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"[ABSTRAKToxoplasma gondii merupakan protozoa intraselular obligat yang tersebar di seluruh dunia. Infeksi yang diakibatkannya disebut toksoplasmosis, dan diperkirakan sekitar sepertiga populasi dunia terinfeksi T. gondii. Toksoplasmosis akan menjadi masalah bahkan dapat mengancam jiwa bila infeksi terjadi pada orang imunokompromi. Ensefalitis toksoplasma (ET) terjadi akibat reaktivasi infeksi laten T. gondii, dan merupakan masalah yang sering terjadi pada pasien AIDS, terutama pada stadium akhir.Untuk menegakkan diagnosis pasti penyebab kelainan SSP pada pasien AIDS sangatlah sulit, karena banyaknya kemungkinan penyebab infeksi lain seperti bakteri, virus, dan jamur. Diagnosis ET ditegakkan hanya berdasarkan asumsi dari gejala klinis, gambaran radiologi, dan respons terhadap terapi yang diberikan. Pemeriksaan kadar IgG anti-Toxoplasma pada cairan organ yang terinfeksi T. gondii jarang dilakukan. Selama ini studi-studi lebih banyak yang memeriksa kadar IgG anti-Toxoplasma pada serum. Oleh karena masih jarangnya penelitian yang menggunakan CSS untuk penegakan diagnosis ET dan untuk mengetahui apakah kadar IgG anti-Toxoplasma pada CSS bermakna dalam menegakkan diagnosis ET, maka penelitian mengenai hal tersebut dilakukan pada pasien HIV & AIDS dengan dugaan meningitis.Dari 50 sampel CSS pasien AIDS yang dikirim ke Laboratorium Parasitologi FKUI, 24 (48%) positif dan 26 (52%) negatif IgG anti-Toxoplasma. Dari IgG positif, 5 (20,83%) kadar tinggi, dan 19 (79,17%) kadar rendah. Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna antara kadar IgG anti-Toxoplasma dengan hasil pencitraan maupun diagnosis klinis ET. Tidak ada hubungan antara kadar IgG anti-Toxoplasma dengan riwayat terapi profilaksis ko-trimoksazol.

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ABSTRACTToxoplasma gondii is obligate intracellular parasite that spread over the world. Toxoplasmosis, infection of this parasite, infected over one third world population. Toxoplasmosis become problem and life threatening in immunocompromised patients. Toxoplasma encephalitis (TE) is reactivation of latent infection of T. gondii, and usually manifest in severe stage of AIDS.Diagnosis of central nervous system infection in AIDS is very difficult, because many possibilities of infection that caused by bacteri, virus, and fungi. TE is only diagnosed by asumption of clinical signs, radiology, and therapeutic respons. The examination of IgG anti-Toxoplasma in organ fluid was rare. Because of this reason and to answer, is IgG anti-Toxoplasma in cerebro spinal fluid has important meaning for diagnosing TE, this study was done in HIV infection & AIDS patients with meningitis.From 50 LCS of AIDS patients that sent to Parasitology Laboratorium FKUI, 24 (48%) were positive, and 26 (52%) were negative of IgG anti-Toxoplasma. From IgG positive samples, 5 (20,83%) were high, and 19 (79,17%) were in low level. There is no difference between IgG anti-Toxoplasma level with radiology appearence, and with clinical diagnose for TE. No difference between IgG anti-Toxoplasma level with history of cotrimoxazole as prophylaxis therapy.;Toxoplasma gondii is obligate intracellular parasite that spread over the world. Toxoplasmosis, infection of this parasite, infected over one third world population. Toxoplasmosis become problem and life threatening in immunocompromised patients. Toxoplasma encephalitis (TE) is reactivation of latent infection of T. gondii, and usually manifest in severe stage of AIDS.Diagnosis of central nervous system infection in AIDS is very difficult, because many possibilities of infection that caused by bacteri, virus, and fungi. TE is only diagnosed by asumption of clinical signs, radiology, and therapeutic respons. The examination of IgG anti-Toxoplasma in organ fluid was rare. Because of this reason and to answer, is IgG anti-Toxoplasma in cerebro spinal fluid has important meaning for diagnosing TE, this study was done in HIV infection & AIDS patients with meningitis.From 50 LCS of AIDS patients that sent to Parasitology Laboratorium FKUI, 24 (48%) were positive, and 26 (52%) were negative of IgG anti-Toxoplasma. From IgG positive samples, 5 (20,83%) were high, and 19 (79,17%) were in low level. There is no difference between IgG anti-Toxoplasma level with radiology appearence, and with clinical diagnose for TE. No difference between IgG anti-Toxoplasma level with history of cotrimoxazole as prophylaxis therapy., Toxoplasma gondii is obligate intracellular parasite that spread over the world. Toxoplasmosis, infection of this parasite, infected over one third world population. Toxoplasmosis become problem and life threatening in immunocompromised patients. Toxoplasma encephalitis (TE) is reactivation of latent infection of T. gondii, and usually manifest in severe stage of AIDS.Diagnosis of central nervous system infection in AIDS is very difficult, because many possibilities of infection that caused by bacteri, virus, and fungi. TE is only diagnosed by asumption of clinical signs, radiology, and therapeutic respons. The examination of IgG anti-Toxoplasma in organ fluid was rare. Because of this reason and to answer, is IgG anti-Toxoplasma in cerebro spinal fluid has important meaning for diagnosing TE, this study was done in HIV infection & AIDS patients with meningitis.From 50 LCS of AIDS patients that sent to Parasitology Laboratorium FKUI, 24 (48%) were positive, and 26 (52%) were negative of IgG anti-Toxoplasma. From IgG positive samples, 5 (20,83%) were high, and 19 (79,17%) were in low level. There is no difference between IgG anti-Toxoplasma level with radiology appearence, and with clinical diagnose for TE. No difference between IgG anti-Toxoplasma level with history of cotrimoxazole as prophylaxis therapy.]"

"ABSTRAKToxoplasma gondii merupakan protozoa obligat intraseluler yang memiliki persebaran di alam cukup luas dan dapat menginfeksi berbagai jenis unggas dan mamalia. Informasi genetik mengenai tipe T. gondii yang menyebabkan toksoplasmosis pada manusia masih sangat terbatas. Analisis genetik dari lokus SAG2 digunakan untuk menentukan prevalensi ketiga genotip T. gondii tipe I, II, dan III yang terkait dengan infeksi toksoplasmosis serebral dan okular di Indonesia. Penentuan genotip ini dilakukan secara langsung pada sampel klinis, tanpa terlebih dahulu melalui proses isolasi pada mencit atau kultur sel. Sebanyak 28 sampel cairan serebrospinal dan 8 sampel cairan mata yang telah dinyatakan positif terinfeksi T. gondii melalui PCR gen B1 digunakan pada penelitian ini. Metode restriction fragment length polymorphism RFLP digunakan untuk mengelompokkan setiap isolat ke dalam satu dari tiga genotip T. gondii. Tipe I merupakan strain yang paling banyak didapatkan pada sampel cairan serebrospinal dan cairan mata. Data tersebut menunjukkan bahwa toksoplasmosis serebral dan okular yang terjadi di Indonesia di dominasi oleh tipe I yang merupakan jenis tipe yang virulen.Kata Kunci: cairan mata, cairan serebrospinal, genotip, PCR-RFLP, Toxoplasma gondi.

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ABSTRACTToxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan that has a wide distribution in nature and can infect many kinds of birds and mammals. Genetic information about the type of Toxoplasma gondii that causes toxoplasmosis in humans is still limited. Genetic analysis of the SAG2 locus was performed to determine the prevalence of the three genotypes of T. gondii associated with cerebral and ocular toxoplasmosis infection in Indonesia. This genotyping is performed directly on clinical samples, without passing the isolation process in mice or cell cultures. A total of 28 samples of cerebrospinal fluid and 8 samples of vitreous fluid which had been confirmed positive for T. gondii infection through B1 gene PCR, used in this study. Restriction fragment length polymorphism RFLP was used to determine each isolate into one of the three genotypes of T. gondii. Type I was the predominant strain found in cerebrospinal and ocular fluid. This data showed that cerebral and ocular toxoplasmosis in Indonesia is dominated by a virulant type I strain.Keywords cerebrospinal fluid, genotype, ocular fluid, PCR RFLP, Toxoplasma gondii."

"ABSTRAKAmebiasis merupakan penyakit yang umum yang banyak ditemukan di negara berkembang. Namun hanya sedikit yang bermanifestasi klinis menjadi kolitis amuba. Komplikasi yang paling sering dijumpai adalah abses hati amuba. Abses hati selain disebabkan oleh amuba dapat disebabkan oleh bakteri yang dikenal sebagai abses hati piogenik. Untuk dapat menegakkan penyebab abses hati yang disebabkan oleh amuba maka selain anamnesis dan pemeriksaan fisik, dibutuhkan pemeriksaan penunjang seperti pemeriksaan serologi antigen dan antibodi Entamoeba histolytica. Namun pada praktek klinis, jarang sekali pemeriksaan serologi ini dilakukan. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini mencoba untuk melihat profil pasien dengan dugaan abses hati amuba yang sampelnya dikirimkan ke laboratorium parasitologi FKUI untuk pemeriksaan antibodi E. histolytica serta menilai hubungan antara gejala klinis/tanda tersebut dengan hasil serologi. Sampel diambil dari data pasien RSCM yang sampelnya dikirimkan ke laboratorium parasitologi FKUI dengan dugaan abses hati berupa keluhan utama, pemeriksaan fisik dan hasil laboratorium dan hasil serologinya diambil dari hasil pemeriksaan ELISA antibodi Entamoeba histolytica. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar pasien yang positif serologi antibodi E. histolytica adalah pasien dari kelompok umur 26-45 tahun dan berjenis kelamin laki-laki. Sedangkan manifestasi klinis yang ditemukan pada pasien tersebut dari yang terbanyak adalah hepatomegali, klinis abses hati, nyeri perut, abdominal discomfort, berat badan turun, diare, muntah, efusi pleura dan mual. Yang memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan hasil serologi positif antibodi E. histolytica hanya hepatomegali. Dari data laboratorium ditemukan sebagian besar pasien memiliki hasil laboratorium normal. Namun ada beberapa pasien yang mengalami penurunan hemoglobin dan hematokrit, leukositosis, peningkatan laju endap darah serta peningkatan fungsi hati SGOT dan SGPT.

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ABSTRACTAmebiasis is a common disease that is found in many developing countries. Yet few have clinically manifested as amoebic colitis. The most common complication is an amoebic liver abscess. A liver abscess other than caused by amoeba can be caused by a bacterium known as a pyogenic liver abscess. To be able to determine the cause of liver abscess caused by amoeba, beside anamnesis and physical examination, laboratory examination such as serological antigen and antibody of Entamoeba histolytica is needed. However, in clinical practice, this serology test is hardly performed. Therefore, this study attempted to look at the profile of the patient with suspected liver abscess whose sample was sent to the parasitology laboratory FMUI for E. histolytica antibody examination and assess the association between the clinical signs with serology results. Samples data were taken from Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital patient whose samples were sent to parasitology laboratory FMUI with suspected liver abscess in the form of main complaint, physical examination and laboratory result. Additionally, serology result was taken from antibody of Entamoeba histolytica ELISA examination. The results showed that most of the positive serologically patients of E. histolytica antibodies were patients at the 26 45 age group and from male group. While the clinical manifestations found in these patients subsequently are hepatomegaly, clinical liver abscess, abdominal discomfort, weight loss, diarrhea, vomiting, pleural effusion and nausea. It is only hepatomegaly that has a significant association with serologic positive results for E. histolytica antibodies. From the laboratory data, most patients have normal laboratory results. However, there were some patients who experienced decreased of hemoglobin and hematocrit, leukocytosis, increased blood sedimentation rate and increased liver function of AST and ALT."

"ABSTRAKBlastocystis hominis adalah protozoa usus yang banyak ditemukan di manusia dan beberapa hewan. Parasit ini sering ditemui pada survei epidemiologi dengan prevalensi yang cukup tinggi. Di Indonesia penelitian terhadap parasit ini belum banyak dilakukan sehingga penulis melakukan penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui subtipe B. hominis dari populasi anak yang terinfeksi B. hominis dengan membandingkan subtipe yang didapat dari kelompok yang bergejala klinis dan yang tidak bergejala klinis. Metode yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini adalah dengan melakukan PCR terhadap gen 18 SSU rRNA lalu dilanjutkan dengan penetuan subtipe dengan metode RFLP. Hasil penelitian ini mendapatkan bahwa infeksi B. hominis sebesar 44, 51 dengan infeksi tertinggi pada anak usia 6-9 tahun 65,2, , subtipe yang didapat pada penelitian ini adalah subtipe 1, subtipe 2 dan subtipe 3 . Subtipe 3 merupakan subtipe yang paling dominan yaitu 72,2 pada kelompok bergejala dan 41,93 pada kelompok tidak bergejala. Selanjutnya subtipe yang cukup banyak ditemukan juga yaitu subtipe 1 yaitu 25 pada kelompok bergejala dan 41,93 pada kelompok tidak bergejala. Subtipe 2 ditemukan dalam jumlah yang kecil yaitu masing-masing 16,12 pada kelompok tidak bergejala, 2,8 pada kelompok bergejala. Kesimpulan subtipe 3 adalah subtipe yang dominan dalam menimbulkan gejala klinis berupa diare, subtipe 1 dan subtipe 3 memiliki proporsi yang sama pada kelompok yang tidak bergejala dan berdasarkan analisa statistik didapatkan bahwa subtipe 3 lebih dominan menimbulkan gejala klinis berupa diare dibandinkan dengan subtipe 1 dan subtipe 2. Kata Kunci : B. hominis, gen 18 SSU rRNA, PCR, RFLP, Subtipe

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ABSTRACTBlastocystis hominis is an intestinal protozoa which are found in humans and animals. These parasites are common with high prevalence in epidemiological surveys. Research on B. hominis has been done in various countries around the world, with different results for the prevalence and diversity of subtypes. In Indonesia, there is a few studies on this parasite therefore prompted the author conduct this research. This study aimed to determine the subtype of B. hominis the children population and comparing the subtypes obtained from the group symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects. The method used in this research was by performing PCR on 18 SSU rRNA gene and then followed RFLP method for subtype identification. . The results show that the prevalence of B. hominis 44,51 , the highest infection occured in children aged 6 9 years 65.2, . Subtypes obtained in this study is ST 1, ST 2 and ST 3, which ST 3 is the most dominant subtype, namely 72.2 in the symptomatic group and 41.93 in the asymptomatic group. In addition, ST 1 is found 25 of symptomatic group and 41.93 of asymptomatic group. ST 2 is found in small quantities, 16.12 and 2,8 in asymptomatic group and symptomatic group respectively. In conclusion, subtype 3 is a predominant subtype that causing the clinical symptoms of diarrhea, followed by subtype 1 and subtype 2. Keywords B. hominis, PCR, RFLP, Subtype, 18 SSU rRNA gene"