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"ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Preparasi saluran akar oval memiliki tantangan tersendiri karenabentuknya yang ireguler sehingga file tidak dapat berkontak dengan seluruhdinding. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan luas dinding saluran akaroval yang tidak terpreparasi dengan gerakan sirkumferensial filing. Metode: Tigapuluh dua gigi premolar mandibula diisi tinta cina kemudian dipreparasi menjadidua kelompok: Mtwo® dan ProTaper Next®. Luas sisa tinta cina dianalisisdengan Adobe Photoshop CS6 dan ImageJ. Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaanbermakna antara kedua kelompok, namun ProTaper Next® meninggalkan arealebih sedikit dibandingkan Mtwo®. Kesimpulan: Mtwo® dan ProTaper Next®tetap meninggalkan area yang tidak terpreparasi pada saluran akar oval.ABSTRACT Background: Mechanical preparation of oval root canal has its own challengedue to the irregular shape leaving some area uninstrumented. This studycompared uninstrumented area of oval root canal with circumferential filingusing two different files. Methods: Thirty-two mandibular premolars were dyedwith china ink and divided into two groups, Mtwo® and ProTaper Next®. Theuninstrumented areas were analized using Adobe Photoshop CS6 and ImageJ.Results: There were no significant difference between two files, thou ProTaperNext® left less uninstrumented areas than Mtwo®. Conclusion: Mtwo® andProTaper Next® left uninstrumented areas in oval root canal.;Background: Mechanical preparation of oval root canal has its own challengedue to the irregular shape leaving some area uninstrumented. This studycompared uninstrumented area of oval root canal with circumferential filingusing two different files. Methods: Thirty-two mandibular premolars were dyedwith china ink and divided into two groups, Mtwo® and ProTaper Next®. Theuninstrumented areas were analized using Adobe Photoshop CS6 and ImageJ.Results: There were no significant difference between two files, thou ProTaperNext® left less uninstrumented areas than Mtwo®. Conclusion: Mtwo® andProTaper Next® left uninstrumented areas in oval root canal.;Background: Mechanical preparation of oval root canal has its own challengedue to the irregular shape leaving some area uninstrumented. This studycompared uninstrumented area of oval root canal with circumferential filingusing two different files. Methods: Thirty-two mandibular premolars were dyedwith china ink and divided into two groups, Mtwo® and ProTaper Next®. Theuninstrumented areas were analized using Adobe Photoshop CS6 and ImageJ.Results: There were no significant difference between two files, thou ProTaperNext® left less uninstrumented areas than Mtwo®. Conclusion: Mtwo® andProTaper Next® left uninstrumented areas in oval root canal.;Background: Mechanical preparation of oval root canal has its own challengedue to the irregular shape leaving some area uninstrumented. This studycompared uninstrumented area of oval root canal with circumferential filingusing two different files. Methods: Thirty-two mandibular premolars were dyedwith china ink and divided into two groups, Mtwo® and ProTaper Next®. Theuninstrumented areas were analized using Adobe Photoshop CS6 and ImageJ.Results: There were no significant difference between two files, thou ProTaperNext® left less uninstrumented areas than Mtwo®. Conclusion: Mtwo® andProTaper Next® left uninstrumented areas in oval root canal."

"Latar Belakang: Salah satu faktor yang menentukan keberhasilan restorasi proksimal resin komposit adalah adaptasi yang rapat tepi restorasi dan dinding gingiva kavitas. Restorasi resin komposit akan mengalami kontraksi saat polimerisasi sehingga terdapat celah antara tepi restorasi dan kavitas. Celah ini dapat menimbulkan kebocoran mikro sehingga menyebabkan bakteri, cairan, molekul, dan ion masuk kedalamnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan tingkat kebocoran mikro dinding gingiva restorasi proksimal resin komposit nanohibrid antara teknik inkremental, bulk-fill yang diaktivasi sonik, dan tanpa aktivasi sonik.Metode: Kavitas kelas II dipreparasi pada tiga puluh gigi premolar rahang atas dan bawah, kemudian dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok. Kelompok pertama ditumpat dengan RK bulk-fill yang diaktivasi sonik, kelompok kedua dengan RK bulk-fill tanpa aktivasi sonik, dan kelompok ketiga dengan RK yang diletakkan secara inkremental. Selanjutnya spesimen direndam dalam air distilasi selama 24 jam dan kemudian dilakukan uji thermocycling, yang diikuti perendaman dalam metilen biru 1% selama 24 jam. Gigi selanjutnya dibelah longitudinal dan dilakukan pengamatan menggunakan mikroskop stereo pembesaran 25x dan dinilai dalam skala ordinal (0-3). Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov.Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna secara statistik di antara tiga kelompok.Kesimpulan: Tidak ada satupun dari kelompok RK bulk-fill yang diaktivasi sonik, bulk-fill tanpa aktivasi sonik dan yang diletakkan secara inkremental yang dapat menghilangkan kebocoran mikro pada dinding gingiva kavitas kelas II.Kata kunci: kebocoran mikro, teknik peletakan resin komposit, kontraksi

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Background One of the factor that determine the success of proximal composite restoration is a good marginal adaptation at the interface area Composite resin will undergo contraction during polimerization which may result gap formation between the wall cavity and restoration. The gap can cause a microleakage and resulting a passage for bacteria fluid molecules and ions The purpose of this study is to analize the microleakage of gingival wall nanohybrid composite restoration that filled using sonic activated bulk bulk without sonic activation and incremental techniques.

Methods Standardized class II cavities were prepared on 30 extracted human upper and lower human teeth and randomly assigned to three groups The first group were filled with sonicactivated bulk fill composite resin the second group were filled with bulk fill composite resin without sonic activation and the third group were filled incrementally. The specimens were stored in distilled water for 24 hours and then subjected to thermocycling followed by immersion in 1 methylene blue dye for 24 hours. The teeth were sectioned longitudinally and evaluated for microleakage under 25x magnification stereomicroscope and scored in ordinal scale 0 3 Statistical analysis was performed with the Kolmogorov Smirnov test.

Results There was no statistically significant difference among the three groups Conclusion None of the the techniques was capable of eliminating the microleakage on gingival wall cavity preparations."

"Latar Belakang: Enterococcus faecalis merupakan penyebab infeksi persisten pasca perawatan saluran akar. Terdapat bahan disinfeksi baru yang efektif terhadap biofilm E.faecalis. Tujuan: Menganalisis daya antibakteri fotodinamik dengan biru toluidin terhadap biofilm Enterococcus faecalis. Metode: Fotodinamik dengan biru toluidin, NaOCl 2,5%, CHX dan kontrol dipaparkan pada biofilm E.faecalis. Jumlah E.faecalis yang hidup dilihat dengan menggunakan Real-time PCR. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna diantara bahan uji dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara biru toluidin dengan sinar dan NaOCl 2,5%. Kesimpulan: Fotodinamik dengan biru toluidin mempunyai daya antibakteri terhadap E.faecalis.

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Background: E.faecalis is known as a persistent bacteria in root canal after endodontic treatment. A new antibacterial agent was introduced to be effective againts E.faecalis biofilm.

Aim: To analyze antibacterial efficacy of photodynamic using toluidine blue againts E. faecalis biofilm.

Methods: Photodynamic using toluidine blue, naocl 2.5%, chx and control groups were exposed to e faecalis biofilm. The number of viable E. faecalis was determined by using real-time PCR.

Result: There were significant differences statistically between all antibacterial groups tested and control groups. But there was no significant differences statistically between photodynamic group and NaOCl 2,5%, CHX 2% group.

Conclusion: Photodynamic using toluidine blue was effective againts E. faecalis biofilm."

"Instrumentasi saluran akar masih meninggalkan area tidak terpreparasi. Insrumen osilasi diklaim dapat membersihkan dinding saluran akar secara optimal.Tujuan: Membandingkan luas dinding sepertiga apeks saluran akar yang tidak terpreparasi antara instrumen osilasi Reciproc® dan WaveOne®.Metode: Tiga puluh dua saluran akar premolar mandibula diisi tinta cina kemudian dibagi menjadi dua kelompok berjumlah sama (n=16): Reciproc® dan WaveOne®. Luas dinding yang tertutup tinta cina dianalisis dengan Adobe Photoshop CS5.Hasil: Kelompok II mempreparasi lebih banyak dinding tetapi tidak berbeda bermakna dengan kelompok I (p=0,265).Kesimpulan: Reciproc® dan WaveOne® tetap meninggalkan area tidak terpreparasi di sepertiga apeks saluran akar.

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Thirty five percents area of root canal wall was left uninstrumented after instrumentation. Oscillation instrument was claimed able to clean whole area of root canal walls.Objective: to compare uninstrumented area of root canal at the apical third after instrumented by oscillation instrument.Methods: Thirty two human mandibular premolar root canals were dyed with china ink and were divided equally into Reciproc® and WaveOne® group. The area was analyzed using Adobe Photoshop CS5.Results: WaveOne® showed a better result than Reciproc®, but not statistically significant (p=0,265).Conclusion: The Reciproc® and WaveOne® showed no difference in cleaning the root canal."

"Latar Belakang: Selama preparasi kemomekanis, umumnya terjadi ekstrusi debri ke periapeks yang dapat memicu respon inflamasi dan memperlambat penyembuhan jaringan periapeks. ProTaper® dilaporkan menyebabkan banyak esktrusi debri, dan belum ada data mengenai ekstrusi debri oleh generasi barunya, ProTaper Next® Tujuan: Menganalisis jumlah ekstrusi debri pada gigi yang dipreparasi dengan ProTaper® dan ProTaper Next®. Metode: Enam puluh gigi premolar dibagi dalam dua kelompok (kelompok ProTaper® dan ProTaper Next®) sama besar. Ekstrusi debri pada preparasi ditampung dalam tabung, dan perbedaan berat tabung sebelum preparasi dan sesudah preparasi merupakan jumlah debri terekstrusi Hasil: kelompok ProTaper® menghasilkan debri lebih banyak daripada kelompok ProTaper Next®. Secara statistik (t-test) perbedaanya bermakna (p<0,005). Kesimpulan: jumlah debri pada preparasi dengan ProTaper Next® lebih sedikit daripada pada preparasi dengan ProTaper.

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Background: debris extrusion during chemomechanical preparation could trigger inflammatory response and delay periapical healing. Instrumentation with ProTaper® is reported to cause significant debris extrusion, while no data available with ProTaper Next®.

Objective: to analyze the amount of debris extruded in instrumentation with ProTaper® and ProTaper Next®.

Methods: sixty premolars were divided evenly into two groups; the first group was instrumented with ProTaper® and the other one with ProTaper Next®. Debris ekstruded during instrumentation was collected in a bottle and the difference between the weight of the bottle before and after intrumentation was considered as the amount of debris extrusion.

Results: debris extrusion by instrumentation with ProTaper® was greater than instrumentation with ProTaper Next®, and statistically significant (t-test, p<0,005).

Conclusion: the amount of debris extrusion produced by ProTaper Next® was less than produced by ProTaper®"

"Latar Belakang : Enterococcus faecalis merupakan bakteri yang mampu membentuk biofilm dan banyak ditemukan pada kasus kegagalan perawatan saluran akar. Tujuan : Melihat daya antibakteri kitosan dan klorheksidin terhadap E. faecalis dalam biofilm. Metode : Deteksi dan kuantifikasi E. faecalis dalam biofilm yang hidup pasca pemaparan bahan uji, dengan real time PCR. Hasil : Terdapat perbedaan jumlah bakteri yang signifikan antara kedua kelompok bahan uji terhadap kontrol (p ≤ 0,05), tetapi tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok kitosan dan klorheksidin. Kesimpulan : Daya antibakteri kitosan 2% terhadap biofilm E. faecalis sebanding dengan klorheksidin 2%.

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Background : Enterococcus faecalis has an ability to form biofilms and become a predominant bacteria that plays a major role in the etiology of persistent lesions after root canal treatment.

Aim : To analyze the efficacy of chitosan and chlorhexidine against E. faecalis in biofilms.

Methods : Detection and quantification of E. faecalis DNA that survive and live after immersing the biofilm in antibacterial solution, with real time PCR.

Result : Statistically there is significant difference of living E. faecalis between chitosan and control and between 2% chlorhexidine and control (p ≤0,05). But there is no significant different between chitosan and chlorhexidine (p>0,05).

Conclusion : Antibacterial effectivity of chitosan is equal to chlorhexidine against E. faecalis in biofilm."

"Latar Belakang: Penggunaan larutan irigasi dapat berkontribusi terhadap keberhasilan perawatan saluran akar, EBA mulai dikembangkan sebagai larutan irigasi Tujuan: menganalisis tingkat kebocoran pengisian saluran akar pada sepertiga apeks dengan siler berbasis resin. Metode: 66 gigi premolar bawah manusia, dibagi secara acak kedalam 3 kelompok: EBA 2,9%, NaOCl 2,625%, aquades. Dilakukan pengisian, diinkubasi sebelum dilapisi cat kuku, serta direndam kedalam tinta india. Dekalsifikasi dan transparansi dengan metode Robertson. Penetrasi tinta diukur dengan skala Panthamvonich. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna tingkat kebocoran EBA 2,9% dibandingkan antar kelompok. Kesimpulan: Larutan EBA 2,9% mampu menurunkan tingkat kebocoran sepertiga apeks pengisian saluran akar

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Background: Irrigation can contribute to the succes of root canal treatment, Grape seed extract developed as irrigation solution. Purpose: analyze apical third leakage of root canal filling. Methods: 66 mandibular human premolars, randomly divided into 3 groups, EBA 2.9%, NaOCl 2.625%, aquadest. Each group obturated using guttap and siler-based resin (37 0C for 24 hours). coated all of samples with nail polish, immersed into indian ink. Decalcified and transparency with Robertson’s method. Evaluated and measured with Panthamvonich’s scale. Results: There are significant differences grape seed extract leakage rate compared between groups. Conclusion: Grape seed extract solution 2.9% is able to reduce of apical third leakage of root canal filling"

"Latar Belakang : Penyebab kegagalan perawatan saluran akar adalah kebocoran apeks yang ditentukan oleh teknik pengisian saluran akar. Tujuan : Untuk menganalisis kebocoran sepertiga apeks pada pengisian saluran akar menggunakan GuttaCore™. Metode : Dua puluh delapan gigi premolar bawah yang telah dilakukan pengisian saluran akar, diinkubasi (37°C, 24 jam), kemudian direndam dalam tinta india selama 7X24 jam. Sampel didekalsifikasi sampai transparan. Kedalaman penetrasi tinta dievaluasi dengan mikroskop stereo. Hasil : Seluruh pengisian dengan GuttaCore™ terlihat adanya penetrasi tinta sedalam 0-0.5 mm. Kesimpulan : Hasil pengisian saluran akar dengan teknik GuttaCore™ dapat menurunkan tingkat kebocoran di sepertiga apeks.

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Background : The cause of endodontic treatment failure is apical leakage determined by root obturation technique. Aim:To analyze leakage in apical third with GuttaCore™ obturation. Method : Twenty eight lower premolars were obturated and incubated (37*C, 24 hours) then immersed in indian ink for 7x24 hours. Samples were decalcified until transparent. Depth of ink penetration was evaluated using stereo microscope. Result: All obturation using GuttaCore™ technique resulted in 0-0.5 mm ink penetration Conclusion : Root obturation with GuttaCore technique is able to decrease leakage in apical third"

"Latar belakang: Tujuan dari perawatan pulpa gigi adalah terjadinya regenerasi. Sel punca mampu menghasilkan sekretom yang mengandung growth factor bila dibiakkan pada suatu medium. Hal ini membawa perubahan pada terapi berbasis sel menjadi terapi dengan menggunakan sekretom dari sel punca. Tujuan: Menganalisis potensi CMWJ terhadap proliferasi sel fibroblas dalam berbagai konsentrasi. Metode: Sel fibroblas setelah starvasi dibiakkan dalam CMWJ konsentrasi 12,5; 25 dan 50 . Setelah 2 hari sel fibroblas dihitung menggunakan alat hitung sel otomatis. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna p le;0,05 jumlah sel pada kelompok 12,5 dan 50. Kesimpulan: konsentrasi 12,5 CMWJ memiliki potensi terbesar terhadap proliferasi sel fibroblas.

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Background: The goal of dental pulp treatment is regeneration instead of repair. Stem cells from Wharton's Jelly umbilical cord can secrete growth factors in cultured medium. These secretome may open future therapeutic options for cell free based therapies.

Objectives: This study was performed to evaluate potency of CMWJ in improving serum starved fibroblast.

Methods: A quasi experimental design was done in serum starved fibroblasts. After cultured in 12.5 25 and 50 concentration of CMWJ for 48 hours, the proliferation was measured by using automatic cell count machine.

Result: Cultivation of serum starved fibroblasts showed elevation of proliferation in 12,5 concentration of WJMSCs CM compared with 50 concentration, in significant result were shown p le 0,05."