Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang:Artritis Reumatoid (AR) merupakan penyakit inflamasi sendi autoimun yang multi-sistemik persisten, eksaserbatif dan progresif. Anti-mutated citrullinated vimentin antibodies (Anti MCV) adalah autoantibodi golongan anti citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) yang memiliki sensitifitas sama namun lebih spesifik dibandingkan dengan anti cyclic citrullinated protein (Anti CCP). Anti MCV berkaitan erat dengan gen HLA DRB1*04 yang berperan penting dalam patogenesis AR. Studi korelasi anti MCV dengan destruksi sendi dan aktifitas penyakit masih kontroversial dan karakteristik pasien AR di Indonesia yang berbeda, menjadi alasan penting dilakukannya penelitian ini.

Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara kadar anti MCV dengan destruksi sendi dan aktifitas penyakit pada pasien artritis reumatoid

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang pada 37 pasien AR berdasarkan kriteria EULAR/ACR 2010 yang berobat di poliklinik Reumatologi RSCM periode September-Nopember 2014 dengan metode consecutive sampling. Anti MCV diukur dengan metode ELISA. Penilaian destruksi sendi menggunakan skor Sharp yang dimodifikasi Van der Heijde (SSvH) sedangkan aktifitas penyakit dinilai dengan disease activity score (DAS) 28 meliputi DAS 28-CRP dan DAS 28-LED. Korelasi anti MCV dengan destruksi sendi dan aktifitas penyakit dinilai dengan uji korelasi Spearman serta p untuk kemaknaan. Data penyerta lain adalah data demografis, jenis dan dosis terapi, status gizi, faktor reumatoid (FR), CRP, LED, dan darah tepi.

Hasil: Sebanyak 37 subjek diikutsertakan pada penelitian ini, dengan 34 (91,9%) adalah perempuan. Anti MCV positif ditemukan 26 subjek (70,3%), sedangkan FR positif ditemukan 21 (56.%). Median anti MCV didapatkan 26 IU/ml (minimal 10 IU/ml, maksimal 151 IU/ml) termasuk titer rendah. Median SSvH yaitu 31 (2-107), dengan nilai median erosi 5(0-49) dan joint space narrowing (JSN) 26 (0-64). Rerata nilai DAS 28-CRP 2,69 (SB 1,34) dan median DAS 28-LED 4,08 (2,10-5,97) yang masing-masing termasuk dalam kelompok aktivitas penyakit rendah dan sedang.Pada analisis bivariat didapatkan korelasi positif yang lemah antara anti MCV dengan SSvH sebesar r = 0,393 (p=0,016) dan korelasi positif yang lemah antara anti MCV dengan skor DAS 28-CRP (r=0,365, p=0,013) namun tidak ada korelasi antara anti MCV dengan skor DAS 28-LED.

Simpulan: Terdapat korelasi positif lemah yang bermakna antara titer anti MCV dengan destruksi sendi dan skor aktivitas penyakit DAS 28-CRP, korelasi antara titer anti MCV dengan skor DAS 28-LED tidak ada.;

---

ABSTRACT
Background:Rheumatoid Arthritis is a multi-systemic, persistent, exasperated and progressive auto immune joint inflamation disease. Anti-mutated citrullinated vimentin antibodies (Anti MCV) is an auto antibody in the category of anti citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) that has same sensitivity but more specific compared with anti cyclic citrullinated protein (anti CCP). Anti MCV is closely related to gen HLA DRB1*04 which has important role in pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Study on correlation between anti MCV and joint destruction and disease activity is still controversial and the different characteristics of AR patients in Indonesia become a strong reason for this study.

Objective:The aim of this study was to described the correlation between anti-mutated citrullinated vimentin (anti MCV) with joint destruction and disease activity of in rheumatoid arthritis patients.

Methods:This is a cross-sectional study on 37 RA patients based on criteria of EULAR/ACR 2010 who came to Rheumatology outpatient clinic Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, period of September ? November 2014 with the method of consecutive sampling. Anti MCV is measured with ELISA method, while joint destruction is scored with Sharp score modified with Van der Heijde ( SSvH ). disease activity score (DAS) 28 is used in disease activity covering DAS 28-CRP and DAS 28-LED. Correlation between anti MCV and joint destruction as well as disease activity is measured with Spearman correlation test with p for significance. Other supporting data include demography, type and dose of therapy, nutrition status, rheumathoid factor, CRP, LED, and peripheral blood.

Results:37 subjects were taken into this study, with 34 (91,9%) are women. Positive anti MCV was found in 26 subjects (70,3%) while positive FR was found in 21 subjects (56%). Median of anti MCV was obtained 26 IU/ml (minimal 10 IU/ml, maximal 151 IU/ml )which is including in low titer. Median of SSvH was 31 (2 ?107) with erosion median score of 5 (0-49) and joint space narrowing (JSN) of 26 (0-64). Average score of DAS 28-CRP was 2,69 (SD1,34) and median score of DAS 28-LED was 4,08 (2,10-5,97), each of which is included in low and medium disease activity. In bivariate analysis it?s found that there is a weak significant positive correlation between anti MCV and SSvH of r = 0,393 (p=0,016) and between anti MCV and score of DAS 28-CRP (r= 0,365 , p=0,013) but there is no correlation between anti MCV and score of DAS 28-LED.

Conclusion:There is a weak significant positive correlation between anti MCV and joint destruction and level of disease activity score DAS 28-CRP. Apart from that, there is no correlation between anti MCV and DAS 28-LED., Background:Rheumatoid Arthritis is a multi-systemic, persistent, exasperated and progressive auto immune joint inflamation disease. Anti-mutated citrullinated vimentin antibodies (Anti MCV) is an auto antibody in the category of anti citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) that has same sensitivity but more specific compared with anti cyclic citrullinated protein (anti CCP). Anti MCV is closely related to gen HLA DRB1*04 which has important role in pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Study on correlation between anti MCV and joint destruction and disease activity is still controversial and the different characteristics of AR patients in Indonesia become a strong reason for this study. Objective:The aim of this study was to described the correlation between anti-mutated citrullinated vimentin (anti MCV) with joint destruction and disease activity of in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Methods:This is a cross-sectional study on 37 RA patients based on criteria of EULAR/ACR 2010 who came to Rheumatology outpatient clinic Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, period of September – November 2014 with the method of consecutive sampling. Anti MCV is measured with ELISA method, while joint destruction is scored with Sharp score modified with Van der Heijde ( SSvH ). disease activity score (DAS) 28 is used in disease activity covering DAS 28-CRP and DAS 28-LED. Correlation between anti MCV and joint destruction as well as disease activity is measured with Spearman correlation test with p for significance. Other supporting data include demography, type and dose of therapy, nutrition status, rheumathoid factor, CRP, LED, and peripheral blood. Results:37 subjects were taken into this study, with 34 (91,9%) are women. Positive anti MCV was found in 26 subjects (70,3%) while positive FR was found in 21 subjects (56%). Median of anti MCV was obtained 26 IU/ml (minimal 10 IU/ml, maximal 151 IU/ml )which is including in low titer. Median of SSvH was 31 (2 –107) with erosion median score of 5 (0-49) and joint space narrowing (JSN) of 26 (0-64). Average score of DAS 28-CRP was 2,69 (SD1,34) and median score of DAS 28-LED was 4,08 (2,10-5,97), each of which is included in low and medium disease activity. In bivariate analysis it’s found that there is a weak significant positive correlation between anti MCV and SSvH of r = 0,393 (p=0,016) and between anti MCV and score of DAS 28-CRP (r= 0,365 , p=0,013) but there is no correlation between anti MCV and score of DAS 28-LED. Conclusion:There is a weak significant positive correlation between anti MCV and joint destruction and level of disease activity score DAS 28-CRP. Apart from that, there is no correlation between anti MCV and DAS 28-LED.]

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang : Pneumonia komunitas merupakan satu masalah kesehatan yang besar. Mortalitas akibat pneumonia komunitas masih tinggi, terutama di Indonesia bila dibandingkan dengan negara-negara lain. Skor CURB-65 merupakan sistem skoring yang telah dipakai secara luas, namun memiliki beberapa kekurangan sehingga diperlukan sistem skor baru untuk menilai derajat keparahan pneumonia komunitas. Saat ini telah diperkenalkan sistem skor expanded-CURB-65 yang dinilai dapat lebih baik dalam hubungannya sebagai prediktor mortalitas 30 hari pneumonia komunitas. Tujuan : Menilai performa kalibrasi dan diskriminasi skor expanded-CURB-65 untuk digunakan dalam memprediksi mortalitas 30 hari pasien pneumonia komunitas di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional dr.Cipto Mangunkusumo. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan studi kohort prospektif dengan subyek penelitian pasien pneumonia komunitas yang datang ke IGD, poliklinik paru atau dirawat di ruang rawat RSCM. Keluaran yang dinilai adalah mortalitas pasien dalam 30 hari. Dilakukan penilaian performa diskriminasi skor expanded-CURB-65 menggunakan area under the curve AUC . Performa kalibrasi dinilai dengan plot kalibrasi dan tes Hosmer-Lemeshow. Hasil : 267 pasien ikut serta dalam penelitian ini dengan angka mortalitas 31,5 . Performa kalibrasi ditunjukkan oleh plot kalibrasi skor expanded-CURB-65 dengan r = 0,94 serta uji Hosmer-Lemeshow dengan nilai p = 0,57. Performa diskriminasi skor expanded-CURB-65 ditunjukkan oleh kurva ROC dengan nilai AUC 0,796 IK95 0,74-0,86. Simpulan : Mortalitas meningkat seiring peningkatan kelas risiko expanded-CURB-65. Expanded-CURB-65 menunjukkan performa kalibrasi dan diskriminasi yang baik dalam memprediksi mortalitas 30 hari pasien pneumonia komunitas di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo. ...... Background : Community acquired pneumonia is a major health problem. Mortality due to community pneumonia is still high, especially in Indonesia compared to other countries. The CURB 65 score is a widely used scoring system, but has some drawbacks so a new scoring system is needed to assess the severity of community pneumonia. Currently, the expanded CURB 65 scoring system has been assessed better to predict 30 day mortality of community acquired pneumonia. Aim : To evaluate calibration and discrimination performance of the expanded CURB 65 score in predicting 30 days mortality of community acquired pneumonia patients at the National Center General Hospital dr.Cipto Mangunkusumo. Method : This study was a prospective cohort study with the study subjects community acquired pneumonia patients who came to the Emergency Room ER , pulmonary polyclinics or hospitalized in RSCM. The assessed outcome was patient mortality within 30 days. Discrimination performance of the expanded CURB 65 score assessed using the area under the curve AUC . Calibration was evaluated with calibration plot and Hosmer Lemeshow test. Results : 267 patients participated in the study with a mortality rate of 31.5. Calibration plot of expanded CURB 65 score showed r 0,94 and Hosmer Lemeshow test showed p 0,57. Discrimination was shown by ROC curve with AUC 0,796 CI95 0,74 0,86. Conclusion : Mortality increases with increasing risk class of expanded CURB 65. Expanded CURB 65 showed a good calibration and discrimination performance in predicting 30 day mortality higher in community acquired pneumonia patients in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Di Indonesia diperkirakan ada 100 pasien kanker baru per 100.000 penduduk setiap tahun dan nyeri menjadi salah satu masalah utama yang dihadapi pasien dengan kanker. Paint Management Index (PMI) adalah suatu instrumen untuk menilai tingkat kesesuaian terapi nyeri kanker yang dibuat berdasarkan panduan terapi nyeri kanker WHO dan Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR). Kesesuaian terapi nyeri dinyatakan baik bila pemberian obat analgesik sesuai dengan kualitas nyeri yang dikeluhkan pasien. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat pendidikan dan latar belakang dokter PPDS dengan tingkat kesesuaian terapi nyeri pada pasien kanker berdasarkan PMI. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang. Populasi penelitian adalah pasien kanker yang berobat rawat jalan maupun rawat inap di RSCM. Sampel diambil dengan metode consecutive. Data penelitian didapatkan melalui wawancara Subjek penelitian. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square dan nilai p yang dianggap bermakna apabila kurang dari 0,05. Hasil: Sampel sebanyak 98 pasien kanker dengan rerata usia 47,2 ± 13,4 tahun dan jenis kelamin terbanyak adalah perempuan (52%). Lokasi kanker tertinggi pada daerah genital (23,5%) dengan stadium kanker terbanyak pada stadium 3 (38,7%). Median intensitas nyeri sebelum dan sesudah terapi ada pada skala nyeri 4 (1-9) dan 1 (0-6). Latar belakang pendidikan dokter berasal dari 5 departemen dengan tahun pendidikan terbanyak pada tahun ketiga (54,1%). Proporsi kesesuaian terapi Antinyeri (Skor PMI ≥ 0) sebesar 54,1%. Hubungan antara kesesuaian terapi nyeri dengan latar belakang pendidikan dokter PPDS (p<0,001) dan tahun pendidikan (p=0,022). Simpulan: Proporsi kesesuaian terapi nyeri pada pasien kanker di RSCM sebesar 54,1% dan terdapat hubungan antara tingkat pendidikan dan latar belakang pendidikan dokter PPDS dalam kesesuaian terapi nyeri kanker.

---

ABSTRACT Background: In Indonesia, there are an estimated 100 new cancer patients per 100.000 populations every year and pain becomes one of the major problems faced by patients with cancer. Paint Management Index (PMI) is an instrument to assess the suitability of cancer pain therapy which is based on the WHO cancer pain treatment guidelines and Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR). Suitability of pain therapy is considered good when giving analgesics according to the pain quality which complained by the patient. Aim: To know the relationship between level of education and background of doctors who participate in specialist medical education program with the suitability of pain therapy in cancer patients based on PMI. Method: This study used a cross-sectional design. The study population was outpatients or inpatients with cancer at the RSCM. Samples were taken with consecutive sampling. Data were obtained through interview with the subjects. Data were analyzed using chisquare test and p values were considered significant if lower than 0.05. Result: There were 98 cancer patients with a mean age of 47.2 ± 13.4 years and most were female (52%). Highest location of cancers was in the genital area (23.5%) and cancer stage mostly in stage 3 (38.7%). Median of pain intensity before and after the therapy were 4 (1-9) and 1 (0-6) respectively. Doctors? educational background came from 5 different departments with the highest level of education was in the third year (54.1%). Suitability of anti-pain therapy (PMI Score ≥ 0) was 54.1%. The relationship between the suitability of pain therapy by doctors who participate in specialist medical education program (p <0.001) and level of education (p = 0.022). Conclusion: Suitability of anti-pain therapy in cancer patients in RSCM was 54,1% and there was association between the suitability of pain therapy by doctors who participate in specialist medical education program and level of education.

Abstrak :
Latar belakang: Pneumonia berat yang membutuhkan tatalaksana ventilasi mekanik prevalensnya terus meningkat. Tindakan trakeostomi dilakukan untuk memfasilitasi penyapihan ventilasi mekanik. Studi sebelumnya dalam menilai faktor terkait kegagalan penyapihan ventilasi mekanik pasca trakeostomi masih sedikit dan menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda. Tujuan: Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proporsi dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kegagalan penyapihan ventilasi mekanik pasca trakeostomi pada pasien pneumonia berat. Metode: Studi ini menggunakan desain kohort retrospektif dari data rekam medik pasien yang dirawat di ICU/HCU RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo antara tahun 2018-bulan Juni 2022. Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kegagalan penyapihan ventilasi mekanik pasca trakeostomi pada pasien pneumonia berat didapatkan dari hasil analisis multivariat dengan regresi logistik. Hasil: Dari total 328 subjek yang memenuhi kriteria didapatkan proporsi kegagalan penyapihan ventilasi mekanik adalah 70,73%. Faktor yang memengaruhi kegagalan penyapihan ventilasi mekanik adalah durasi ventilasi mekanik >14 hari dengan RR 2,079 (IK 95% 1,566-2,760, p<0,0001), obesitas dengan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) ≥25 dengan RR 1,188 (IK 95% 1,016-1,389, p=0,031) dan Neutrofil Limfosit Rasio (NLR) pasca trakeostomi ≥11 dengan RR 1,244 (IK 95% 1,071-1,445, p=0,004). Simpulan: Proporsi kegagalan penyapihan ventilasi mekanik pasca trakeostomi pada pasien pneumonia berat adalah 70,73%. Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kegagalan penyapihan ventilasi mekanik adalah durasi ventilasi mekanik >14 hari, obesitas (IMT ≥25 kg/m2) dan NLR pasca Trakeostomi ≥11 ......Background: The prevalence of severe pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation continues to increase. A tracheostomy was performed to facilitate weaning from mechanical ventilation. Previous studies assessing factors related to weaning failure from mechanical ventilation after tracheostomy are few and show varying result. Objective: This study aims to determine proportion and factors that influence failure to wean from mechanical ventilation after tracheostomy in patients with severe pneumonia. Methods: This study used a retrospective cohort design from medical record data of patients treated in the ICU/HCU of RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo between 2018-June 2022. Factors affecting failure to wean mechanical ventilation after tracheostomy in patients with severe pneumonia were obtained from the result of multivariate regression analysis. Results: From a total 328 subjects who met the criteria, the proportion of weaning failure was 70,73%. Factors that influence failure to wean are duration of mechanical ventilation >14 days RR 2,079 (95% CI 1,566-2,760, p<0,0001), obesity (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) RR 1,188 (95% CI 1,016-1,389, p=0,031) and post-tracheostomy Neutrofil Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) ≥11,RR 1,244 (95% CI 1,071-1,445, p=0,004). Conclusion: The proportion of weaning failure from mechanical ventilation after tracheostomy in patients with severe pneumonia was 70,73%. Factors that influence weaning failure are duration of mechanical ventilation > 14 days, obesity (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) and post-tracheostomy NLR ≥11.

Abstrak :
Latar belakang HIV / AIDS adalah penyakit kronis dengan spektrum klinis luas yang membutuhkan perawatan seumur hidup, dan dapat menurunkan kualitas hidup. Belum ada alat sederhana untuk mengevaluasi gejala infeksi HIV dan efek samping pengobatan yang dapat digunakan dalam pengaturan rawat jalan. Pengukuran gejala objektif penting karena berkorelasi dengan kepatuhan pengobatan dan progresifitas penyakit. Objektif. Untuk menilai keandalan Indeks Gejala HIV versi Indonesia untuk mengukur gejala pasien HIV / AIDS, dan mengetahui profil gejala / pola pasien HIV / AIDS di Indonesia menggunakan Indeks Gejala HIV. Metode. Ini adalah studi cross sectional pada subyek HIV / AIDS rawat jalan. Subjek direkrut secara acak di klinik HIV Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo dari September hingga November 2018. Penilaian reliabilitas onaire Questi dilakukan pada 20 subjek, dan evaluasi gejala dilakukan pada 87 subjek. Adaptasi bahasa dari versi bahasa Inggris asli ke bahasa Indonesia dilakukan dengan metode Beaton dan Guillemin. Realibility dari versi Indonesia Indeks Gejala HIV diuji dengan alpha cronbach adalah analisis koefisien, dan validitas internal itu diuji dengan multitrait analisis skala. Indeks Gejala HIV versi Indonesia yang valid dan andal kemudian digunakan untuk membuat profil pola gejala pasien HIV / AIDS di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo . Hasil. Indeks Gejala HIV versi Indonesia dapat diandalkan ( cronbach alpha 0,76) dan valid ( korelasi multitrait > 0,4) untuk mengukur gejala pasien HIV / AIDS. Gejala yang paling umum adalah kelelahan (55,7%), diikuti oleh insomnia (43,3%), pusing dan pusing (42,3%), masalah kulit (42,3%), dan nyeri, mati rasa, atau kesemutan di tangan atau kaki (39,2%). Keluhan paling jarang adalah demam (15,5%), batuk (20,6%), mual atau muntah (20,6%), diare (21,6%), dan kehilangan nafsu makan (23,7%). Kesimpulan. Indeks gejala HIV versi Indonesia dapat diandalkan dan valid untuk mengukur gejala pasien HIV / AIDS secara objektif. Gejala yang paling sering adalah kelelahan atau kelemahan, pusing atau sakit kepala ringan, susah tidur, masalah kulit, dan nyeri, mati rasa, atau kesemutan di tangan atau kaki. ......Backgrounds. HIV/AIDS is a chronic disease with a wide clinical spectrum which needs a long life treatment, and could decrease quality of life. There is yet a simple tool to evaluate symptoms of HIV infection and treatment s side effect that can be used in outpatient setting. Objective symptoms measurement is important because it is correlated to treatment adherence and progressivity of the disease. Objective. To assess reliability of Indonesian version of HIV Symptom Index for measuring symptoms of HIV/AIDS patients, and knowing the symptom profile/pattern of HIV/AIDS patients in Indonesia using HIV Symptom Index. Method. It is a cross sectional study in outpatient HIV/AIDS subjects. Subjects are recruited randomly in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital s HIV clinic from September until November 2018. Questionaire reliability assessment was done on 20 subjects, and symptom evaluation is done on 87 subjects. Language adaptation from the original english version into Indonesian was done with Beaton and Guillemin method. Realibility of Indonesian version of HIV Symptom Index was tested by alpha cronbach s a coefficient analysis, and the internal validity was tested with multitrait scaling analysis. The Valid and reliable Indonesian version of HIV Symptom Index is then used to profile the symptom pattern of HIV/AIDS patients in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Result. Indonesian version of HIV Symptom Index is reliable (cronbach alpha 0,76) and valid (multitrait correlation >0,4) to measure symptoms of HIV/AIDS patients. The most common symptom is fatigue (55,7%), followed by insomnia (43,3%), dizziness and lightheaded (42.3%), skin problems (42,3%), and pain, numbness, or tingling in the hands or feet (39,2%). The rarest symptoms are fever (15,5%), cough (20,6%), nausea or vomiting (20,6%), diarrhea (21,6%), and lost of appetite (23,7%). Conclusion. Indonesian version of HIV symptom Index is reliable and valid to measure symptoms of HIV/AIDS patiens objectively. Most frequent symotoms are fatigue or weakness, dizzines or lightheaded, insomnia, skin problems, and pain, numbness, or tingling in the hands or feet.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Latar belakang : Kunjungan dan angka mortalitas pasien di Instalasi Gawat Darurat (IGD) semakin meningkat dengan kondisi penyakit yang bervariasi, sehingga deteksi yang cepat dan tepat pada pasien dengan risiko mortalitas tinggi sangat penting. Skor Hypotension, Oxygen Saturation, Low Temperature, ECG Changes, and Loss of Independence (HOTEL) sangat baik dan penting untuk diterapkan pada pasien gawat darurat karena menggunakan variabel-variabel yang mudah dan cepat diperoleh. Namun demikian skor tersebut belum divalidasi di Indonesia.

Tujuan : untuk menilai performa skor HOTEL dalam memprediksi mortalitas 24 jam pasien non bedah di IGD Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM).

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi kohort retrospektif. Subjek penelitian adalah pasien non bedah yang masuk ke IGD RSCM pada bulan Oktober hingga November 2012. Variabel bebas yang dinilai adalah tekanan darah sistolik, saturasi oksigen perifer, suhu tubuh, perubahan elektrokardiogram (EKG), dan kemampuan berdiri tanpa bantuan. Luaran yang dinilai adalah mortalitas dalam 24 jam setelah masuk IGD. Performa kalibrasi dinilai dengan uji Hosmer-Lemeshow. Performa diskriminasi dinilai dengan area under the curve (AUC).

Hasil: Terdapat 815 pasien non bedah yang datang ke IGD RSCM selama bulan Oktober hingga November 2012. Sebanyak 804 (98,7%) subjek memenuhi kriteria inklusi dengan mortalitas 24 jam sebesar 30 (3,7%) subjek. Performa kalibrasi HOTEL dengan uji Hosmer-Lemeshow menunjukkan p = 0,753. Performa diskriminasi ditunjukkan dengan nilai AUC 0,86 (IK 95% 0,781; 0,931).

Simpulan: Skor HOTEL memiliki performa kalibrasi dan diskriminasi yang baik dalam memprediksi mortalitas 24 jam pada pasien non bedah yang masuk ke IGD RSCM.

---

ABSTRACT
Background: The number of visit and mortality rate of emergency patients at Emergency Department (ED) have been increasing from time to time. Those patients have wide spectrum conditions. Appropriate identification of the patients with high mortality risk is crucial. The Hypotension, Oxygen Saturation, Low Temperature, ECG changes, and Loss of Independence (HOTEL) score is easy and important to be applied in the ED, however, the score has not been validated in Indonesia.

Objective: to evaluate performance of HOTEL score in predicting the 24-hour mortality non-surgical patients in ED of Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital.

Method: This was a retrospective cohort study. The research subjects were the non-surgical patients who admitted to ED of RSCM between October-November 2012. We collected systolic blood pressure, peripheral oxygen saturation, body temperature, ECG changes, and loss of independence. Those data were evaluated based on the HOTEL scoring system. The outcome were evaluated in 24- hour after admission (alive or dead). The calibration was evaluated with the Hosmer-Lemeshow test. The discrimination performance was evaluated with area under the curve (AUC).

Results: There were 815 non-surgical patients admitted to the ED between October until November 2012. There were 804 (98,7%) subjects included. The 24-hour mortality rate was 30 subjects (3,7%). The calibration performance with the Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed p = 0,753. The discrimination performance was shown with the AUC score 0,86 (95% CI 0.781; 0.931).

Conclusion: The HOTEL score has a good calibration and discrimination performance in predicting the 24-hour mortality of the non-surgical patients in ED of Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK Latar Belakang : Para pekerja yang melakukan aktivitas fisik di lingkungan panas tinggi dapat mengalami gangguan pada ginjal. Selain glomerulus, bagian tubulointerstium yang memiliki fungsi penting reabsorsi dan sekresi, diduga juga mengalami gangguan. Ingin diketahui lebih lanjut ada tidaknya gangguan pada sel tubulus ginjal para pekerja setelah 4 jam pajanan panas tinggi melalui pemeriksaan NGAL urin yang lebih spesifik. Metode : Desain penelitian ini adalah baseline study dan pre-post study.Dilakukan di bagian hotpress outsole pabrik sepatu di Tangerang bulan April 2015. Data primer didapat melalui wawancara, pemeriksaan langsung tinggi dan berat badan serta pengambilan sampel NGAL urin dilakukan 2 kali, sebelum dan sesudah 4 jam kerja terpajan tekanan panas tinggi (29,0 oC - 31,05 oC ISBB). Untuk pemeriksaan kadar NGAL menggunakan kit komersial (Quantikine kit Human Lipocalin-2/NGAL Immunoassay). Hasil : 68 pekerja memenuhi kriteria inklusi penelitian dan 100 % adalah laki-laki berusia 20-40 tahun yang sehat. Didapatkan nilai NGAL urin awal sebelum terpajan panas antara 0.03 ng/ mL ? 12,82 ng/mL dengan median 1.52 ng/mL. Dari pemeriksaan setelah 4 jam kerja terpajan panas terdapat 25 responden (36,8% ) mengalami kenaikan nilai NGAL dalam urin dengan median kenaikan sebesar 0,35 mg/dL sedangkan 43 responden (63,2%) tidak mengalami kenaikan nilai NGAL dalam urin . Simpulan: Tidak terdapat peningkatan yang dianggap bermakna pada rerata nilai NGAL dalam urin para pekerja pabrik yang tepajan tekanan panas tinggi selama 4 jam kerja.

---

ABSTRACT Background : Workers performing physical activities in heat-stress environment could have kidney disorder. Beside glomerulus, tubulointerstitium which has important function of reabsorption and secretion, is suspected to also have injury. Further exploration on the impact on kidney tubules cells on the workers after 4 hours exposed to heat-stress through more specific examination of urine NGAL (uNGAL). Method : Design of this research are baseline study and pre-post study, conducted at the hotpress outsole department at a shoe factory in Tangerang in April 2015. Primary data obtained through interview, direct examination on height and weight and taking sample of uNGAL twice time, before and after 4 hours of moderate working activities in the area of high heat-stress (29,0 oC - 31,05 oC WGBT) . Examining NGAL level by using commercial kit (Quantikine kit Human Lipocalin-2/NGAL Immunoassay). Result : 68 workers fit with criteria inclusion study and 100% are healthy men aged between 20-40 years. The result of uNGAL initial scores are between 0.03 ng/ mL ? 12,82 ng/mL with median of 1.52 ng/mL. After 4 hours of moderate working activities in the area of high heat-stress there are 25 workers ( 36,8% ) have increase uNGAL level with median of 0,35 mg/dL, while the other 43 workers (63,2%) have not. Summary : There is no significant changes of urine NGAL score after 4 hours of working within worker population in the area of high heat-stress.

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Pendahuluan Hipertensi merupakan masalah kesehatan dunia karena jumlah penderita yang banyak serta komplikasi yang diakibatkannya. Pengendalian tekanan darah pada pada pasien hipertensi masih belum adekuat. Penyebab utama kegagalan pengendalian tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi adalah ketidak-patuhan berobat, adanya therapeutic inertia dan penyakit yang resisten. Tujuan Mengetahui proporsi therapeutic inertia pada pasien dengan tekanan darah tidak terkontrol, tingkat medication adherence dan proporsi pengendalian tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi yang telah berobat lebih dari enam bulan dengan melakukan pengisian kuesioner mengenai kepatuhan berobat dan evaluasi dari rekam medis mengenai tatalaksana hipertensi. Metode Telah dilakukan penelitian potong lintang pada bulan April 2015 sampai Mei 2015 terhadap 126 pasien dengan hipertensi dan telah berobat lebih dari enam bulan di poliklinik Ginjal-Hipertensi RSCM Jakarta-Indonesia. Subjek dilakukan wawancara terstruktur dan pengukuran tekanan darah dan diminta untuk mengisi kuesioner 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Score (MMAS-8) untuk menilai kepatuhan berobat serta evaluasi rekam medis pasien untuk menilai tatalaksana hipertensi yang diterima, serta tekanan darah selama berobat. Hasil Didapatkan 113 subjek yang sesuai dengan kriteria penelitian. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan pengendalian tekanan darah adalah sebesar 69,3% dari seluruh kunjungan pada pasien dengan tekanan darah tinggi, dari 30,7% pasien dengan tekanan darah tidak terkontrol, tingkat therapeutic inertia mencapai 84,1%. Kepatuhan berobat yang baik didapatkan pada 85,8% pasien dengan hipertensi Simpulan Tingkat pengendalian tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi sudah cukup baik. Kepatuhan berobat pasien dengan hipertensi sudah baik. Tingkat therapeutic inertia pada pasien hipertensi dengan tekanan darah tidak terkontrol masih tinggi.

---

ABSTRACT
Background Hypertension is a worldwide medical problem because of huge amount of hypertensive patient and complication tha follows. The blood pressure control of hypertensive patients is inadequate. The main reason failure in controlling blood pressure of hypertensive patient are medication inadherent, therapeutic inertia and resistant disease. Objectives To determine the proportion of therapeutic inertia in hypertensive patient with uncontrolled blood pressure, medication adherence level and blood pressure control rate in hypertensive patient who has been on medication for over than six month by filling questionnaire on medication adherence and evaluation of medical record on hypertension therapy. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted in April 2015 through May 2015 on 126 hypertensive patient and has been on hypertension medication for over than six month at Nephrology-Hypertension clinic Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta- Indonesia. We conducted structured interview and blood pressure measurement to the subject, and requested to fill 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Score (MMAS-8) to evaluate medication adherence and reveiw of medical record to evaluate hypertension therapy and blood pressure during ambulatory visit. Results There were 113 subject that meet the study criteria. The blood pressure control rate were 69.3% from all visit of hypertensive patient. From 30.7% visit with uncontrolled blood pressure, therapeutic inertia were 84,1%. Good medication adherence were found in 85.8% hypertensive patient. Conclusion Blood pressure control rate in hypertensive patient is good. Medication adherence in hypertensive patient were also found good. We found that the theraputic inertia level among hypertensive patient with uncontrolled blood pressure is high., Background Hypertension is a worldwide medical problem because of huge amount of hypertensive patient and complication tha follows. The blood pressure control of hypertensive patients is inadequate. The main reason failure in controlling blood pressure of hypertensive patient are medication inadherent, therapeutic inertia and resistant disease. Objectives To determine the proportion of therapeutic inertia in hypertensive patient with uncontrolled blood pressure, medication adherence level and blood pressure control rate in hypertensive patient who has been on medication for over than six month by filling questionnaire on medication adherence and evaluation of medical record on hypertension therapy. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted in April 2015 through May 2015 on 126 hypertensive patient and has been on hypertension medication for over than six month at Nephrology-Hypertension clinic Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta- Indonesia. We conducted structured interview and blood pressure measurement to the subject, and requested to fill 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Score (MMAS-8) to evaluate medication adherence and reveiw of medical record to evaluate hypertension therapy and blood pressure during ambulatory visit. Results There were 113 subject that meet the study criteria. The blood pressure control rate were 69.3% from all visit of hypertensive patient. From 30.7% visit with uncontrolled blood pressure, therapeutic inertia were 84,1%. Good medication adherence were found in 85.8% hypertensive patient. Conclusion Blood pressure control rate in hypertensive patient is good. Medication adherence in hypertensive patient were also found good. We found that the theraputic inertia level among hypertensive patient with uncontrolled blood pressure is high.]

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang : Perbedaan antara demam dengue ( DD ) dan demam berdarah dengue ( DBD ) adalah terjadinya kebocoran plasma pada DBD. Kebocoran plasma pada ruang interstitial ditandai dengan adanya efusi cairan di pleura dan peritoneal, hemokonsentrasi, serta hipovolemia intravaskular. Keadaan ini menyebabkan gangguan perfusi ke jaringan, sehingga menyebabkan metabolism anaerob. yang menimbulkan peningkatan kadar laktat dalam darah. Tujuan Penelitian: Mengetahui peran laktat sebagai prediktor prognosis dan diagnosis kebocoran plasma pada infeksi dengue pasien dewasa. Metode: Studi potong lintang, pada infeksi virus dengue pasien dewasa yang dirawat di bangsal penyakit dalam RS Cipto Mangunkusumo dan RS Persahabatan Jakarta. Jumlah subjek sebanyak 57 orang. Dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar laktat untuk melihat perbedaan rerata kadar laktat antara DD dan DBD dengan uji t-tes tidak berpasangan, dan nilai titik potong kadar laktat pada keadaan tanpa atau dengan kebocoran plasma dilakukan dengan menentukan sensitifitas dan spesifisitas terbaik dari kurva ROC yang sudah dibuat. Hasil: Rerata kadar laktat pada DBD secara bermakna lebih tinggi daripada DD. Nilai titik potong untuk prediktor prognostik pada hari ke-3 yang ditentukan dengan kurva ROC mendapatkan nilai kadar laktat ≥ 2,65 mmol/ L dengan AUC 0,626 ; IK 95% 0,480-0,772. Dan nilai titik potong untuk diagnostik pada hari ke- 5 mendapatkan nilai kadar laktat ≥ 2,55 mmol/L memberikan sensitivitas 66,6%% dan spesifisitas 54,2%. Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna kadar laktat antara DD dan DBD. Nilai kadar laktat ≥ 2,65 mmol/L belum dapat digunakan sebagai prediktor prognostik adanya kebocoran plasma pada fase kritis. Nilai kadar laktat ≥ 2,55 mmol/L pada saat fase kritis dipakai sebagai petanda adanya kebocoran plasma dengan akurasi yang rendah.

---

ABSTRACT
Background : The difference between dengue fever (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is plasma leakage which occurs in DHF. The leakage of plasma into interstitial space is shown by pleura and peritoneal effusion, hemoconcentration, and intravascular hypovolemia. Anaerob metabolism will occur due to perfusion dysfunction which will cause increased serum lactate. Objectives : To determine the role of lactate as a prognostic predictor and diagnostic in plasma leakage which occurs in adult dengue-infected patients. Methods : This is cross-sectional study which is conducted in adult dengueinfected patients hospitalized in internal medicine ward of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital and Persahabatan Hospital in Jakarta. There are 57 adult dengue-infected patients recruited. Serum lactate is examined to determine the mean difference between DF and DHF. The data is analyzed by t-test independent and cut-off point is identified in presence as well as absence of plasma leakage which is to determine the sensitivity and specificity based on ROC curve. Results : The mean of serum lactate in DHF is significantly higher compared to DF. The cut-off point of prognostic predictor in day three of fever which is determined based on ROC curve shows lactate serum ≥ 2.65 mmol/L with AUC 0.626; 95% CI 0.480-0.772. Moreover, the cut-off point of diagnostic factor in day five of fever is shown by serum lactate ≥ 2.55 mmol/L with sensitivity 66.6% and specificity 54.2%. Conclusion : There is difference of serum lactate in DF and DHF. Serum lactate ≥ 2.65 mmol/L could not be used as a prognostic predictor of plasma leakage in critical phase. Serum lactate ≥ 2.55 mmol/L during critical phase could be used as a marker of plasma leakage but low of accuracy, Background : The difference between dengue fever (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is plasma leakage which occurs in DHF. The leakage of plasma into interstitial space is shown by pleura and peritoneal effusion, hemoconcentration, and intravascular hypovolemia. Anaerob metabolism will occur due to perfusion dysfunction which will cause increased serum lactate. Objectives : To determine the role of lactate as a prognostic predictor and diagnostic in plasma leakage which occurs in adult dengue-infected patients. Methods : This is cross-sectional study which is conducted in adult dengueinfected patients hospitalized in internal medicine ward of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital and Persahabatan Hospital in Jakarta. There are 57 adult dengue-infected patients recruited. Serum lactate is examined to determine the mean difference between DF and DHF. The data is analyzed by t-test independent and cut-off point is identified in presence as well as absence of plasma leakage which is to determine the sensitivity and specificity based on ROC curve. Results : The mean of serum lactate in DHF is significantly higher compared to DF. The cut-off point of prognostic predictor in day three of fever which is determined based on ROC curve shows lactate serum ≥ 2.65 mmol/L with AUC 0.626; 95% CI 0.480-0.772. Moreover, the cut-off point of diagnostic factor in day five of fever is shown by serum lactate ≥ 2.55 mmol/L with sensitivity 66.6% and specificity 54.2%. Conclusion : There is difference of serum lactate in DF and DHF. Serum lactate ≥ 2.65 mmol/L could not be used as a prognostic predictor of plasma leakage in critical phase. Serum lactate ≥ 2.55 mmol/L during critical phase could be used as a marker of plasma leakage but low of accuracy]

Abstrak :
Latar belakang. HIV/AIDS merupakan penyakit kronik yang memiliki spektrum klinis yang sangat luas, memerlukan terapi seumur hidup, dan dapat menurunkan kualitas hidup. Belum terdapat alat evaluasi keluhan penyakit dan efek samping pengobatan pasien HIV/AIDS yang sederhana untuk digunakan saat evaluasi di rawat jalan. Pemantauan keluhan secara objektif penting karena berhubungan dengan kualitas hidup dan kepatuhan berobat pasien HIV/AIDS. Belum diketahui apakah pasien HIV/AIDS yang sudah dalam terapi masih memiliki banyak keluhan yang dapat mempengaruhi kualitas hidupnya secara keseluruhan. Tujuan. Menilai keandalan kuesioner Indeks Simtom HIV untuk menilai keluhan pasien HIV/AIDS, mengetahui profil keluhan pasien HIV/AIDS di Indonesia dengan menggunakan kuesioner Indeks Simtom HIV, mengetahui korelasi keluhan dengan kualitas hidup pasien HIV/AIDS. Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang pada subjek pasien HIV/AIDS yang berobat jalan rutin di poliklinik HIV. Subjek direkrut secara random pada September hingga November 2018 di RS Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta. Uji coba kuesioner dilakukan pada 20, dan evaluasi keluhan dilakukan pada 87 subjek. Sebelum uji coba, dilakukan proses adaptasi bahasa kuesioner Indeks Simtom HIV yang dikembangkan Justice et al ke bahasa Indonesia dengan metode Beaton dan Guillemin. Setelah itu dilakukan uji keandalan dengan analisis Alpha Cronbach's a coefficient, serta uji validitas internal dengan multitrait scaling analysis. Selanjutnya evaluasi keluhan dilakukan pada pasien di unit pelayanan terpadu HIV RS Cipto Mangunkusumo. Bersamaan dengan itu subjek juga dinilai kualitas hidupnya dengan kuesioner WHOQOL-HIV BREF. Dilakukan analisis korelasi keluhan dengan kualitas hidup dengan analisis korelasi spearman. Hasil. Kuesioner Indeks Simtom HIV hasil adaptasi bahasa Indonesia andal (Cronbach alpha 0,760) dan valid (korelasi multitrait >0,4) untuk menilai keluhan pasien HIV/AIDS. Keluhan yang terbanyak dialami subjek adalah kelelahan (55,7%), gangguan tidur (43,3%), pusing/keliyengan (42,3%), masalah pada kulit (42,3%) dan nyeri, mati rasa, atau kesemutan di kaki atau tangan (39,2%), sementara yang paling jarang adalah demam (15,5%), batuk (20,6%), mual (20,6%), diare (21,6%), dan penurunan nafsu makan (23,7%). Korelasi keluhan pasien HIV/AIDS saat rawat jalan dengan kualitas hidup tidak ada (r=-0,245, p=0,022), terdapat korelasi sedang antara keluhan dengan tingkat independensi (r =-0,575, p < 0,001), dan terdapat korelasi lemah dengan domain fisik, sosial, lingkungan, spiritual (r > -0,3, p < 0,05). Kesimpulan. Penggunaan kuesioner Indeks Simtom HIV dalam bahasa Indonesia sahih dan andal untuk menilai keluhan pasien HIV/AIDS dengan lebih objektif. Tiga keluhan terbanyak yang dialami pasien HIV yang sudah mendapat terapi antiretroviral adalah kelelahan atau kurang energi, pusing atau keliyengan, dan gangguan tidur, keluhan tersebut berkaitan dengan efek samping terapi antiretroviral. Keluhan pasien HIV/AIDS yang sudah mendapat terapi tidak berhubungan dengan kualitas hidup. ......Backgrounds. HIV/AIDS is a chronic disease with a wide clinical spectrum which needs a long life treatment, and could decrease quality of life. There is yet a simple tool to evaluate symptoms of HIV infection and treatments side effect that can be used in outpatient setting. Objective symptoms measurement is important because it is correlated to treatment adherence and progressivity of the disease. Whether symptoms in outpatient HIV subjects whom are already treated are correlated to the quality of life is not yet known. Reliability of Indonesian version of HIV Symptom Index for measuring symptoms of HIV/AIDS patients, knowing the symptom profile/pattern of HIV/AIDS patients in Indonesia using HIV Symptom Index, and knowing the correlation between symptoms and quality of life in HIV/AIDS patients. Method. It is a cross sectional study in outpatient HIV/AIDS subjects. Subjects are recruited randomly in Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospitals HIV  clinic from September until November 2018. Questionaire reliability assessment is done on 20 subjects, and symptom evaluation is done on 87 subjects. Language adaptation from the original english version into Indonesian was done with Beaton and Guillemin method. Realibility of Indonesian version of HIV Symptom Index was tested by alpha cronbachs a coefficient analysis, and the internal validity was tested with multitrait scaling analysis. The Valid and reliable Indonesian version of HIV Symptom Index is then used to profile the symptom pattern of HIV/AIDS patients in Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital. Quality of life of the subjects were measured with WHOQOL-HIV BREF questionnaire. Correlation between symptoms and quality of life was analyzed with spearman correlation analysis. Result.  Indonesian version of HIV Symptom Index is reliable (cronbach alpha 0,76) and valid (multitrait correlation >0,4) to measure symptoms of HIV/AIDS patients. The most common symptom is fatigue (55,7%), followed by insomnia (43,3%), dizziness and lightheaded (42.3%), skin problems (42,3%), and pain, numbness, or tingling in the hands or feet (39,2%). The rarest symptoms are fever (15,5%), cough (20,6%), nausea or vomiting (20,6%), diarrhea (21,6%), and lost of appetite (23,7%). Symptoms of HIV/AIDS patients treated with Antiretroviral (ARV) are not correlated with the quality of life (r=0,245, p=0,022) but have a moderate correlation with independence domain (r=0,575, p<0,001), and have a weak correlation with physical, social, environment, and spiritual domains (r>-0,3, p<0,05). Conclusion. Indonesian version of HIV symptom Index is reliable and valid to measure symptoms of HIV/AIDS patiens objectively. Three most frequent symptoms are fatigue or weakness, dizzines or lightheaded, and insomnia. These symptoms are related to side effects of antiretroviral therapy. Symptoms of ARV treated HIV/AIDS patients were not correlated with the quality of life.