayaan perempuan. Karya tulis ini menganalisis bagaimana posfeminisme dan, selanjutnya, feminisme neoliberal hadir di sepanjang film Barbie dan membahas ambivalensi gerakan feminisme dalam film tersebut. Dengan menganalisis adegan dan dialog dalam film Barbie dan menerapkan posfeminisme serta feminisme neoliberal sebagai kerangka konseptual, Karya tulis ini menemukan bahwa struktur masyarakat Barbie Land melekat dengan karakteristik posfeminisme. Selain itu, struktur kekuasaan di Barbie Land meniru struktur kekuasaan patriarki di Real World (Dunia Nyata) yang berusaha ditantang oleh narasi film Barbie. Solusi untuk patriarki yang ditawarkan berfokus kepada mengambil Kembali kekuasaan mutlak daripada mengatasi permasalahan yang ada di dalam struktur kekuasaan Barbie Land. Hasil studi ini mendorong kajian kritis terhadap budaya media posfeminis yang dapat berkontribusi terhadap tekanan individu yang dialami oleh perempuan dengan kedok “pemberdayaan.”

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Barbie’s position as a “feminist icon” has been questioned due to her representation of women’s empowerment, which associates success with individual achievements and a particular look and lifestyle. Despite the feminist message of choice and empowerment, the live-action adaptation Barbie (2023), directed by Greta Gerwig, sustains the postfeminist narrative of Barbie as it promotes an individualistic approach to women’s empowerment. This paper analyses how postfeminism and, by extension, neoliberal feminism is present throughout Barbie and addresses the ambivalence of the feminist movement in the movie. By analysing scenes and dialogues in the film and applying postfeminism and neoliberal feminism as conceptual frameworks, the paper finds that the societal structure of Barbie Land adheres to the characteristics of postfeminism. Furthermore, the power structure in Barbie Land mimics the power structure of the Real World’s patriarchy that it supposedly challenges. The solutions to patriarchy that the movie offers focus more on regaining absolute power rather than addressing the issues within the power structure of Barbie Land. The findings call for a critical examination of postfeminist media culture, which may contribute to the individual pressures that women are experiencing under the guise of women’s empowerment."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara intervensi program pemberdayaan perempuan tingkat netral dan tingkat positif dengan otonomi perempuan secara individual dan kolektif. Kerangka pikir yang melandasi penelitian ini adalah kerangka pemberdayaan perempuan menurut Longwe (1991).Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif berperspektif perempuan, dengan studi kasus program pemberdayaan di Bina Swadaya dan PPSW sebagai bahan kajian. Penelitian secara khusus dilakukan pada enam Kelompok Swadaya Masyarakat (KSM) yang terlibat dalam kegiatan program di dua lembaga tersebut. 71 perempuan anggota KSM berusia antara 20 sampai 50 tahun dengan tingkat pendidikan Madrasah (setingkat SD) sampai Sarjana menjadi sumber informasi termasuk diantaranya 17 orang sebagai subyek penelitian wawancara mendalam, selain itu staf program di Bina Swadaya dan PPSW, serta beberapa orang lainnya seperti tokoh masyarakat, suami subyek penelitian, staf pemerintahan desa menjadi informan.Dapat disimpulkan bahwa peningkatan otonomi kolektif perempuan dalam program tingkat netral tidak diikuti dengan peningkatan otonomi individual perempuan, tetapi dalam program tingkat positif terjadi peningkatan yang signifikan pada otonomi kolektif dan otonomi individual perempuan. Keadaan tersebut memperlihatkan bahwa untuk mencapai otonomi individual dan otonomi kolektif perempuan, permasalahan perempuan hendaknya menjadi perhatian dalam implementasi program pemberdayaan juga merupakan kepentingan lembaga pelaksana program yang secara eksplisit tercermin dalam visi lembaga.

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The Implication of the Empowerment Program for Autonomous Women: Case Study of Program at Neutral Level in Bina Swadaya and at Positive level in PPSWThis research makes attempt to identify a correlation between the intervention of the women's empowerment program at neutral and positive level with autonomy of women as individuals and members of community (collective). Longwe's Women's Empowerment is made use as a frame of thought in this research.This study, using the qualitative method with women's perspectives, evaluates the empowerment program in Bina Swadaya and PPSW. A small research was previously conducted in six Self Help Groups (SHGs), which actively involved in the program conducted in the mentioned institutions. Seventy-one female members of SHGs with age ranging from 20 to 50 years old and education background ranging from Madrasah to (equal to elementary school) to higher education were chosen as resource persons. 17 of which were qualified for in-depth interviews. Several other persons from community representatives, spouses of research subject, and the staff of local administration were also involved in this project as informants.The study concludes that the autonomy of women as members of community (collective) resulted from the program at neutral level does not correlate with the autonomy of women as individuals. However, there is a significant increasing of the autonomy of both as individual and members of community resulted from the program at positive level. Such findings demonstrate the need to include women's specific concern in the program."