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"Kader kesehatan komunitas adalah varian bentuk sukarelawan Indonesia yang berbasis komunitas. Selama masa kekuasaan Pemerintah Orde Baru, program-program kesehatan dan kesejahteraan nasional seperti Keluarga Berencana, PKK dan Posyandu, berhasil memobilisir ratusan ribu perempuan dan laki-laki untuk berperan menjadi kader kesehatan komunitas. Namun demikian jumlah yang bertahan tetap menjalankan fungsi sukarelawan kesehatan komunitas hingga kini, jumlahnya sangat sedikit. Kebertahanan (sustainability) partisipasi sukarela berkaitan dengan sejumlah faktor. Dalam disertasi ini peneliti menggali lebih jauh konteks partisipasi sukarela pada kader yang bertahan, melalui sudut pandang teori diri dialogis. Teori diri dialogis memaknai konsep diri sebagai sebuah lanskap dimana terdapat posisi-posisi diri yang terus bergerak dinamis dalam ruang dan waktu. Konstruk diri dialogis kader kesehatan komunitas dari hasil studi ini memperlihatkan beberapa penjelasan penting, antara lain bahwa kader kesehatan komunitas yang bertahan adalah mereka yang mengalami pergeseran posisi-posisi diri hingga akhirnya posisi aku komunitas (representasi komunitas dalam diri individu) mendominasi dan bersesuaian dalam hubungannya dengan posisi-posisi diri lainnya.

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Kader Kesehatan Komunitas serves as one of a kind of community based volunteers in Indonesia. During Suharto era, national health and welfare programs such as Keluarga Berencana (National Birth Control Program), PKK (Family Welfare Education Program) and Posyandu (Integrated Health Service Activity in Sub Village level) has succeeded in mobilising hundred of thousands people, devoting themselves to function as Kader. Kader helps implementing governmental programs and concomitantly plays the role as volunteer for the community. However, the sustained Kader only left but a few. The sustainability of Kader reflects some factors. The study examines voluntary participation of Kader from the dialogical self theory. Dialogical self explains how individuals self constructed dynamically. Self explained as a landscape which has positions that continually shifts and communicates. The research result shows that the sustainability of Kader heavily relates to the shifting of self positions and how the representation of community in self dominates and adjusts to the other positions."

"ABSTRAKPernikahan yang sukses bukan sekedar melatih seseorang untuk berkomunikasisecara efektif, tetapi lebih membentuk dan menciptakan ikatan emosional yangkuat pada pasangan sehingga dapat menolong mereka berkomunikasi dengan lebihbaik (Worthington, 2005). Hope-focused marriage preparation berfokus untukmembangun harapan. Strategi yang digunakan adalah menumbuhkan cinta,keyakinan dan usaha (Worthington, dkk., 1997). Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmenguji efektifitas intervensi hope-focused marriage preparation dalammengembangkan komunikasi pada pasangan yang berencana menikah. Terdapatdua pasangan yang berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Setiap pasangan menjalaniempat sesi yang dilakukan seminggu sekali. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkanbahwa secara kuantitatif tidak ditemukan perubahan yang besar pada keduapasangan. Meskipun demikian, secara kualitatif kedua pasangan menunjukkanperubahan kualitas komunikasi yang cukup baik. Berkembangnya harapan padakedua pasangan terlihat dari meningkatnya motivasi untuk memperbaikikomunikasi dalam hubungan, partisipan mengetahui cara untuk meningkatkankomunikasi, dan memiliki ketekunan melakukan perubahan tersebut.

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ABSTRACTMarital success is not about training people to communicate effectively. It is aboutrestoring or creating an emotional bond that helps couples communicate well(Worthington, 2005). Hope-focused marriage preparation is focused on buildinghope. The strategy is applying love, faith and work (Worthington, et al., 1997).This study aims to test effectiveness of hope-focused marriage preparation forstrengthening communication to premarital couples. Each couple follow foursessions conducted once a week. Quantitatively, result of this study showed thatthere is no great change for both couples. However, qualitatively both couplesshowed good result. Hope for both couples required from increasing motivation tomake a good communication, participants knew the way to built goodcommunication and had perseverance to do that."

"Keluarga merupakan relasi pertama dan terpenting, yang berperan krusial dalam menentukan kesehatan mental individu dan kesejahteraan keluarga. Teori Struktur Keluarga meyakini bahwa keluarga utuh merupakan struktur ideal yang menunjang keberfungsian keluarga tersebut. Keberfungsian keluarga yang dapat mengakomodasi kebutuhan dasar dan coping anggotanya dalam melakukan penyesuaian dari tuntutan diri dan lingkungan merupakan indikator kesejahteraan keluarga. Namun realita menunjukkan terjadinya pergeseran tren struktur keluarga hampir di seluruh dunia dalam lima dekade terakhir akibat berkembangnya konsep orang tua tunggal, yang salah satu sebabnya adalah perceraian. Fenomena perceraian di Indonesia setiap tahun terus meningkat, yang berdampak pada peningkatan jumlah keluarga ibu tunggal. Dampak perceraian tidak hanya dirasakan oleh ibu, namun juga diyakini mempengaruhi kesejahteraan anak. Teori Sistem Keluarga memahami perceraian bukan sebagai kondisi patologis pada kehidupan keluarga, namun merupakan transisi dalam perkembangan keluarga. Argumentasi utama disertasi ini adalah bahwa kesejahteraan keluarga tetap dapat diraih oleh keluarga berstruktur tidak utuh akibat perceraian. Kekhasan penelitian ini menunjukkan sudut pandang ibu-anak sebagai unit sistem keluarga yang mengalami perubahan struktur pasca perceraian. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memahami kesejahteraan keluarga pada keluargaibu tunggal pasca perceraian dan mengembangkan model interaksi keluarga pasca perceraian, yang membantu mereka menghadapi perubahan struktur keluarga. Studi pertama mengungkap gambaran kesejahteraan keluarga pada keluarga ibu tunggal pasca perceraian dan faktor-faktor internal yang mendukung ibu-anak dalam menghadapi tantangan pasca perceraian. Sedangkan pada studi kedua, berfokus pada dinamika interaksi keluarga, dukungan sosial, dan peran ayah pasca perceraian dalam menghadapi tantangan keluarga berstruktur tidak utuh untuk meraih kesejahteraan keluarga. Pendekatan kualitatif digunakan dalam penelitian, yang pada studi pertama berdesain fenomenologi dengan teknik analisis tematik. Selanjutnya, studi kedua berdesain studi kasus instrumental dengan teknik analisis: categorical aggregation, pattern matching, dan explanation builiding. Partisipan penelitian ini adalah sepuluh ibu (30 – 48 tahun) dan empat anak (18 – 30 tahun). Hasil studi mengungkap kesejahteraan keluarga pada ibu tunggal pasca perceraian dipahami sebagai kebersamaan ibu-anak dalam interaksi yang hangat dan terpenuhinya kebutuhan keluarga. Tidak hanya itu, kebaharuan dari studi ini mengisi celah dalam FST dengan menjelaskan peran interaksi keluarga yang berkualitas merupakan hub antara tahap reorganisasi dan keberfungsian keluarga pasca perceraian dalam proses penyesuaian menuju kesejahteraan keluarga. Keluarga bercerai dapat memperoleh kesempatan mencapai kesejahteraannya ketika memiliki kondisi penyangga protektif berupa kemandirian finansial ibu, keterbukaan dalam interaksi dan relasi positif ayah-anak, proaktif dalam mencari dukungan sosial, serta spiritualitas positif pada ibu. Konsep maternal gatekeeping memegang peran kunci dalam kualitas interaksi keluarga pasca perceraian. Peran ayah pasca perceraian, bukan terlibat dalam co-parenting, namun menyediakan relasi positif bersama anak. Meskipun demikian, perceraian tetap membawa dampak psikologis pada anak terkait dengan makna keluarga, skema gender, perbedaan persepsi terhadap dukungan keluarga besar, dan timbulnya Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE).

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Family is the first and most important relationship that influences individual mental health and well-being. According to Family Structure Theory, the intact family is the ideal structure that supports family functioning. Family well-being is indicated by family functioning that can accommodate the basic needs and coping while making adjustments to the demands of themselves and the environment. However, the reality shows that there has been a shift in the trend of family structure over the last five decades as a result of the development of the single parent concept, one of which is divorce. The phenomenon of divorce in Indonesia continues to increase every year, which has an impact on the increasing number of single-mother families. Family System Theory (FST) understands divorce not as a pathological condition in family life but as a transition in family development. The main argument of this dissertation is that family well-being can still be achieved by families with non-intact structures due to divorce. The strength of this study is that it shows the mother-child point of view as a unit of the family system that undergoes structural changes after divorce. The purpose of this study is to understand family well-being in single-mother families post-divorce and to reveal models of post-divorce family interactions that help them deal with changes in family structure. The first study reveals a picture of family well-being in post-divorce single- mothers’ families and the internal factors that support mothers and children in facing post-divorce challenges. The second study focuses on the dynamics of family interactions, social support, and the role of fathers after divorce in facing the challenges of a non-intact structured family to achieve family well-being. A qualitative approach was used in the research, which in the first study had a phenomenological design with thematic analysis techniques. Furthermore, the second study was designed as an instrumental case study using analytical techniques such as categorical aggregation, pattern matching, and explanation building. The participants of this study were ten mothers (30–48 years of age) and four children (18–30 years of age). According to the study's findings, family well-being in single mothers after divorce is defined as mother-child togetherness in warm interactions and the satisfaction of family needs. Furthermore, the study's novelty fills a gap in the FST by explaining the role of quality family interaction as a hub between the reorganization stage and post-divorce family functioning in the adjustment process toward family well-being. Divorced families have a better chance of achieving well-being when they have buffering conditions such as the mother's financial independence, openness in relationships and positive father-child interactions, being proactive in seeking social support, and positive spirituality in mothers. Maternal gatekeeping is an important concept in the quality of post-divorce family interactions. Fathers' roles after divorce, not co-parenting, but in providing a positive father-child relationship. Divorce, on the other hand, continues to have a psychological impact on children in terms of family meaning, gender schemes, different perceptions of extended family support, and the emergence of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE)."

"Penelitian kualitatif ini bertujuan untuk memahami secara mendalam tentang bagaimana dinamika keterlibatan remaja perempuan dalam prostitusi, melalui kajian teori pengambilan keputusan terbatas. Keterlibatan remaja di sini, bukan karena dipaksa atau di bawah ancaman pihak lain, terlibat prostitusi sebelum usia 18 tahun, dan berasal dari keluarga yang tidak mengalami kesulitan ekonomi saat terlibat prostitusi. Studi pendahuluan dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan etnografi, dengan pengumpulan data melalui observasi partisipatif selama lebih kurang 3 bulan dan wawancara mendalam terhadap 3 remaja perempuan yang terlibat prostitusi. Selain itu peneliti juga hidup bersama dengan partisipan dalam satu kamar kos selama 1 bulan. Hasil studi pendahuluan menunjukkan adanya gambaran yang kompleks pada remaja dalam dunia prositusi, khususnya terkait interaksi dengan keluarga, lingkungan temannya, juga kondisi psikologis yang membuat remaja rentan terlibat prostitusi. Oleh karena itu, untuk mengetahui lebih dalam tentang dinamikan keterlibatan remaja ke dalam prostitusi, maka dilakukan studi utama dengan menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus. Pada studi utama dilakukan wawancara mendalam terhadap 5 remaja perempuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa remaja perempuan memiliki beberapa kondisi yang membatasi rasionalitasnya dalam proses mengambil keputusan sehingga rentan untuk terlibat prostitusi. Kondisi-kondisi tersebut adalah pengalaman hidup remaja, karakteristik tahapan usia remaja, dan kondisi tidak perawan pada remaja perempuan.

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This qualitative study was conducted to investigate the dynamics of female adolescents in prostitution through the bounded rationality model of decision-making theories. These girls were not subject to threats or pressure from any party upon entering the world of prostitution, who were involved in prostitution before the age of 18, and whose parents were not financially insufficient when the girls entered prostitution. We used the ethnographic research approach in the preliminary study, conducted participatory observation for 3 months and in-depth interviews with 3 prostituted adolescents. In addition, researchers stayed with participants in a boarding room for a month. The preliminary study uncovered a certain complexity, specifically related to interactions with family, friends, and psychological conditions that catalyzed adolescents vulnerability toward being prostituted. Consequently, in order to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of prostituted adolescents, we conducted in-depth interviews with 5 prostituted adolescents in the main study, and using a case study approach. Results of this study showed that the girls had several conditions that bounded their rationality in their decision-making processes, so they were vulnerable to being prostituted. These conditions included adolescent life experiences, characteristics of the adolescent developmental phase, and the chastity value internalized by girls."

"Meskipun kualitas hidup terkait kesehatan telah diteliti secara luas, namun faktor kontekstual pasien cenderung diabaikan. Tujuan dari disertasi ini adalah untuk menguji model kontekstual kualitas hidup terkait kesehatan (health related quality of life-HRQoL) yang diajukan oleh Ashing-Giwa (2005) pada pasien paska infark miokard (IM) dan meneliti peranan prediktor-prediktor yang memengaruhi HRQOL. Variabel yang masuk ke dalam level individual adalah kecemasan, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) dan komorbiditas. Kepuasan pernikahan dan coping religius Islami termasuk dalam level sistemik. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain metode penelitian mixed method explanatory. Pada studi 1, penelitian cross sectional dilakukan terhadap 170 pasien paska IM. Pasien mengisi empat kuesioner (MacNew Health Related Quality of Life, Couple Satisfaction Index, Cardiac anxiety Questionnaire, coping religius Islami). Data LVEF dan komorbiditas pasien didapatkan dari catatan medis. Model teoritis diuji dengan menggunakan structural equation modelling (SEM). Hasil penelitian menujukan bahwa kecemasan memiliki pengaruh langsung yang negatif terhadap HRQOL. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara komorbiditas pasien, coping religius Islami dan LVEF terhadap HRQOL. Kepuasan pernikahan adalah moderator yang signifikan terhadap hubungan antara kecemasan dengan HRQOL. Pada studi 2 dilakukan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode multiple case study (studi kasus ganda). Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa responden mengalami kecemasan terhadap kecemasan terhadap kematian, kecemasan terhadap bertambah parahnya penyakit dan efek samping pengobatan. IM dihayati sebagai kesempatan kedua untuk menebus kesalahan masa lalu dan adanya dukungan dari pasangan membuat responden lebih mudah untuk menjalani kehidupan paska IM. Aspek lain yang muncul dalam penelitian kualitatif adalah komunikasi antara pasien - dokter dan adanya peran jender terhadap HRQOL responden.

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Although health related quality of life (HRQOL) has been studied extensively, the role of patient’s contextual factors tended to be neglected. The purpose of this dissertation is to test contextual model of health related quality of life proposed by Ashing-Giwa (2005)in post myocardial infarction (MI)  patients and to examine roles of health related quality of life predictors. Variables include in the individual level are anxiety, left ventricular ejection farction and comorbidity. Marital satisfaction and Islamic religious coping are included in the systemic level. An explanatory mixed method study was conducted for this dissertation. For study 1, a cross sectional study included 170 post myocardial infarction (MI) patients was conducted. The patients filled out four questionnaires (MacNew Health Related Quality of Life, Couple Satisfaction Index, Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire, Islamic Religious Coping. Data regarding patients left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and comorbidity were gathered from patient’s medical status. The theoretical model was tested using structural equation modelling. Structural equation modelling revealed that anxiety had a negative direct relationship to HRQOL. There were no significant relationships among patient’s comorbidity, Islamic religius coping, LVEF and HRQOL Marital satisfaction was a significant moderator of the relationship between anxiety and HRQOL. In study 2, a multiple case study revealed that respondents had anxiety toward death, severity of their disease and medication’s side effects. MI was experienced as a second chance given by God to redeem their misdeed in the past. Supports from spouse made respondents feel at ease to live their daily life after MI. Other aspects emerged in the qualitative study were patients-doctor communication and role of jender in respondents HRQOL."

"[ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk memeroleh gambaran dan pemahaman mengenai faktor-faktor berperan dalam komitmen pernikahan para Tenaga Kerja Wanita (TKW) di desa Dadap, Indramayu dan bagaimana dinamikanya, dengan menggunakan kerangka teori Bioekologi. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus, data dalam penelitian ini dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, pengamatan partisipatif dan analisis dokumen terhadap berbagai sumber, seperti TKW, perangkat desa, budayawan setempat, warga, dan staf lembaga pemerintahan terkait. Sebagai informan kunci, TKW yang terlibat dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 11 orang, terdiri dari mereka yang masih mempertahankan pernikahan dan yang telah mengakhirinya. Partisipan dipilih secara purposive dan snowball. Menggunakan teknik analisis dari Miles, Huberman, dan Saldana (2014), temuan yang didapat dalam penelitian ini adalah tampaknya context makrosistem merupakan pre-determined bagi interaksi antara berbagai context lingkungan yang mengelilingi partisipan, yakni mikrosistem, mesosistem, eksosistem, dan karakteristik personal partisipan itu sendiri, yang mana berbagai interaksi tersebut berperan dalam dinamika komitmen pernikahan partisipan. Diantara berbagai context lingkungan yang saling berinteraksi tersebut, tampaknya interaksi antara individu dengan mikrosistemnya, dalam hal ini pasangan, atau yang dinamakan proximal process, dan karakteristik personal yang dihasilkan dari proximal process tersebut menjadi penentu utama komitmen pernikahan partisipan.Faktor lingkungan berperan sebagai pemicu timbulnya konflik dalam pernikahan partisipan dan sebagai faktor yang melatari proximal process dan karakteristik personal partisipan. Sementara itu, keputusan untuk tetap berkomitmen dan bagaimana partisipan merespon situasi sulit tersebut lebih banyak ditentukan oleh proximal process dan karakteristik personal partisipan yang dihasilkan dari proximal process itu sendiri. Hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa teori Bioekologi dapat menjelaskan komitmen pernikahan TKW di desa Dadap, Indramayu.;

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ABSTRACTThe objective of this research is to obtain a description and understanding of certain aspects portraying a marriage commitment on Indonesian female migrant worker (TKW) in the village of Dadap, Indramayu, as how dynamic those are, by utilizing the Bioecology theory framework. Utilizing a qualitative approach and having a case study design, data contained in this research are compiled by a means of interview, participatory observation, and documentary analysis against any resources, such as TKW, official community, society, and relevant government institution staff. As the key informant, TKW involved in this research comprised of 11 persons, some who keep striving their marriage and others are already divorced. Participants are selected purposively and snowball. Utilizing an analysis technique by Miles, Huberman, and Saldana (2014), the finding on this research exposes a macrosystem context which constitutes a pre-determined of interaction among environment context surrounded to participants, i.e. microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and their personal characteristic, of which those interaction play its role on a dynamic commitment of participants marriage.Among those interacted environment context, it appears interaction between individual with her microsystem (spouse), or it is called as proximal process, and personal characteristic resulted from a proximal process plays a major determination to participant marriage commitment.Environment aspect plays its role as a trigger of conflict within a marriage of participants, and as an aspect contributing proximal process and participant personal characteristic. While the decision to maintain a commitment and how participants respond to particular difficult situation are more determined by proximal process and personal participants characteristic resulting from its proximal process;The objective of this research is to obtain a description and understanding of certain aspects portraying a marriage commitment on Indonesian female migrant worker (TKW) in the village of Dadap, Indramayu, as how dynamic those are, by utilizing the Bioecology theory framework. Utilizing a qualitative approach and having a case study design, data contained in this research are compiled by a means of interview, participatory observation, and documentary analysis against any resources, such as TKW, official community, society, and relevant government institution staff. As the key informant, TKW involved in this research comprised of 11 persons, some who keep striving their marriage and others are already divorced. Participants are selected purposively and snowball. Utilizing an analysis technique by Miles, Huberman, and Saldana (2014), the finding on this research exposes a macrosystem context which constitutes a pre-determined of interaction among environment context surrounded to participants, i.e. microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and their personal characteristic, of which those interaction play its role on a dynamic commitment of participants marriage.Among those interacted environment context, it appears interaction between individual with her microsystem (spouse), or it is called as proximal process, and personal characteristic resulted from a proximal process plays a major determination to participant marriage commitment.Environment aspect plays its role as a trigger of conflict within a marriage of participants, and as an aspect contributing proximal process and participant personal characteristic. While the decision to maintain a commitment and how participants respond to particular difficult situation are more determined by proximal process and personal participants characteristic resulting from its proximal process, The objective of this research is to obtain a description and understanding of certain aspects portraying a marriage commitment on Indonesian female migrant worker (TKW) in the village of Dadap, Indramayu, as how dynamic those are, by utilizing the Bioecology theory framework. Utilizing a qualitative approach and having a case study design, data contained in this research are compiled by a means of interview, participatory observation, and documentary analysis against any resources, such as TKW, official community, society, and relevant government institution staff. As the key informant, TKW involved in this research comprised of 11 persons, some who keep striving their marriage and others are already divorced. Participants are selected purposively and snowball. Utilizing an analysis technique by Miles, Huberman, and Saldana (2014), the finding on this research exposes a macrosystem context which constitutes a pre-determined of interaction among environment context surrounded to participants, i.e. microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and their personal characteristic, of which those interaction play its role on a dynamic commitment of participants marriage.Among those interacted environment context, it appears interaction between individual with her microsystem (spouse), or it is called as proximal process, and personal characteristic resulted from a proximal process plays a major determination to participant marriage commitment.Environment aspect plays its role as a trigger of conflict within a marriage of participants, and as an aspect contributing proximal process and participant personal characteristic. While the decision to maintain a commitment and how participants respond to particular difficult situation are more determined by proximal process and personal participants characteristic resulting from its proximal process]"