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"ABSTRACTLeaf borer moth of Artona flavipuncta was a perennial pest of Bali Botanic Garden Zingiberaceae collection. This paper aims to discuss A. flavipuncta attack status as well as its life cycle and control attempts, both that already and potentially used in Bali Botanic Garden. This paper concluded that A. flavipuncta attack 54,5% of all Zingiberaceae species collected in Bali Botanic Garden. Its larval activity causes severe leaves damage but never caused plant mortality. Decis 2.5 EC insecticide was used to control this pest, but natural enemy control using assassin bug could be considered as alternative control method in the future."

"ABSTRAK Pinanga spp. collection in Bali Botanic Garden was attacked by leaf beetle Brontispa longissima, an inasive pest species that usually fed on young leaf of coconut and other species belongs to the Arecaceae family. Control attempt of this pest was important to prevent the spread. However, due to the pest life habit, systematic chemical pesticides was considered more efective than a direct contact chemical pesticides."

"ABSTRAKHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection causes various abnormalities in the stomach. Only particular strain can cause severe problems in the stomach. CagA is a microbial virulent factor which is associated with more severe stomach problems, such as: peptic ulcer and stomach cancer. We would like to know the prevalence of CagA in Balinese population, and the association of H. Pylori CagA status with the severity of endoscopic appearance in dyspepsia patients.Method: Study design being used was analytic cross sectional study, involving 71 dyspepsia patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examination in Surya Husada Hospital and Balimed Hospital in June-December 2013. Sample was chosen in consecutive manner. Later, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) examinations of the stomach mucous biopsy tissue to determine H. pylori infection status and CagA status were performed. Further, Chi square test was used to identify the difference in proportion of H. pylori and CagA between mild and severe endoscopic appearance.Results: In this study, we found that the prevalence of H. pylori infection was 22.5% using PCR examination. Prevalence of CagA positive in H. pylori positive was 62.5%. There was significant association between status of H. Pylori infection and severity of endoscopic appearance (p = 0.038; OR= 2.67; 95% CI = 1.18-6.05). Status of CagA in H. pylori infected patients was not associated with the severity of endoscopic appearance. Additionally, there was significant association between patients’ age and severity of endoscopic appearance.Conclusion: The prevalence of CagA in H. pylori positive was 62.5%. H. pylori infection was associated with severity of endoscopic appearance and CagA status in H. pylori infected patients was not associated with severity of endoscopic appearance."

"Objective: To investigate the phenotype and genotype of E. faecalis isolated from the root canal and saliva of primary endodontic patients with periapical lesions.Methods: Eighte variations en adult male and female individuals suffering from primary endodontic infection, either with or without periapical lesions, were involved in this study. Root canal scraping and saliva were collected from each subject and used for bacterial quantitation using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Enterococci were isolated using ChromAgar medium and then identified using both biochemical (Gram staining and catalase tests) and molecular biology (conventional PCR) methods. Gelatinase activity, polysaccharide capsul profile and mRNA ace expression level were determined using microbiological, biochemical and molecular biology approach, respectively. Genotype of E. faecalis was determined based on nucleotide sequence of ace and gelE genes analyzed using web-based 3730xl DNA Analyze software.Results: The results showed that except for its proportion, no significant difference was found in phenotypes (gelatinase activity and mRNA ace expression levels) and genotypes (polymorphism of Cps operon and variation of ace and gelE nucleotide sequences) of E. faecalis isolated from the root canal and saliva of primary endodontic patients had or had no periapical lesions.Conclusion: It can be concluded that E. faecalis proportion had a role in the occurrence of periapical lesions in the primary endodontic patients, but not gelatinase activity, mRNA ace expression level, Cps operon polymorphism or ace and gelE nucleotide sequence variations."

"Excessive activity in the hands and wrists over a prolonged period of time can cause repetitive strain injury, which leads to the occurrence of carpal tunnel syndrome. The purpose of this study is to determine the differences in the effectiveness of ultrasound and neural mobilization interventions with ultrasound and passive stretching in reducing hand disabilities in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. It is an experimental study, using the pre- and post-test control group design. The sampling technique employed was simple random sampling, with a study sample comprising 30 people. The difference test with an independent t-test showed a significant difference between the control group and the treatment group (p= 0.000), with a decrease hand disability percentage of 7% in the control group and 15% in the treatment group. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the combination of ultrasound and neural mobilization is more effective in reducing hand disability than a combination of ultrasound and passive stretching in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome."

"Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk meneliti apakah tingkat return harian dari indeks milik perusahaan Morgan Stanley Capital International Emerging Market memiliki ketahanan terhadap volatilitas asimetris yang muncul ketika dihadapkan dengan pandemi Covid-19. Alasan utama munculnya volatilitas yang asimetris ini dikarenakan pasar keuangan dilanda oleh krisis, yaitu pandemi Covid-19 yang menyerang seluruh negara di dunia dan dampaknya paling dirasakan oleh negara-negara berkembang. Sampel dari penelitian ini terdiri 24 negara berkembang dari wilayah Asia, Eropa, Timur Tengah, Afrika, dan Amerika. Metode yang digunakan untuk menganalisis hal tersebut adalah GJR-GARCH. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa wilayah dengan tingkat leverage effect paling rendah merupakan negara-negara berkembang di Asia dikarenakan negara-negara berkembang di Asia bagian Tenggara (ASEAN) memiliki mayoritas saham dengan nilai yang masih berkembang sehingga memiliki tingkat sentimen investor yang lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan negara-negara yang sahamnya sudah memiliki nilai tinggi.......The purpose of this study is to examine whether the daily rate of return of the index belonging to the company Morgan Stanley Capital International Emerging Markets has resistance to the asymmetric volatility that arises when faced with the Covid-19 pandemic. The main reason for the emergence of this asymmetrical volatility is because the financial market was hit by a crisis, which is the Covid-19 pandemic that attacked all countries in the world and its impact was felt most by developing countries. The sample of this study consisted of 24 developing countries from Asia, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and America. The method used to analyze this event is GJR-GARCH. This study found that the regions with the lowest levels of leverage effect are developing countries in Asia, especially developing countries in Southeast Asia (ASEAN) most of their stocks have a value that is still small and developing so that they have a lower level of investor’s sentiment compared to other countries. countries whose stocks already have a high value."

"Tujuan Pengobatan untuk eradikasi H pylori dengan kombinasi PPI dan Amoksisilin 1000 mg atau Clarithromycin 500 mg yang diberikan 2 kali sehari selama 2 minggu telah terbukti efektif. Kebanyakan penelitian menyebutkan bahwa pengobatan 7 dan 10 hari sama efektif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan terapi eradikasi H pylori selama 5 dan 7 hari. Metode Penelitian ini dilakukan secara prospektif pada 60 pasien yang terinfeksi H pylori, pemeriksaan dilakukan dengan endoskopi dan biopsi saluran cerna bagian atas di 6 (enam) rumah sakit di Indonesia. Diagnosis H pylori ditegakkan berdasarkan pada 2 pemeriksaan rapid urea test (Pronto Dry) dan pemeriksaan histopatologi atau adanya urea breath test (UBT) yang positif. Kemudian secara terbuka pasien akan dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok, kelompok pertama mendapatkan pengobatan oral amoksisilin 1000 mg 2 kali sehari, clarithromycin oral 500 mg 2 kali sehari, rabeprazole 10 mg 2 kali sehari selama 5 hari dan kelompok kedua mendapatkan pengobatan oral amoksisilin 1000 mg 2 kali sehari, clarithromycin oral 500 mg 2 kali sehari, rabeprazole 10 mg 2 kali sehari selama 7 hari. Empat minggu kemudian, pasien dievaluasi dengan UBT untuk memastikan keberadaan H pylori. Hasil Pada penelitian ini didapatkan 60 pasien yang terdiri dari 42 laki-laki dan 18 perempuan dengan rata-rata (usia+SD) 47.63+13.93 tahun, rentang usia 21-74 tahun. Kelompok pengobatan 5 hari terdiri dari 25 (41,7%) pasien dan kelompok pengobatan 7 hari terdiri dari 35 (58.3%) pasien. Setelah kelompok pengobatan 5 hari didapatkan 18 (72%) pasien H Pylori negatif, dan setelah pengobatan 7 hari didapatkan 32 (91.4%) pasien H Pylori negatif. Kegagalan eradikasi ditemukan pada kelompok pengobatan 5 hari sebesar 7 (28%) pasien dan pada kelompok pengobatan 7 hari sebesar 3 (8.6%) (p=0,077). Kesimpulan Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa eradikasi H pylori dengan pengobatan tripel dengan rabeprazole pada kelompok 7 hari masih lebih baik daripada kelompok pengobatan 5 hari. Perbedaan yang tidak bermakna secara statistik ini mungkin karena jumlah sampel tidak mencukupi.

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Aim A combination of PPI and 1000 mg amoxicillin/500 mg clarithromycin twice daily for 2 weeks has been proven effective in the eradication of H. pylori. Most studies suggested that treatment for 7 and 10 days may be equally effective. Few data are available on the effi cacy of 5-day triple therapy. Aim of this study was to compare 5-day and 7-day rabeprazole triple therapy for eradication of H. pylori infection. Methods We prospectively studied 60 consecutive H. pylori-infected patients who came to hospitals in six centres in Indonesia and who underwent upper endoscopy and biopsy. H. pylori infection was confi rmed if two rapid urease tests (Pronto Dry) and histology or urea breath test were positive. Patients were assigned to either an open-labelled 5-day or 7-day course of oral amoxicillin 1000 mg b.i.d., clarithromycin 500 mg b.i.d., and rabeprazole 10 mg b.i.d. (RAC).Four weeks after therapy, all patients had a repeated UBT for evaluation of the presence of H. pylori. Results Of the 60 patients (42 males and 18 females) with mean age (± SD) 47.63 ± 13.93 years, range 21?74 years, 25 patients (41.7%) had 5-day treatment and 35 patients (58.3%) had 7-day treatment. With 5-day treatment, 18 patients (72%) and with 7-day treatment 32 patients (91.4%) became negative for H. pylori infection. The eradication failure was found on 7 patients (28.0%) in 5-day reatment and 3 patients (8.6%) in 7-day treatment. Conclusions The study showed that the eradication of H. pylori infection by triple rabeprazole-based treatment in 7-day is still better than in 5-day."