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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Banyak pandangan yang mengatakan bahwa perdagangan intra industri hanya terjadi antar sesama Negara maju. Walaupun demikian, tesis ini menunjukkan bahwa perdagangan intra industri juga terjadi antara Negara maju dan Negara berkembang, pun antar sesama Negara berkembang. Selain itu, tesis ini juga menunjukkan faktor yang berpengaruh dalam perdagangan intra industri, terutama faktor foreign direct investment (FDI). Data yang digunakan oleh penulis dalam penelitian ini adalah data perdagangan dua digit dalam nomenklatur ISIC untuk periode 1991-2012 antara Indonesia-kelompok Negara OECD dan Indonesiakelompok Negara non OECD. Data perdagangan tersebut kemudian dikalkulasi sehingga diperoleh nilai share dari perdagangan intra industri antara dua pihak tersebut diatas yang dinyatakan dalam indeks Grubel-Lloyd. Selanjutnya, dengan menggunakan tehnik regresi data panel, diketahui bahwa FDI dan trade openness mempengaruhi perdagangan intra industri antar Negara tersebut diatas. Namun, perbedaan nilai PDB dan trade balance memiliki pengaruh yang berbeda dalam perdagangan intra industri antara Indonesia-kelompok Negara OECD dan Indonesia-kelompok Negara Non-OECD.

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ABSTRACT
Although there is a view that saying intra industry trade only occurs among the developed countries, this research paper has showed that intra industry trade pattern also arises between developed and developing countries, also between developing and developing countries. By using the trade data in two digit level of ISIC nomenclature at six manufacture sectors during 1991-2012, the share of intra industry pattern can be calculated and presented in GL index. Overall, the GL index of Indonesia-OECD countries’ trade indicated a higher level compared with the GL index of Indonesia-non OECD countries’ trade. To be more specific, the GL index of Indonesia-OECD countries was increasing overtime at capital-intensive sectors whereas the GL index of Indonesia-non OECD countries was rising at labor-intensive sectors. The driving factors that influencing the shares of intra industry trade within these countries were varied. Among the FDI, GDP differences, trade balance and openness variables, the significant variables that were affecting the GL index either in the trade with OECD or non OECD countries were FDI at time t-1 and openness. The other two variables were having different significances in affecting the GL Index.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Tesis ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis integrasi pasar komoditas Cabe merah antar 23 pasar di lokasi produksi sayuran di Indonesia dan integrasi pasar antara Pasar Induk di Jakarta dengan 23 pasar produsen Cabe merah di Indonesia. Data yang digunakan adalah data tahunan mulai dari Januari 2000 hingga Desember 2011 untuk data harga Cabe merah di tingkat produsen dan data tahunan mulai Januari 2005 hingga Desember 2011 untuk harga Cabe merah di tingkat Pasar Induk Kramat Jati di Jakarta. Selain harga Cabe merah, variabel lain juga digunakan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh pada hubungan antar pasar komoditas Cabe merah antara lain data produksi, populasi, jarak antar pasar, infrastruktur dan jumlah pasar. Engle dan Granger kointegrasi tes dan ECM digunakan untuk menganalisa transmisi harga, integrasi pasar dan dinamika hubungan jangka panjang dan pendek pada pasar komoditas Cabe merah di Indonesia. Selanjutnya dilakukan analisa deskripsi untuk mengetahui faktorfaktor yang berpengaruh pada integrasi pasar tersebut. Hasil analisis pada model 1 menyimpulkan bahwa pada umumnya pasar produsen tidak terintegrasi dengan Pasar Induk Kramat Jati di Jakarta. Hubungan antar pasar ini cenderung mengarah pada hubungan jangka pendek saja. Sedangkan, hasil pada Model 2 mengindikasikan bahwa pasar komoditas Cabe merah antar 23 pasar produsen di Indonesia memiliki hubungan jangka panjang. Selain itu, perubahan harga jangka pendek yang terjadi di pasar komoditas Cabe merah cenderung langsung berdampak pada harga komoditas Cabe merah di pasar produsen yang lain. Studi ini juga membuktikan bahwa integrasi pasar komoditas Cabe merah di Indonesia dipengaruhi oleh kualitas infrastruktur yang baik, lokasi dan jarak antar pasar, serta peluang pasar yang diindikasikan melalui besarnya jumlah pasar dan jumlah konsumen atau populasi di wilayah tersebut.

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ABSTRACT
Many researchers have been examined price transmission and market integration of staple food in Indonesia, while relatively few studies are there on market integration of vegetable commodities markets. Mostly previous study assessed the information to what extents and to which markets prices are transmitted across spatially different markets. However, there is scarce literature that determines the factors influence market integration or lack of integration in Indonesia. Thus, the analysis of market integration remains weak without further analysis on factors that explain such of market integration or segmentation. Hence, it becomes a gap to be occupied by this research. The author believes that the study on commodity markets integration might be more useful if it is complemented with further discussion on factor that could explain the process of market integration or lack of integration in Indonesia. Therefore, by using prices dataset from 23 producer markets and wholesale market in Jakarta that covering the years from January 2000 to December 2011 and from January 2005 to December 2011 this paper aims to investigate two types of spatial market integration with focus on red chilli commodity markets. A series of techniques, such as the Engle-Granger cointegration test and ECM were used to test red chilli market integration. With this approaches, then it is possible to analyze price transmission, identify market integration or segmentation that occurs in red chilli commodity markets in Indonesia, and specify the long-run and short-run dynamic. Moreover, some variables such as the number of production, population, distance between markets, the quality of infrastructure, and the numbers of markets have been obtained to discuss on factor that might drives interconnectedness between red chilli markets. The result of model 1 indicates that generally producer markets are not cointegrate with PIKJ as central market. However, these markets tend to have short-run relationship. On the other hand, the results of spatial market integration model 2, which test cointegration across 23 producer markets, imply that red chilli markets across producer provinces tend to integrate in thelong-run. In addition, in the short-run changes in the red chilli’s price in one producer market also seem to have immediate impact on red chilli’s price in other producer markets. Finally, the research has shown evidences that red chilli commodity markets integration in Indonesia are influenced by the good quality of infrastructure, location or distance between market, and trade opportunity that can be indicated by the large consumer area such as the number of populations and the number of markets.