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"Air hujan adalah sumber air alternatif, yang apabila dikelola dengan baik dapat digunakan untuk membantu mengatasi masalah-masalah ketersediaan air. Salah satu bentuk pemanfaatan air hujan adalah panen air hujan sistem cistern. Panen air hujan sistem cistern adalah penangkapan air hujan yang jatuh ke suatu daerah tangkapan untuk kemudian ditampung di cistern (tangki penyimpan). Terkait hal tersebut, maka dalam penulisan skripsi ini akan dilakukan analisa perbandingan efektivitas antara dua jenis cistern, yaitu cistern atas dan cistern bawah permukaan tanah, yang direncanakan diterapkan di wilayah studi.Penelitian yang dilakukan adalah dengan menganalisa curah hujan yang terjadi di asrama mahasiswa UI depok dan melihat peta penyebaran curah hujan tersebut serta merencanakan suatu panen air hujan sistem cistern di wilayah studi yang direncanakan untuk menampung sebagian dari curah hujan tersebut. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan teori-teori hidrologi dan membandingkan efektivitas kedua jenis cistern tersebut secara teoritis. Diharapkan dari hasil analisa tersebut dapat ditentukan cistern jenis mana yang lebih efektif untuk diterapkan di wilayah studi dalam rangka upaya mengurangi konsumsi air tanah.

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Rainwater is an alternative water source, which if well managed can be used to assist to solve availability of water issues. One of form exploiting of rainwater is rainwater harvesting cistern system. Rainwater harvesting cistern system is capture of rainwater which fall to a catchment area to was later then stored in a cistern (storage tank). Related with that matters, in this final assignment, will be analyze a comparison of effectivity between two kind of cistern, above and underground cistern which planned in study region.

This paper describes an analyze of rainfall run-off that happens in University of Indonesia dormitory and sees the map of spreading rainfall runoff and also plan a rainwater harvesting cistern system in study region, which planned to accommodate some of this rainfall run-off. Data processing conducted by using theory of hydrology and compare effectivity both type of cistern theoretically. Expected from the analysis result, can be determined which type cistern is more effective to be applied in study region for the agenda of effort lessen ground water consumption."

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Wilayah pesisir permukiman nelayan Muara Angke, Jakarta Utara merupakan wilayah yang berpotensi mengalami krisis air bersih. Hal ini dikarenakan terbatasnya jaringan air bersih perpipaan, disertai dengan kualitas air tanah yang buruk akibat telah terintrusi air laut. Dalam situasi ini, air hujan dapat menjadi alternatif sumber air bersih untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan air rumah tangga di wilayah tersebut. Namun, penerapan Sistem Pemanen Air Hujan (SPAH) di permukiman nelayan Muara Angke belum menjadi prioritas. Karenanya, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kebutuhan dan pasokan air bersih saat ini, menganalisis potensi air hujan, merancang SPAH yang sesuai, dan menganalisis modal sosial serta partisipasi dalam pembangunan SPAH. Pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan penyebaran kuesioner, wawancara, pengadaan Forum Group Discussion, dan sosialisasi pada penduduk setempat. Analisis pada penelitian ini dengan metode analisis matematis, deskriptif, dan multidimensional scaling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar penduduk menggunakan 3 sumber air, yaitu air jerigen, air tanah, dan air galon untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari. Biaya pengeluaran penduduk untuk membeli air memiliki porsi yang tinggi, yaitu sebesar 23% dari penghasilan penduduk per bulan. Volume air hujan dapat memenuhi 56% dari total kebutuhan air 2 KK untuk keperluan mandi-kakus-wudhu, dan dapat memenuhi 40% dari total kebutuhan 20 orang penduduk untuk keperluan wudhu. Kualitas air hujan memenuhi standar baku mutu air bersih Permenkes No. 32 tahun 2017. Rancangan SPAH yang sesuai adalah sistem tipe komunal (Tangki 8000 L) dan dibangun di fasilitas umum Mushola RT 10 RW 22. Rancangan ini dapat menghemat 19% (Rp 117.495) dari rata-rata biaya pembelian air 2 KK per bulan dan dapat menghemat 36% (Rp 736.833) dari biaya pembelian air mushola per bulan. Nilai BCR dari proyek ini adalah 2.40 > 1. Pembangunan SPAH komunal dapat memicu bekerjanya modal sosial struktural untuk mengelola air secara terorganisir dan keberlanjutan SPAH sangat bergantung pada partisipasi masyarakat.

 

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The fisheries settlement of Muara Angke, North Jakarta is an area that has the potential to experience a water scarcity due to limited piped water network and accompanied by poor groundwater quality. In this situation, rainwater can be an alternative water source to fulfill water needs in this area. However, the implementation of Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) in Muara Angke has not been a priority. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the current water needs and supply of clean water, analyze the potential of rainwater, design an appropriate RWH, and analyze social capital and participation in RWH development. Data collection in this study was carried out by distributing questionnaires, interviewing, conducting Forum Group Discussion, and Socialization to residents. The analysis in this study are with mathematical analysis method, descriptive, and multidimensional scaling. The result showed that the population used 3 types of water source, namely tank water, groundwater, and gallon water. The expenditure to buy water has a high portion, which is 23% of the population’s income per month. The volume of rainwater can meet 56% of the total water needs two households for bathing, toilet, ablution, and can reach 40% of the overall needs of 20 residents for the needs of ablution. Rainwater quality meets clean water quality standards of Minister of Health Regulation No. 32 year 2017. The appropriate RWH design is a communal type system (Tank 8000 L) and was built in public facilities of Mushola RT 10 RW 22. The model can save 19% (IDR 117.495) from the average cost of purchasing two household water per month and can save 36% (IDR 736.833) of the water cost in Mushola per month. The BCR value of this project is 2.40 > 1. The construction of communal RWH can trigger the operation of structural social capital to manage water in an organized manner, and the sustainability of RWH is highly dependent on community participation.

 

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"Intensitas curah hujan yang cukup tinggi di Indonesia yang tidak dimanfaatkandengan optimal mempengaruhi keseimbangan neraca air, serta grey water yangtidak diolah kembali akan mempengaruhi kualitas badan air dan berdampak padamenurunnya kualitas lingkungan. Konsep pembangunan seperti green buildingyang menerapkan rainwater harvesting dan water recycling merupakan salahsatu usaha untuk menjaga kelestarian air. Dalam penerapan sistem tersebut,terdapat risiko yang akan mempengaruhi kinerja investasinya. Pengumpulan danpengolahan data dilakukan dengan metode survey, analisa statistik, dan montecarlo. Adapun variabel yang mempengaruhi kinerja investasinya adalah kesalahanseleksi material dan seleksi vendor, serta kesulitan prediksi produksi air olahanhujan sesuai dengan musim.

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The high intensity of rainfall in Indonesia which is not utilized optimally affect

the balance of water and grey water which is not recycled also affect the quality

of water bodies which has an impact to decrease environmental quality. The

development concept such as green building which is implementing rainwater

harvesting and water recycling is one of the efforts to preserve water. In the

application of the system, there are risks that will affect the performance of the

investment. Data was collected and processed through survey, statistical analysis,

and monte carlo. The variables which affect the performance of the investment are

a mistake of material selection and vendor selection, and the difficulty to

forecast treated rain water according to the seasons."

"Electromagnetic vibration energy harvesting devices introduces an optimization approach which is applied to determine optimal dimensions of the components (magnet, coil and back iron). Eight different commonly applied coupling architectures are investigated. The results show that correct dimensions are of great significance for maximizing the efficiency of the energy conversion. A comparison yields the architectures with the best output performance capability which should be preferably employed in applications. A prototype development is used to demonstrate how the optimization calculations can be integrated into the design?flow. Electromagnetic vibration energy harvesting devices targets the designer of electromagnetic vibration transducers who wishes to have a greater in-depth understanding for maximizing the output performance."

"AbstrakDrinking water is indispensable for human life. This study investigated the distribution of rainwater harvesting tanks (RWHTs) by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to address the drinking water crisis in southwest coastal Bangladesh. Field surveys conducted in Shyamnagar Upazila revealed that NGOs more often subsidise rather than donate RWHTs. NGOs subsidised RWHTs for wealthier households because they fulfil criteria such as tin roofs possession and NGO-organised activities involvement. Accordingly, poor households were excluded from NGO RWHT distribution activities as they failed to meet the required criteria. The phenomena may be due to the commercialisation of NGOs and the NGO policy of generating a sense of ownership toward RWHT among villagers. However, excessive commercialisation of NGOs may hamper the provision of safe drinking water to the people most in need, even though the commercialisation of NGOs and the generation of a sense of ownership toward given assets are essential for the sustainability of NGOs and their activities."

"Pembangunan hutan tanaman industri di lahan gambut diperlukan strategi pemanenan yang efektif dan produktif hal ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan produksi yang optimal dan tidak menimbulkan kerusakan lingkungan. Setiap kegiatan pemanenan kayu diperlukan peralatan baik manual, semi mekanis maupun mekanis, yang pada intinya dapat meningkatkan pasokan kayu bundar dan bahan baku serpih. Melakukan kegiatan pemanenan kayu hasil hutan tanaman industri di area gambut memiliki tantangan yang besar dikarenakan daya dukung tanah gambut 0,26 kg/cm bila menggunakan unit alat berat excavator maka unit tersebut harus lebih ringan atau sama dengan daya dukung tanah gambut. PC135F-10M0 telah memenuhi syarat bekerja di area gambut karena memiliki daya tekan unit 0,26 kg/cm2 sama dengan daya dukung tanah gambut, yang disempurnakan dengan metode tarik panjang (B-tree length) memberikan hasil produksi tinggi yaitu meningkat menjadi 4,84 ton/jam dari 2,58 ton/jam bila dibandingkan menggunakan tarik pendek. Penggunaaan bahan bakar PC135F-10M0 menggunakan B-tree length sekitar 11,9 liter/jam bila dibandingkan dengan menggunakan tarik pendek 11,8 liter/jam.Metode B-tree length menjadi soulsi mengurangi limbah, hal ini dapat terjadi dikarenakan kayu dengan diameter 5 cm sampai dengan 10 cm (banyak terbuang di area pemanenan saat menggunakan metode tarik pendek) masih dapat termanfaatkan, kuncinya saat mengeluarkan kayu dalam bentuk utuh ke TPn (tempat penumpukan sementara) dalam jumlah besar dalam satu waktu sehingga mampu mengurangi aktivitas travelling berulang yang akan mempengaruhi biaya produksi lebih efisien. Menggunakan metode B-tree length lebih produktif, jumlah unit yang digunakan untuk produksi 5 unit dan biaya proses pemanenan hasil hutan Rp. 72.952, 35/ton bila dibandingkan dengan biaya produksi menggunakan tarik pendek jumlah unit yang di perlukan untuk produksi 9 unit biaya operasional lebih mahal Rp. 97.067,84/ton. Dalam kajian metode B-tree length aspek-aspek keinsinyuran telah diterapkan sebaik mungkin baik dari sisi kompetensi professional, prinsip dasar kode etik serta keamanan, keselamatan, kesehatan, dan lingkungan Hidup (K3L).

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The development of industrial plantation forests on peatlands requires an effective and productive harvesting strategy that aims to produce optimal production and not cause environmental damage. Each timber harvesting activity requires both manual and semi-mechanical equipment, which in essence can increase the supply of round wood and chip raw materials. Operational out timber harvesting activities from industrial forest plantations in peat areas is a big challenge because the bearing capacity of peat soil is 0.26 kg/cm. When using a heavy excavator unit, the unit must be lighter or equal to the bearing capacity of peat soil. PC135F-10M0 has fulfilled the requirements for working in peat areas because it has a unit ground pressure of 0.26 kg/cm2, which is the same as the bearing capacity of peat soil. This is enhanced by the long pull method (B-tree length), which gives high production yields, which increase to 4.84 ton/hour from 2.58 ton/hour when compared to using cut to length method. The use of PC135F-10M0 fuel uses a B-tree length of around 11.9 litres/hour when compared to using a short drag of 11.8 litres/hour.

The B-tree length method is the solution to reducing waste. This can happen because wood with a diameter of 5 cm to 10 cm (a lot of it is wasted in the harvesting area when using the cut to length method) can still be utilized. The key is removing the wood in its intact form to the TPn (temporary storage places) in large quantities at one time to reduce repeated travelling activities, which will affect production costs more efficiently. Using the B-tree length method is more productive, the number of units used for production is 5 units, and the cost of harvesting forest products is Rp. 72,952.35/ton. When compared to production costs using the cut to length method, the number of units needed to produce 9 units of operational costs is Rp. 97,067.84/ton. In the study of the B-tree length method, engineering aspects have been applied as well as possible in terms of professional competence, the basic principles of a code of ethics, security, safety, health, and the environment (K3L)."