Biji Wijen merupakan salah satu produk alam yang kaya akan minyak nabati dan bermanfaat bagi kesehatan. Minyak wijen juga sering digunakan sebagai bahan campuran pada masakan karena cita rasanya yang lezat. Dengan proses pengolahan yang optimum, produk minyak wijen dapat menjadi komoditas yang bernilai tinggi. Estimasi dua parameter proses ekstraksi, yaitu konstanta laju desorpsi dan koefisien difusi solut dalam pelarut, telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan model difusi bola panas pada temperatur 303 K, 318 K, dan 333 K dengan tekanan 8 MPa, 10 MPa, dan 12 MPa. Pelepasan asam lemak dari partikel biji wijen diasumsikan dengan model desorpsi. Penyelesaian perhitungan model ekstraksi dilakukan dengan program COMSOL Multiphysics 5.5. Nilai konsentrasi awal yang diperoleh sebesar 4.980 mol/m3. Konstanta laju desorpsi pada temperatur 303 K dengan tekanan 8 MPa dan 12 MPa sebesar 3,4×10-4 s-1 dan 2,00×10-3 s-1. Selain itu, pada temperatur 333 K dengan tekanan 8 MPa dan 12 MPa diperoleh 6,70×10-3 s-1 dan 1,02×10-2 s-1. Sedangkan, pada temperatur 318 K dan tekanan 10 MPa diperoleh nilai sebesar 4,60×10-3 s-1. Untuk nilai koefisien difusi solut dalam pelarut, diperoleh nilai sebesar 3,4×10-9 m2/s dan 4,22×10-9 m2/s pada temperatur 303 K dan tekanan 8 MPa dan 12 MPa. Pada temperatur 333 K dan tekanan 8 MPa dan 12 MPa, diperoleh nilai koefisien sebesar 4,18×10-9 m2/s dan 4,16×10-9 m2/s. Sedangkan pada temperatur 318 K dan tekanan 10 MPa, diperoleh nilai koefisien difusi solut sebesar 4,39×10-9 m2/s. Nilai-nilai tersebut cukup baik untuk menggambarkan fenomena ekstraksi yang sesungguhnya jika ditinjau dari nilai AARD yang diperoleh, yaitu 8,15%.
Sesame seed is one of the natural products that is rich in vegetable oil content which has a bunch of benefits for health. Besides, sesame oil is often used as ingredient on foods because of its richness and delicious flavor. Under the optimum processing, Sesame oil product is possibly be high value commodity. Estimation of two extraction process parameters, desorption rate constants and solute diffusion coefficients, has been done by using hot ball diffusion model at temperatures of 303 K, 318 K, 333 K; and pressures of 8 MPa, 10 MPa, and 12 MPa. Discharge of fatty acids from sesame seed particles are assumed by desorption model. Completion of extraction model calculation is done by COMSOL Multiphysics 5.5. The initial concentration value obtained is 4.980 mol/m3. The estimated values of desorption rate constants at temperature of 303 K and pressures of 8 MPa and 12 MPa were 3,40×10-4 s-1 and 2,00×10-3 s-1. Other than that, the estimated values of desorption rate at temperature of 333 K and pressures of 8 MPa and 12 MPa are 6,70×10-3 s-1 and 1,02×10-2 s-1, while at the temperature of 318 K and pressure of 10 MPa is 4,60×10-3 s-1. Meanwhile, the solute diffusion coefficients at temperature of 303 K and pressures of 8 MPa and 12 MPa are 6,55×10-9 m2/s and 4,22×10-9 m2/s. At temperature of 333 K and pressures of 8 MPa and 12 MPa, the coefficients are 4,18×10-9 m2/s dan 4,16×10-9 m2/s, while at the temperature of 318 K and pressure of 10 MPa is 4,39×10-9 m2/s. Those values are good to describe the real extraction phenomenon when it is viewed from the AARD value obtained, that is 8,15%.
"In this thesis, we will study the forecasting long-term primary energy demand for the Java Bali electricity sector from 2015 to 2050 using LEAP model. Some projection scenarios applied to the simulation are Reference Scenario, Scenarios with variations in GDP growth, Supply Side Optimization Scenarios with variations in reserve margin, losses improvement, and power plant efficiency, and changing the role of gas power plants to be baseload power plants, and Least Cost-Lower GHG Optimization Scenario. The results of this study found that based on Reference Scenario with following condition: GDP of 5.6% per year, a T&D losses of 9,45%, reserve margin of 35%, no efficiency improvement of additional coal-fired power plants and gas-fired power plants, and energy mix targets for gas and renewable energy in accordance with National Energy Policy (KEN) targets. In 2050, the electricity demand for Java Bali is projected to reach 596,69 TWh in, where to meet the electricity needs, the electricity production that should be provided is 658,97 TWh with a total power generation capacity reaching 136,90 GW. To fulfill the operation of the power plant, the primary energy forecasting that need to be prepared are 1.835,88 TWh (6,6 billion GJ) with details: 131,6 million tons of coal (3,86 billion GJ), 2.690,8 BBTUD of natural gas (1,04 billion GJ), 0,84 billion GJ of geothermal, 0,47 billion GJ of solar power, 15,8 million tons of biomass (0,25 billion GJ), 0,15 billion GJ of hydro-power, and 166 thousand kL of diesel oil (0,006 billion GJ). Cumulative greenhouse gas emissions (100 Years-GWP) of this scenario are 8,76 billion tons of CO2.
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