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"The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between governance, information asymmetry, and earnings management. Prior indicates that information asymmetry negatively correlated with management (Richardson, 2001). As predicted, this study also found correlation between bid-ask spread, as a proxy of information and discretionary accruals, as a proxy of earnings management. In we also test whether corporate governance mechanisms will impact the discretionary accruals and eventually affect firm value. We use several as proses of corporate governance mechanisms such as institutionalpip, audit quality, independent board, and existence of audit committee, 'that audit committee has significant negative relation with discretionary This indicates that audit committee existence is effectively constraining of earnings management. This study also has that proportion of independent board and existence committee increase the positive relationship between discretionary and stock return. These indicates that earnings management conductedhaving higher proportion of independent board and firms having auditfee will be valued higher by the market."

"Since the temporomandibular joints are components of the stomatognathic system that dentist is most familiar with problems relating to this joints must be recognized, understood and treated by dentists. A comprehensive evaluation of this joint problems must include the radiographic examination. Transcranio lateral is the most commonly used of all conventional TMJ radiographic projection from the lateral aspect that shows the condyle, fossa and eminence as well as the condylar fossa relationship in selected functional movements, but which is not free from superimposed of the adjacent structures. A modified positioning device has been developed over this past years to overcome these superinposition problems. The use of "Condy ray" and "Accurad 200" apparatus that have some advantages over the standard transcraniolateral radiographic projection will be discussed in this paper."

"ABSTRAKThe purpose of our study is to empirically investigate the relation betweencertain corporate governance mechanisms and the likelihood of a companyhaving accounting problem, as evidenced by a misstatement of its earnings.We use public listed firms in JSE as our sample, with total samples of 160firms-years. Our study finds that proportion of independent board, proportion ofinstitutional ownership, and audit quality is significantly have negativerelationship with the probability of restatement. These results suggest that thosegovernOJtce mechanisms are able to prevent misstated financial misstatement.But, we find that three governance mechanisms board size, existence of auditcommittee, and block holders - do not have significant relationship with theprobability of restatement.Keywords: restatement, corporate governance, independent board, board size,audit committee, institutional ownership, block holders, audit quality."

"Osteoporosis has become a worldwide problem and has been known as a silence disease. Nowadays, there are a lot of diagnostic tools for detecting osteoporosis. Eighty eight postmenopausal were included and underwent digital panoramic, digital periapical, and conventional radiography. Ultrasound bone densitometry of os calcis used as gold standard. Correlation between stiffness index (SI) with a digital dental, digital panoramic and conventional dental radiography are 0.170 (p = 0.11), -0382 (p = 0.001) and 0.246 (p = 0.021) respectively. Significant relationship was found between the SI only with digital panoramic and conventional dental. The highest correlation was found between SI values with mandibular Inferior Cortex on digital panoramic (-0.382, Pearson Correlation Tests). Correlation between digital panoramic radiographs and the SI values was the highest of the three radiographic modalities in this study. This indicates that evaluation of cortical bone is more accurate than cancellous bone. Bone quality evaluation in patients at high risk for osteoporosis using panoramic and dental conventional radiograph by dentist, contributes in preventing further occurrence of osteoporosis which in turn could reduce mortality and morbidity of osteoporosis in Indonesia."

"Latar belakang: Studi ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari pengaruh pemberian ekstrak akar Acalypha indica Linn terhadap viabilitas relatif dan proliferasi sel sebagai parameter neurogenesis pada kultur jaringan hipokampus tikus pascahipoksia.Metode: Studi eksperimental in vitro pada 24 kultur primer jaringan sel saraf tikus Sprague Dowley dewasa yang dipajankan terhadap hipoksia dengan gas 5% O2/5% CO2/N2 seimbang selama 24 jam. Pascahipoksia, ekstrak Acalypha indica Linn ditambahkan pada 3 kelompok perlakuan, masing-masing dengan dosis 10, 15, dan 20 mg/mL, sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol tidak ditambahkan apapun. Setiap kelompok terdiri atas 6 sampel. Setelah inkubasi selama 90 jam, viabilitas relatif sel diukur dengan 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), proliferasi sel diukur dengan 5-bromo2â??-deoxy-uridine (BrdU). Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan tes parametrik one way ANOVA yang dilanjutkan dengan analisis post-hoc.Hasil: Viabilitas relatif sel pada kultur jaringan hipokampus tikus pascahipoksia dengan pemberian ekstrak akar kucing pada dosis 10, 15, dan 20 mg/mL lebih tinggi secara bermakna dibandingkan dengan kontrol (176,95%, 220,62%, 386,02% vs. 100%). Proliferasi sel pada kultur jaringan hipokampus tikus pascahipoksia dengan pemberian ekstrak akar kucing pada dosis 10, 15, dan 20 mg/mL lebih tinggi secara bermakna dibandingkan dengan kontrol (0,132; 0,117; 0,114 vs. 0,096).Kesimpulan: Ekstrak Acalypha indica Linn dapat meningkatkan viabilitas relatif dan proliferasi sel pascahipoksia in vitro pada dosis 10, 15, dan 20 mg/mL. (Med J Indones 2011; 20:94-9)

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AbstractBackground: This research was done to study the infl uence of Acalypha indica Linn root extract towards relative cell viability and proliferation as parameters of neurogenesis in post-hypoxic hippocampal tissue culture.Methods Experimental in vitro study using 24 primary neuronal cell cultures obtained from adult Sprague Dawley rat exposed to hypoxia with 5% O2/5% CO2/N2 balance gas for 24 hours. Post-hypoxia, Acalypha indica Linn root extract was added at doses of 10, 15, and 20 mg/mL to 3 treatment groups. No treatment was given to the control group. Each group consists of 6 samples. After 90 hours of incubation, relative cell viability was measured by using 3-(4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) examination, and cell proliferation was measured by using 5-bromo2â??-deoxy-uridine (BrdU) for cell proliferation. Data was analyzed using one way ANOVA parametric tests, then further analyzed with post-hoc analysis.Results: The relative cell viability of rat hippocampal tissue culture treated with Acalypha indica Linn root extract with dose of 10, 15, and 20 mg/mL was signifi cantly higher than control (176.95%, 220.62%, and 386.02% vs. 100%). Cell proliferation of rat hippocampal tissue culture treated with Acalypha indica Linn root extract with dose of 10, 15, and 20 mg/mL was signifi cantly higher than control (0.132, 0.117, 0.114 vs 0.096).Conclusion: Acalypha indica Linn root extract with doses of 10, 15, and 20 mg/mL can increase relative cell viability and proliferation in post-hypoxic hippocampal tissue culture. (Med J Indones 2011; 20:94-9)"

""In 2002, about 71.8% of community at district bogor consumed iodized salt at adequate category. This figure is far beyond target of universal salt iodization (USI), i.e. >90% of households consume high concentrate iodized salt. If salt consumed fulfills requirement it will minimize problem of swollen goitre glands in community. The study used qualitative method. Data were obtained theough indepth interview, focus group discussion, and iodized salt to test. There were 39 informers that consist of mothers either having an occupation or not who lived or did not live with their parents, providers, cadres, family welfare and empowerement, seller of daily living necessities in market or stalls at subsdistrict of leuwiliang. In general there was a difference between informers living with their parents and those living separately, either in those who worked or did not work. Informers living with their parents tended to choose salt in bricket because they like it. Meanwhile informers living away from parents chose iodized salt without influence of their parents. All informers said that message was communicative and clearly delivered. There was no difference in behavioral changes based on age and occupation. There were informers with elementary or junior high school educaiton found it diificult to change their behavior. Whereas informers with senior high school or diploma 3 education soon changed their behavior by consuming iodized salt after watching campaign. Availability of salt and purchasing power of community were relatively good. There was no special socialization about iodized salt conducted by providers.informers living with their parents tended to choose salt in bricket because their parents like it; on the other hand, informers living away form their parents prefered iodized salt withour influence of their parents. Message in short campaign was memorable so that informers still remember it. Behavioral changes of informers in using iodized salt were not affected by age and occupation but by education. Availability of iodized salt and purchasing power of community were relatively good.""

"Keberhasilan program KB mengendalikan tingkat kelahiran di Indonesia selama lebih dari tiga dekade tidak terlepas dari peran petugas Penyuluh Keluarga Berencana (PKB). Di Rwanda, keaktifan penyuluhan oleh PKB dapat meningkatkan prevalensi kesertaan akseptor hingga 29%. Sejak tahun 2004, pascakebijakan desentralisasi di Indonesia, jumlah PKB menurun drastis hingga menyisakan dua pertiga dari jumlah awal sekitar 3.500 petugas. Dampak perubahan tersebut tercermin pada angka fertilitas total (TFR) Indonesia berdasarkan data SDKI 2007 yang bertahan sama dengan data SDKI 2002-2003 (2,6 anak per wanita). Hal tersebut dikhawatirkan dapat semakin meningkat apabila kinerja program KB termasuk kinerja petugas PKB tidak mendapat perhatian. Peningkatan TFR mengancam ledakan penduduk yang dapat menghabiskan sumber daya alam yang terbatas dengan segala konsekuensi negatif. Hal tersebut juga dapat memperberat sasaran BKKBN mencapai pertumbuhan penduduk yang seimbang pada tahun 2015. Direkomendasikan untuk menciptakan iklim kerja yang kondusif dalam lingkungan strategis yang terus berubah sejak kebijakan desentralisasi program KB, antara lain melalui sistem reward dan model pelaporan berbasis teknologi informasi."