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"ABSTRAKThe use of natural products as medicines has been known since long time ago. Until nowadays plants are still being the primary source for the treatment of a wide variety of diseases by the great civilizations in the world. Indonesia has a high species richness of Garcinia (Garcinia spp.)and it is as an important basic materials for breeding of bioactive chemical compounds for medicines. One of species from Garcinia genus which grows in Papua (Indonesia) is Garcinia maluensis Lauterb that belong to Guttiferae (Clusiaceae) family.This research was intended to isolate and determine the structure of chemical compounds from the stem bark of G. Maluensis Lauterb, as well as to conduct bioactivity test comprising a preliminary test to brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) and antioxidant test by using DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil) method from the isolated compunds. The isolation was conducted by technique of chromatographyc combinations and structure of isolated compounds were established by spectroscopy data:mass spectrometry (MS), IR, UV, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and 2-D NMR, included HMQC and HMBC.The research founded mixture two compounds of polyisoprenylbenzophenones (GML-1, GML-2 and GML-4). One of compound which has molecular formula C38H50O6 was predicted as camboginol and the other compound which molecular formula C38H48O6 was predicted as (Z)-3-(3,4-dihidroxibenzoil) hidroxi-1-(3-methilbut-2aenyl)-5-((E)-2-(3-methilbut-2-enyl)hept-3-enyl)-7-(3-methilbutenylidene) bisiclo [3,3,1]non-3-ene2,9 dione (GML-2 dan GML-4 = cayubenzofenon). GML-3 compound has molecular formula C38H50O6 was predicted as epicambogin and GML-5 which molecular formula C29H48O was predicted as stigmasterol_The result of the preliminary brine shrimp lethality test showed that compounds GML-1, GML-2, GML-3 and GML-4 were toxic with each LC50 was 2,72; 1,64; 7,34 dan 1,68 ug/mL. The result of antioxidant test to DPPH on the GML-1, GML-2, GML-3 and GML-4 showed antioxidant DPPH radical scavenging with lC50 13,92; 12,59; 23,27 dan 13,95 ug/mL.GML-5 did not show toxicity and antioxidant activity significantly.Toxicity and ability to inhibite free radical reaction of DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil) of GML-1, GML-2, GML-3 and GML-4 were predicted because of hidroxy groups existention on that compounds which give the polarity and have function as radical scavenging and so that inhibited the free radical reaction goes on.For getting pure compound from mixture of GML-1, GML-2 and GML-4 need the next tecknical purification. The further isolation of the others fraction was needed for founding the others compound which havemore interesting bioactivities. Also need to do the anticancer andantibacterial test or others bioactivites test from there compounds."

"Praktek Kerja Profesi Apoteker di Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia bertujuan untuk memahami tugas dan fungsi dari Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia dan juga Direktorat Bina Obat Publik Dan Perbekalan Kesehatan yang termasuk kedalam Direktorat Jenderal Bina Kefarmasian Dan Alat Kesehatan. Tugas Khusus yang dibuat berjudul “Capaian Standar Sarana Penyimpanan Obat Publik Dan Perbekalan Kesehatan Di Instalasi Farmasi Kabupaten/Kota”, dimana tugas ini bertujuan untuk memahami standar penyimpanan obat publik dan perbekalan kesehatan oleh Direktorat Bina Obat Publik dan Perbekalan Kesehatan di Kabupaten/Kota."

"Cacao bean Processing into its products may affect catechin and epicatechin contents in the final products. Temperature treatments during cacao processing can induce epimerization reaction of (-)-epicatechin to be (-)-catechin. The aims of this study were : (1) to obtain the valid analytical method which can be used to analyze catechin and epicatechin in cacao bean and cacao products by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, and (2) to know the influence of temperature during Processing of cacao beans, especially concentration of catechin and epicatechin.Experiment was conducted in three steps, i.e.: optimization of analytical method, validation of selected method, and studying the influence of temperature to catechin and epicatechin concentration during cacao bean processing. Optimization of analytical method was carried out by varying solvents (acetonitrile and methanol) composition using gradient elution. Mobile phase flow rate was set at 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 ml/min. Catechin and epicatechin in cacao samples was detected by mass spectrometry. Condition of mass spectrometer was run by varying ESI voltage, nebulizer pressure, desolvation temperature, and desolvation gas. Validations test included some parameters such as specificity/ selectivity, linearity of calibration curve, limit of detection and limit of quantitation, precision and recovery test. Samples taken during the process were cacao nib, cacao mass, cacao powder and cacao butter.The results of this study showed that analytical conditions for catechin and epicatechin were using mobile phase A (0.1 % formic acid in deionized water) and mobile phase B (acetonitril-methanol - 50:50) at flow rate of 0.5 ml/min. Gradient elution were set at 0 minutes (10% B), 15 minutes (35% B), 20 minutes (40% B), 30 minutes (50% B), 35 minutes (60% B), and 35.1 minute (10% B). Mass spectrometer was set at ESI voltage (-) 3500 volt, desolvation temperature 300 °C, nebulizer pressure 50 psi, desolvation gas 10 L/min, and fragmentor voltage (-) 160 volt. Limit of detection and limit of quantitation of catechin were 0.28 and 0.93 ppm, respectively, while epicatechin were 7.15 and 23.84 ppm, respectively. Based on concentrations of catechin and epicatechin, heat treatment during cacao mass Processing showed a decrease tendency of catechin and epicatechin ratios."

"Bisnis suplemen makanan melanda hampir seluruh dunia, termasuk Indonesia. Konsumsi suplemen makanan biasanya dimaksudkan sebagai pelengkap kekurangan zat gizi yang dibutuhkan untuk menjaga agar vitalitas tubuh tetap prima. Oleh karena mengingat suplemen makanan merupakan produk makanan yang dijual bebas, maka perlu diperhatikan keamanannya dari zat-zat yang berbahaya dan merugikan tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kandungan fenobarbital dan diazepam dalam suplemen makanan menggunakan kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi. Analisis menggunakan kolom fase terbalik C18 merk Kromasil ? dengan dimensi kolom 25 cm x 4,6 mm, fase gerak metanol-air (70:30, v/v) serta kecepatan alir 0,5 mL/menit. Metode ini telah memenuhi syarat uji presisi dan perolehan kembali. Dari enam sampel yang diperiksa, semua sampel tidak mengandung fenobarbital dan diazepam dengan batas deteksi 0,3738 µg/mL untuk fenobarbital dan 0,3839 µg/mL untuk diazepam.Kata kunci : diazepam, suplemen makanan, kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi, fenobarbital

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Dietary supplements business attack almost all part of the world, include Indonesia. The consumption of dietary supplement usually use as complement of nutrient lack, that needed for keeping the body vitality in the good condition. Because of the dietary supplement is a food products which sell freely, so it must be controlled or keep away from dangerous substances and potential hazard to body. The purpose of this research was to analyze the phenobarbital and diazepam in dietary supplement by high performance liquid chromatography. The separation system consisted of a C18 reversed-phase column Kromasil ? with dimension column 25 cm x 4,6 mm, with methanolwater (70:30, v/v) as mobile phase and flow rate 0,5 mL/menit. This method has passed the precision and recovery evaluation. After determines six samples, all samples were not contain phenobarbital and diazepam with limit of detection 0,3738 µg/mL for phenobarbital and 0,3839 µg/mL for diazepam.

Key word : diazepam, dietary supplement, high performance liquid chromatography, phenobarbital."

"Levofloksasin adalah antibakteri sintetik golongan fluorokuinolon yang memiliki efek antibakterial dengan spektrum luas. Levofloksasin merupakan obat yang diindikasikan untuk kondisi serius yang memerlukan respon pasti dan merupakan salah satu obat yang masuk dalam kategori obat wajib uji Bioekivalensi (BE), sehingga perlu dilakukan pemantauan kadarnya di dalam darah. Metode kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi (KCKT) dengan detektor fluoresensi telah dikembangkan untuk analisis levofloksasin dalam plasma manusia in vitro.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memperoleh kondisi optimum untuk analisis levofloksasin dalam plasma in vitro dan melakukan validasi metode analisis tersebut. Kromatografi dilaksanakan menggunakan teknik isokratik pada kolom fase-terbalik Kromasil® C18 (5 µm, Akzo Nobel), dengan fase gerak asetonitril-air-asam fosfat 85%-trietilamin (12:88:0,6:0,3) dengan kecepatan alir 1,25 mL/menit, dan dideteksi pada panjang gelombang eksitasi 294 nm dan panjang gelombang emisi 500 nm. Teknik penyiapan sampel dilakukan dengan cara pengendapan protein menggunakan metanol. Siprofloksasin digunakan sebagai baku dalam. Metode ini valid dengan nilai koefisien korelasi r = 0,9995 dan batas terendah kuantitasi (LLOQ) 253,8 ng/mL, hasil akurasi dengan % diff -9,64 sampai 13,38 %; presisi kurang dari 4% dan nilai perolehan kembali antara 90,36 sampai 113,38 %. Levofloksasin dalam plasma stabil selama 14 hari pada penyimpanan dengan suhu -20°C.Kata kunci: Validasi, KCKT, levofloksasin, siprofloksasin, plasma in vitro.

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Levofoxacin is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that has a broad spectrum antibacterial effects. Levofloxacin indicated for critical use that needs certain respons and it is one of the drug that have to be evaluated with bioequivalency test, thereby monitoring the blood drug level is necessary. A method using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detector has been developed for analysis of levofloxacin in human plasma in vitro.

The objective of this research is to find out the optimum condition of levofloxacin in human plasma in vitro analysis using HPLC, and then the method was validated. The chromatography was carried out by isocratic technique on a reversed-phase Kromasil® C18 column (5 µm, Akzo Nobel) with mobile phase consisted of acetonitril-water-phosphoric acid 85%-triethylamine (12:88:0,6:0,3) at flow rate of 1.25 mL/minute, and detection was performed at excitation wavelength of 294 nm and emission wavelength of 500 nm. The sample preparation technique was protein precipitation with methanol. Ciprofloxacin was used as the internal standard. The method was valid with correlation coefficient of 0.9995 and the lower limit of quantitation was 253.8 ng/mL, accuracy with % diff -9.64 to 13.38%; precisions less than 4% and recovery percentage was 90.36 to 113.38%. Levofloxacin in plasma was stable for 14 days in -20°C.

Keyword: Validation, HPLC, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, plasma in vitro."

"Indonesia merupakan negara urutan ke-5 dengan jumlah penderita Diabetes Mellitus (DM) setelah China, India, USA, dan Brazil. Penderita DM terus meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya tingkat kemakmuran dan gaya hidup manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk standardisasi, uji toksisitas akut dan aktivitas antidiabetes ekstrak etanol Garcinia daedalanthera Pierre. Standardisasi meliputi pemeriksaan mikroskopik dan makroskopik, parameter fitokimia, penapisan fitokimia, anal isis cemaran mikroba dan logam berat, uji toksisitas akut meliputi pengujian dengan BSLT dan pengujian terhadap mencit DDY berusia 8 minggu dengan dosis 5, 50, 500, 5000, 10000 dan 20000 mg/kgBB, dan uji aktivitas anti diabetes terhadap tikus wistar jantan dengan dosis 1, 10 dan 100mg/kgBB. Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak Garcinia daedalanthera mengandung flavonoid, saponin, tanin, steroid dan senyawa fenol. Kadar air sebesar 2,35%, kadar abu 2,51 %, kadar abu tidak larut asam 0,05%, kandungan total fenol sebesar 83,33 g GAEIlOOg dan kandungan total flavonoid sebesar 2g QEIlOOg. LCso ekstrak Garcinia daedalanthera sebesar 435,75 ~g/mL dan LDso diatas 20000 mg/kgBB. Ekstrak Garcinia daedalanthera memiliki aktivitas antidiabetes dengan menurunkan kadar glukosa puasa dan postprandial secara bermakna. Penelitian kami mengindikasikan bahwa ekstrak Garcinia daedalantera mempunyai efek antidiabetes."

"Human Granulocyt Colony-Stimulating Factor (HG-CSF) is a protein hormone that is categorized as human cytokine and has a very important therapeutic applications. as an important regulator in the formation of white blood cells (neutrophils) or granulopoiesis and some mature neutrophil granulocyte cell functions. Granulocyt Colony Stimulating Factor (GCSF) is a single polypeptide chain containing 174 amino acid residues, with molecular weight around 18,800 Da and isoelectric point (pI) 6.1, encoded by a single gene CSF3. Recombinant protein G-CSF is hydrophobic, easily aggregated and generally formed inclusion bodies precipitate.The aim of this study is to obtain G-CSF proteins from E. coli BL21(DE3)pLysS containing pET 21b-CSF3syn plasmid. This studies started from inoculum preparation and cell culture, and solution extraction and then isolating the target protein by affinity chromatography using metal chelating matrix nickel (Ni-NTA). Isolation was also done for the soluble part is to using affinity chromatography with cobalt metal chelating matrix (Talon).The results obtained from affinity chromatography were then analyzed to identify target proteins by SDS-PAGE and Western blot for protein G-CSF in E. coli BL21(DE3)pLysS. The results showed 18.8 kDa protein identified by the marker.

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Human Granulocyt Colony-Stimulating Factor (hG-CSF) adalah protein hormon manusia yang tergolong sebagai sitokin dan memiliki aplikasi terapeutik sangat penting. Protein tersebut merupakan regulator penting dalam pembentukan sel darah putih (neutrofil) atau granulopoiesis dan beberapa fungsi sel granulosit neutrofil matang. Granulocyt Colony Stimulating Factor (GCSF) merupakan sebuah rantai polipeptida tunggal yang mengandung 174 residu asam amino, dengan berat molekul sekitar 18.800 Da dengan titik isoelektrik (pI) 6,1, disandi oleh satu gen tunggal CSF3. Protein G-CSF rekombinan merupakan protein yang bersifat sangat hidrofobik, mudah teragregasi dan umumnya membentuk endapan sebagai badan inklusi.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan protein G-CSF dari E. coli BL21(DE3)pLysS yang mengandung plasmid pET 21b-CSF3syn. Penelitian ini dimulai dari persiapan inokulum, kultur sel, ekstraksi pelarut dan kemudian mengisolasi protein target dengan kromatografi afinitas menggunakan matriks pengkhelat logam nikel (Ni-NTA). Isolasi juga dilakukan untuk bagian terlarut dengan menggunakan kromatografi afinitas menggunakan matriks pengkhelat logam kobalt (Talon).Hasil yang diperoleh dari kromatografi afinitas dan kemudian dianalisa untuk mengidentifikasi protein target G-CSF dengan SDS-PAGE dan Western blot dalam sel E. coli BL21(DE3)pLysS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 18,8 kDa telah diidentifikasi dengan penanda."

"Sukun merupakan tumbuhan yang banyak digunakan secara empiris untuk berbagai macam penyakit, diantaranya diabetes. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek penurunan kadar glukosa darah dari infus daun sukun pada tikus putih jantan yang dibebani glukosa. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 25 ekor tikus putih jantan galur Sprague-Dawley yang terbagi dalam lima kelompok. Sediaan uji diberikan per oral dengan variasi dosis setara dengan daun kering, yaitu 13,5 g; 27 g; dan 54 g/kg BB tikus. Sediaan uji disuspensikan dalam CMC 0,5%, sehingga untuk kontrol normal digunakan CMC 0,5% dan kontrol pembanding (Metformin HCl 270 mg/200 g BB tikus) disuspensikan dalam CMC 0,5%. Tikus dipuasakan ±18 jam, kemudian diukur kadar glukosa darah puasa, lalu diberikan larutan uji. Satu jam setelah perlakuan, kadar glukosa diukur kembali, kemudian diberikan glukosa 2 g/kg BB peroral. Pengukuran dilakukan pada menit ke-30, 60, 90, 120 setelah pemberian glukosa. Kadar glukosa darah diukur menggunakan glukometer Accu-Chek Active®. Pemberian infus daun sukun dengan dosis 27 dan 54 g/kg BB tikus dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah yang bermakna secara statistik pada setengah dan satu jam setelah pemberian glukosa, sedangkan dosis 13,5 g/kg BB tikus hanya dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah yang bermakna pada setengah jam setelah pemberian glukosa."