Latar Belakang: Radioterapi merupakan tatalaksana utama kanker serviks, baik dalam bentuk Concurrent Cisplatin-based Chemoradiation Therapy (CCRT) maupun Radiation Therapy (RT). Radioterapi dapat menyebabkan toksisitas terutama pada sistem gastrointestinal dan genitourinarius. Namun, belum ada data mengenai insidensi, derajat, durasi, dan keluhan tersering toksisitas, serta faktor risiko yang mendasarinya di Indonesia.
Tujuan: Mengevaluasi insidensi, derajat, keluhan terkait, dan durasi toksisitas radioterapi pada sistem gastrointestinal dan genitourinarius, serta faktor risiko yang mendasarinya.
Metode: Studi kohort retrospektif ini dilakukan pada subjek kanker serviks stadium lanjut (stadium FIGO ≥IIB) yang menjalani radioterapi, baik CCRT maupun RT, selama tahun 2018. Data dikumpulkan secara randomisasi rekam medis Departemen Radioterapi selama berlangsungnya radioterapi. Uji prevalensi dilakukan untuk mendapatkan angka insidensi, derajat, durasi, dan keluhan tersering toksisitas. Uji Chi-Square dilakukan untuk mendapatkan hubungan faktor risiko dengan terjadinya toksisitas, serta perbedaan toksisitas antara penerima perlakuan CCRT dan RT.
Hasil: Dari 106 subjek, didapatkan 58% insidensi toksisitas, dengan sebaran 42% toksisitas gastrointestinal, 5% toksisitas genitourinarius, dan 12% keduanya. Dari 54% toksisitas gastrointestinal, terdapat 45% toksisitas derajat 1 dan 9% toksisitas derajat 2, dengan keluhan 34% mual-muntah, 34% diare, 11% diare berdarah, serta 2% diskezia. Seluruh toksisitas genitourinarius merupakan derajat 1, dengan keluhan 86% disuria dan 14% hematuria. Toksisitas mulai timbul pada hari ke-17 (95% IK; 5-84 hari) dan dirasakan selama 15 hari untuk toksisitas gastrointestinal (95% IK; 5-65 hari) dan selama 13 hari untuk toksisitas genitourinarius (95% IK; 2-65 hari). Toksisitas radioterapi lebih tinggi pada subjek dengan IMT ³18 kg/m2 (p 0,378), pendidikan SMP ke bawah (p 0,065), pekerjaan usaha kecil/ibu rumah tangga (p 0,366), dan paparan rokok (p 0,027). Toksisitas muncul terutama pada CCRT dibandingkan dengan RT (75% vs 56%, p 0,265) dengan adanya korelasi kuat antara terjadinya kedua toksisitas (Sperman’s Rho 1,0 vs 0,264; p 0,006).
Kesimpulan: Insidensi toksisitas radioterapi pada sistem gastrointestinal dan genitourinarius adalah 56% yang bersifat sementara dan tidak berat. Besar IMT, status ekonomi rendah, dan paparan rokok meningkatkan terjadinya toksisitas. Tindakan CCRT memiliki toksisitas lebih tinggi dibandingkan RT.
Key Words: CCRT, RT, toksisitas gastrointestinal, toksisitas genitourinarius, faktor risiko toksisitas, kanker serviks
Background: Regardless the toxicity effect of radiotherapy (CCRT/RT) mainly to gastrointestinal and genitourinary system, there is no data of the toxicity in Indonesia.
Objective: Evaluate the incidence, degree, duration, and most frequent complaints, as well as the contributing risk factors.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted on FIGO stage ≥IIB) cervical cancer, who underwent radiotherapy in 2018. Data were randomly collected from the Radiotherapy Department's medical records.
Results: From 106 subjects, there was 58% toxicity. Of the 54% gastrointestinal toxicity, there are 45% grade 1 and 9% grade 2, with 34% complaint of nausea and vomiting, 34% diarrhea, 11% hematochezia, and 2% dyschezia. All of genitourinary toxicity was grade 1, with 86% complaint of dysuria and 14% hematuria. Toxicity occured on the 17th day (95% CI; 5-84 days) and disappeared in 15 days for gastrointestinal toxicity (95% IK; 5-65 days) and 13 days for genitourinary toxicity (95% IK; 2- 65 days). Toxicity was more exist in subjects with BMI ³18 kg/m2 (p 0.378), low education (p 0.065), entrepreneur/housewife (p 0.366), and cigarette exposure (p 0.027). Toxicity appeared mainly in CCRT compared to RT (75% vs 56%, p 0.265) with a strong correlation between the occurrence of the two toxicities (Sperman’s Rho 1.0 vs 0.264; p 0.006).
Conclusion: The incidence of radiotherapy toxicity in the gastrointestinal and genitourinary systems was 56%, which was temporary and light. Large BMI, low economic status, and cigarette exposure increased the incidence of toxicity. Toxicity of CCRT treatment would be greater that RT alone.
Key Words: CCRT, RT, gastrointestinal toxicity, genitourinary toxicity, risk factors for toxicity, cervical cancer
"Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional research that uses secondary data with the aim to determine the relationship of factors that affecting ovarian response at Yasmin Clinic, Dr. Hospital. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta in 5 years (2013 to 2017). Two definitions of poor response were used (after a COS procedure) in this study; based on the number of oocytes (Bologna criteria) and Poseidon criteria. Results: From 2013-2017 there were 749 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Based on the number of oocytes produced there were 188 patients (25%) poor responder and 561 patients (75%) normo responder. Age, endometriosis, and history of ovarian surgery were significantly associated with a poor response group (p <0.001), although in the multivariate analysis only age that significantly predicted poor response (p = 0.004). Based on Poseidon criteria, there were 262 subjects (35%) included in the non Poseidon group (normo responder). There were 7 people (0.9%) according to the Poseidon 1a group, 64 people (8.5%) included in the Poseidon 1b group, 30 people (4%) in the Poseidon 2a group, 113 people (15.1%) according with the Poseidon 2b group, 73 people (9.7%) according to the Poseidon 3 group, and the remaining 200 people (26.7%) in accordance with the Poseidon group 4. Each factor has its own influence on the Poseidon group. Endometriosis is a significant determinant for the Poseidon group 1 and 4. The surgical history is a significant determinant for the Poseidon group 2 and 3, while an increase in BMI actually decreases the risk of a woman entering the Poseidon group 3. Endometriosis and surgical history cannot be said to have a direct relationship with the group Poseidon 1 and 2 because of individual variations underlying the division of the Poseidon group.
Conclusions: on the findings above, these factors become important in predicting a woman's ovarian response after SOT on IVF, due to their significance effect. This becomes important as a consideration for counseling and deciding better management."