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"ABSTRAKJurnal ini berisi tentang analisis kesalahan posisi kata (Wortstellung) pada karangan pembelajar bahasa Jerman tingkat A1. Penelitian ini berfokus pada hasil karangan siswa sekolah menengah atas yang akan mengikuti ujian sertifikat bahasa Jerman tingkat A1. Penelitian ini merupakan sebuah penelitian kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kesalahan Wortstellung terdapat dalam lebih dari setengah dari hasil seluruh karangan siswa. Dalam karangan-karangan tersebut, kebanyakan siswa menggunakan kalimat-kalimat sederhana yang hanya terdiri dari subjek, verba dan objek.

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ABSTRACT

This paper examines an error analysis of word order (Wortstellung) in essays written by A1 learners of German. This study focuses on data collected out of high school student‟s essays, who take exams to get certified for their proficiency in German. The research is conducted qualitatively using case study method. The result of the analysis reveals that more than half the students commited word order error. In constructing sentence, word order errors are visible in the omission of subject, predicate or object made by most students in a common and simple structure"

"Sentence types and word-order patterns in Arabic have been a matter of debate and controversy for a long period of time. They were hotly discussed by the medieval Arab grammarians and continue to be a major topic of discussion among modern scholars. This book describes the development of the medieval grammarians' theory of sentence types; a development from the theory of 'amal, which lies at the heart of medieval Arabic grammatical tradition."."Each major topic is discussed with a view to explore the basic principles underlying the medieval grammarians' arguments. Special attention is given to conceptual problems arising from conflicts with the theory of 'amal. This is followed by an assessment of the contributions made by modern scholars to the analysis and description of the constructions involved. Modern Arabists and linguists are shown to have concentrated on word-order patterns rather than on sentence types, placing special emphasis on the functional aspects of word order variations in Arabic"

"Penelitian mengenai negasi dalam bahasa isyarat belum banyak dilakukan di Indonesia. Memperhatikan situasi tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan negasi dalam bahasa isyarat Indonesia (Bisindo) yang berfokus pada analisis terhadap bentuk penanda manual dan nonmanual serta pola susunan kata dari satu jenis kalimat, yaitu kalimat pernyataan. Penelitian ini menggunakan data berupa rekaman video berbahasa isyarat informan tuli yang berisi 60 kalimat pernyataan negasi dalam Bisindo. Data yang sudah dikumpulkan, selanjutnya ditranskripsi terlebih dahulu untuk mengetahui bentuk penanda manual, penanda nonmanual, serta pola susunan kata dalam kalimat pernyataan negasi Bisindo. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa (1) kalimat pernyataan negasi pada Bisindo dominan menggunakan penanda manual untuk menyatakan negasi; (2) penanda manual yang digunakan untuk menegasikan kalimat adalah TIDAK/BUKAN, BELUM, TIDAK-ADA, TIDAK-MENGERTI, TIDAK-PERNAH/BELUM-PERNAH, TIDAK-SUKA, dan TIDAK-MAU yang cenderung muncul di akhir kalimat; (3) jenis gerakan penanda nonmanual yang digunakan dalam kalimat pernyataan negasi adalah alis naik, alis turun, dan kepala menggeleng, (4) gerakan nonmanual yang paling banyak muncul adalah alis naik, sedangkan penanda manual negasi yang paling banyak digunakan adalah TIDAK/BUKAN; (5) untuk pola susunan kata, ditemukan sebanyak 10 jenis/tipe dan pola SP-Neg muncul dengan jumlah yang paling signifikan.

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Research on negation in sign language has not been extensively conducted in Indonesia. Recognizing this gap, this study aims to describe negation in Indonesian Sign Language (Bisindo) which focuses on analyzing the forms of manual and nonmanual markers, as well as word order patterns in one type of sentence: statement sentences. This study utilizes data in the form of video recordings of deaf informants using sign language, comprising 60 negation statement sentences in Bisindo. The collected data is transcribed to identify the forms of manual markers, nonmanual markers, and word order patterns in Bisindo negation statement sentences. The findings show that (1) negation statement sentences in Bisindo predominantly employ manual markers to express negation; (2) manual markers such as NOT/NOT, NOT-YET, NOTHING, NOT-UNDERSTAND, NEVER, NOT-LIKE, and NOT-WANT are used to negate sentences, often appearing at the end of the sentence; (3) the types of nonmanual marker gestures used in negation statement sentences include raising eyebrows, lowering eyebrows, and shaking the head; (4) the most prevalent nonmanual gesture is raising eyebrows, while the most frequently used negation manual marker is NOT/NOT; (5) concerning word order patterns, 9 types are identified, with the SP-Neg pattern being the most significant."