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[ABSTRAK
Latar belakang. Rekomendasi Global Alliance dalam penanganan AVS meliput antibiotik, asam retinoat, dengan atau tanpa BPO. Resistensi obat menjadi perhatian utama pada penggunaan antibiotik jangka panjang dalam terapi akne vulgaris sedang. Kombinasi antibiotik dan BPO direkomendasikan untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut. Pada tipe kulit IV-V hiperpigmentasi pasca akne merupakan masalah yang sering dikeluhkan. Tujuan. Membandingkan efektivitas, efek samping dan kejadian hiperpigmentasi pasca inflamasi penggunaan BPO sebagai paduan terapi lini pertama AVS pada tipe kulit IV-V Fitzpatrick. Metode. Penelitian analitik dengan desaain uji klinis acak tersamar ganda membandingkan dua sisi wajah. Subyek diberikan paduan terapi lini pertama. Sisi wajah perlakuan diberikan gel BPO 2,5% sedangkan kelompok kontrol gel plasebo. Hasil. Pada minggu ke-2,4,6,8 didapatkan penurunan persentase total lesi sebesar 51,47%, 71%, 75%, 82,84% pada kelompok BPO dan 30%, 53,75%, 62,28, 71% pada kelompok plasebo (p<0,001 .) Efek samping dan kejadian HPI pada minggu ke 2,4,6 dan 8 tidak berbeda bermakna. Kesimpulan. Penggunaan BPO sebagai bagian dari paduan terapi lini pertama AVS lebih efektif, tidak meningkatkan efek samping ataupun kejadian HPI. Kata kunci. akne vulgaris, gel BPO 2,5%,

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ABSTRACT
Background. Global alliance recommendation for moderate acne treatment are antibiotic, retinoic acid with or without benzoyl peroxide. Drug resistance become the most common problem due to longterm use of antibiotic in acne treatment. Combination of antibiotic and BPO is recommeded to overcome this problem. In patient with skin type IV-V post acne hyperpigmentation is one of the most significant complaint. Aim. To compare efectivity, side effect and post inflammatory hyperpigmentation of BPO 2,5% gel as a part of first line therapy regiment in patient with skin type IV-V. Method. This is an analytic study with randomized control trial design comparing both half-face (split-face). Subjects were given first line therapy regiment. Half-face was given BPO 2,5% gel twice daily while other half face with placebo. Result. Total lesions reduction in BPO group on week 2,4,6,8 were 51,47%, 71%, 75%, 82,84% respectively and 30%, 53,75%, 62,28, 71% in placebo group respectively. Conclusion. BPO as a part of first line therapy regiment for moderate acne is more effective, with no increase of side effect nor post inflammatory hyperpigmentation compared to placebo. , Background. Global alliance recommendation for moderate acne treatment are antibiotic, retinoic acid with or without benzoyl peroxide. Drug resistance become the most common problem due to longterm use of antibiotic in acne treatment. Combination of antibiotic and BPO is recommeded to overcome this problem. In patient with skin type IV-V post acne hyperpigmentation is one of the most significant complaint. Aim. To compare efectivity, side effect and post inflammatory hyperpigmentation of BPO 2,5% gel as a part of first line therapy regiment in patient with skin type IV-V. Method. This is an analytic study with randomized control trial design comparing both half-face (split-face). Subjects were given first line therapy regiment. Half-face was given BPO 2,5% gel twice daily while other half face with placebo. Result. Total lesions reduction in BPO group on week 2,4,6,8 were 51,47%, 71%, 75%, 82,84% respectively and 30%, 53,75%, 62,28, 71% in placebo group respectively. Conclusion. BPO as a part of first line therapy regiment for moderate acne is more effective, with no increase of side effect nor post inflammatory hyperpigmentation compared to placebo. ]

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penggunaan metode difusi cakram standar CLSI dan CDS dalam menentukan pola kepekaan Neisseria gonorrhoeae terhadap antibiotik. Pada metode difusi cakram standar CLSI dapat terjadi double zone inhibition yang dapat mempersulit dalam interpretasi zona hambat yang sesungguhnya. Dengan metode difusi cakram standar CDS diharapkan hal tersebut tidak terjadi. Penelitian ini merupakan uji kesetaraan antara hasil uji kepekaan antibiotik metode difusi cakram menurut standar CDS dan standar CLSI yang dibandingkan dengan Etest sebagai baku emas. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan hasil metode difusi cakram standar CDS lebih sesuai dengan Etest daripada standar CLSI pada tiga antibiotik yaitu azitromisin (total agreement 96,7%), seftriakson (total agreement 80,0%) dan penisilin (total agreement 73,3%) sedangkan metode difusi cakram standar CLSI lebih sesuai dengan Etest daripada standar CDS pada dua antibiotik yaitu siprofloksasin (total agreement 73,3%) dan spektinomisin (total agreement 73,3%). Pola kepekaan Neisseria gonorrhoeae terhadap antibiotik di RSCM dan pelayanan kesehatan jejaring menurut metode difusi cakram yang paling sesuai dengan Etest yaitu: dengan standar CDS didapatkan azitromisin 86,7%, seftriakson 76,7%, penisilin 16,7% dan dengan standar CLSI didapatkan siprofloksasin 0% dan spektinomisin 70%. Pola kepekaan Neisseria gonorrhoeae terhadap sefiksim yaitu 46,7% yang hanya diujikan dengan standar CLSI. Pemberian sefiksim dan seftriakson yang merupakan terapi pilihan untuk gonore harus diberikan secara bijak, untuk menghindari kejadian resistensi yang lebih luas.

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This study aimed to evaluate the use of CLSI and CDS standard disc diffusion method in determining the sensitivity patterns of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to antibiotics. In the CLSI standard disc diffusion method can occur double inhibition zone that can complicate the interpretation of the actual inhibition zone. With the CDS standard disc diffusion method expected it does not happen. This study was a test of equivalence between the results of antibiotic susceptibility test disc diffusion method according to CLSI standards and standardized CDS compared with the Etest as gold standard. From this study, compared with Etest, the results of the standard disc diffusion method in accordance with CDS over the CLSI standard than three antibiotics, namely azithromycin (total agreement 96.7%), ceftriaxone (total agreement 80.0%) and penicillin (total agreement 73.3%) whereas the standard disc diffusion method according to CLSI more than CDS standard on the two antibiotics are ciprofloxacin (total agreement 73.3%) and spectinomycin (total agreement 73.3%). Neisseria gonorrhoeae patterns of sensitivity to antibiotics in RSCM and health care networks by disc diffusion method that best suits the Etest are with the standard CDS obtained azithromycin 86,7%, ceftriaxone 76.7%, penicillin 16,7% and with the CLSI standards obtained ciprofloxacin 0% and spektinomisin 70%. Neisseria gonorrhoeae pattern of sensitivity to cefixime is 46.7 % which is only tested with the CLSI standard. Cefixime and ceftriaxone as the drug of choice for gonorrhea should be given prudently to prevent the occurrence of resistance more extensive.

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Latar belakang: Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) telah mengalami resistensi terhadap berbagai antibiotik. Setidaknya sepuluh negara telah melaporkan kegagalan pengobatan gonore dengan extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs). Pengawasan berkelanjutan penting untuk menentukan pedoman pengobatan lokal. Tujuan: Mengetahui prevalensi NG yang resisten terhadap penisilin, tetrasiklin, levofloksasin, sefiksim, dan seftriakson pada kelompok risiko tinggi di Jakarta serta mengidentifikasi berbagai faktor yang berhubungan. Metode: Sebuah penelitian dengan desain potong lintang dilakukan di Jakarta pada September hingga November 2018. Terdapat 98 laki-laki dan perempuan berisiko tinggi yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Sediaan duh tubuh diambil dari uretra atau serviks, disimpan di media transport, kemudian diantarkan ke Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Klinik FKUI untuk biakan dan identifikasi. Uji resistensi dilakukan dengan metode difusi cakram sesuai rekomendasi Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI). Hasil: Dari seluruh spesimen yang dibiakkan, 35 di antaranya menunjukkan pertumbuhan isolat NG. Prevalensi NG yang resisten terhadap penisilin, tetrasiklin, levofloksasin, sefiksim, dan seftriakson pada kelompok risiko tinggi di Jakarta adalah 97,1%; 97,1%; 34,3%; 0%; 0%. Usia, orientasi seksual, riwayat konsumsi antibiotik, berhubungan seksual secara komersial, dan berhubungan dengan pasangan seksual dari luar kota tidak berhubungan dengan NG yang resisten terhadap levofloksasin. Kesimpulan: Tidak ditemukan isolat NG yang resisten terhadap sefiksim dan seftriakson. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa sefiksim dan seftriakson efektif mengobati gonore di Jakarta. Tidak ada faktor yang berhubungan dengan resistensi pada penelitian ini. ......Background: Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) has developed resistance to various antimicrobials. At least ten countries have reported treatment failures with extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs). Continuous surveillance is important to determine local treatment guideline. Objectives: To determine the resistance rates of NG to penicillin, tetracycline, levofloxacin, cefixime, ceftriaxone among the high-risk population in Jakarta, and identify the associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Jakarta, Indonesia from September to November 2018. A total of 98 high-risk men and women fulfilled the studies’ criteria. The specimens were collected from urethral or endocervical swabs, put into Amies transport media, and then transported to the Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology Universitas Indonesia for culture and identification. Proven gonococcal isolates were examined for susceptibility to various antibiotics using the disk diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) recommendation. Results: Among 98 specimens, 35 were confirmed to be NG. The NG resistance rates to penicillin, tetracycline, levofloxacin, cefixime, and ceftriaxone among high-risk population were 97,1%; 97,1%; 34,3%; 0%; 0%. Age, sexual orientation, history of antibiotic consumption, commercial sexual activities, and sexual activities with partners from other regions were not associated with the resistance to levofloxacin. Conclusion: No resistance to cefixime and ceftriaxone was reported. This finding indicates that they are still effective to treat gonorrhea in Jakarta. There were no associated factors identified in this study.

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Latar belakang: Saat ini, peran vitamin D dalam berbagai penyakit kronis banyak diteliti. Vitamin D dianggap memiliki efek imunomodulator sehingga diduga berkaitan dengan beberapa penyakit alergi dan autoimun, termasuk urtikaria kronik. Terdapat laporan kadar vitamin D yang rendah pada pasien urtikaria kronik dan suplementasi vitamin D terbukti memperbaiki gejala urtikaria kronik yang dinilai dengan kuesioner yang sudah tervalidasi Urticaria activity score 7 (UAS7). Namun, penelitian mengenai korelasi kadar vitamin D serum dengan aktivitas penyakit urtikaria masih terbatas, terutama di Indonesia. Tujuan: Menganalisis korelasi kadar vitamin D (25[OH]D) serum dengan aktivitas penyakit pada pasien urtikaria kronik. Metode: Penelitian deskriptif-analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Tiga puluh pasien urtikaria kronik usia 18–59 tahun yang memenuhi kriteria penerimaan dan penolakan direkrut dalam penelitian ini. Penilaian aktivitas penyakit menggunakan UAS7 dan dilakukan pengukuran kadar 25(OH)D serum. Korelasi kadar 25(OH)D serum dan aktivitas penyakit dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis Spearman. Penelitian ini juga menilai kecukupan pajanan matahari menggunakan kuesioner pajanan matahari mingguan. Hasil: Rerata skor UAS7 adalah 14,63±7,8, median durasi penyakit adalah 12 (2–120) bulan, median skor pajanan matahari mingguan adalah 8 (2–34), dan median kadar 25(OH)D serum adalah 12,10 ng/mL (6,85–29.87). Mayoritas subjek mengalami defisiensi vitamin D (80%). Tidak terdapat korelasi antara kadar 25(OH)D serum dengan aktivitas penyakit (r=0,151; p=0,425), tetapi didapatkan korelasi negatif kuat yang bermakna pada kelompok defisiensi vitamin D berat (r=-0,916; p=0,001). Terdapat korelasi positif sedang bermakna antara aktivitas penyakit dan durasi penyakit (r=0,391; p=0,033). Pada kuesioner pajanan sinar matahari mingguan, didapatkan perbedaan bermakna skor bagian tubuh yang terpajan matahari antar kelompok insufisiensi dan defisiensi vitamin D (p=0,031). Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat korelasi kadar 25(OH)D serum dengan aktivitas penyakit pasien urtikaria kronik, namun terdapat kecenderungan peningkatan aktivitas penyakit pada kelompok defisiensi berat vitamin D. ......Background: Nowadays, the role of vitamin D in various chronic diseases is a matter of great interest. Vitamin D is thought to have an immunomodulatory effect so it is thought to be associated with several allergic and autoimmune diseases, including chronic urticaria. There have been reports of low vitamin D levels in patients with chronic urticaria and vitamin D supplementations has been shown to improve symptoms of chronic urticaria which was assessed by a validated questionnaire Urticaria activity score 7 (UAS7). However, data on the correlation between serum vitamin D levels and disease activity in chronic urticaria are still limited, especially in Indonesia. Objective: To analyze the correlation between vitamin D (25[OH]D) serum and disease activity in chronic urticaria patients. Methods: This is an analytic-descriptive cross-sectional study. Thirty chronic urticaria patients age 18 – 59 years old who meet all inclusion and exclusion criterias were recruited in this study. Assessment of disease activity using UAS7 and measurement of 25(OH)D serum levels were performed. Correlation of 25(OH)D serum levels and disease activity was done using Spearman analysis. In this study, an assessment of sun exposure adequacy was carried out using a weekly sunlight exposure questionnaire. Results: The mean of UAS7 was 14.63±7.8, median duration of illness was 12 (2 – 120) month, median weekly sunlight exposure score was 8 (2 – 34), and the median serum 25(OH)D was 12.10 ng/mL (6.85 – 29.87). The majority of subjects had vitamin D deficiency (80%). There was no correlations between serum 25(OH)D levels and disease activity (r=0.151; p=0.425). However, a significant negative correlation was found in severe deficiency vitamin D group (r=-0.916; p=0.001). There was also significant moderate correlation between disease activity and duration of illness (r=0.391; p=0.033). In weekly sunlight exposure questionnaire, we found that body surface area score was significantly different between insufficiency and deficiency vitamin D groups (p=0,031). Conclusion: There was no correlation between serum 25(OH)D levels and disease activity in chronic urticaria patients, however there was a tendency of increasing disease activity in severe deficiency vitamin D group

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ABSTRAK
Latar belakang dan tujuan: Pioderma superfisialis (PS) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di Indonesia dengan jumlah kunjungan yang masih tinggi di Poliklinik Kulit dan Kelamin Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo (PKK-RSCM). Saat ini pengobatan topikal lini pertama adalah asam fusidat 2% sedangkan penggunaan mupirosin 2% dibatasi. Beberapa penelitian terdahulu memperlihatkan resistensi terhadap asam fusidat 2% dan mupirosin 2%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan efektivitas mupirosin 2% dengan asam fusidat 2% terhadap kesembuhan klinis PS di PKK-RSCM. Metode: Uji klinis acak buta ganda dilakukan terhadap 42 pasien PS usia 12-59 tahun di PKK-RSCM. Setelah pemeriksaan bakteriologis, setiap subjek mendapatkan satu jenis krim antibiotik untuk dioleskan selama tujuh hari. Evaluasi klinis didasarkan pada pengurangan luas lesi dan skala nyeri. Pemeriksaan biakan dan resistensi dilakukan di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Klinik Universitas Indonesia. Hasil: Efektivitas krim mupirosin (kelompok M) adalah 83,3% dan krim asam fusidat (kelompok AF) 40% (p=0,048), sedangkan persentase penurunan luas lesi kelompok M sebesar 83,5% dan kelompok AF 60,7% (p=0,041). Tidak ditemukan efek samping subjektif maupun objektif pada kedua kelompok. Pada biakan kuman, 54,8% sampel ditemukan 2 jenis kuman, jenis terbanyak adalah S.aureus dan S.pyogenes. Sebagian besar S.aureus (78,8%, 75,8%) dan S.pyogenes (50%,94,4%) memiliki kepekaan intermediet terhadap mupirosin 2% dan asam fusidat 2%. Kesimpulan: Krim mupirosin 2% lebih efektif daripada krim asam fusidat 2% terhadap PS. Kata kunci: mupirosin 2%, asam fusidat 2%, kesembuhan klinis, luas lesi, skala nyeri

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ABSTRACT
Background and objectives: Superficial pyodermas (SP) are common health problem in Indonesia with high incidence in the Dermatovenereology Outpatient Clinic Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (DV-CMH). Current guidelines endorses 2% fusidic acid as the first line topical therapy, while 2% mupirocin is reserved for certain condition. Past studies demonstrated increasing resistance to 2% fusidic acid and 2% mupirocin. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of 2% mupirocin and 2% fusidic acid in SP treatment in our institution. Methods: A double-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted on 42 SP patients aged 12-59 years old in DV-CMH. Following bacteriologic examination, each subject received a random antibiotic cream for seven days. Clinical evaluation was determined by reduction of lesion size and pain scale. Bacteriologic culture and susceptibility test were performed in Clinical Microbiology Laboratory University of Indonesia. Results: The effectiveness in 2% mupirocin group (M) was 83,3% and in 2% fusidic acid group (FA) 40% (p=0,048). Lesion size decrease was 83.5% in M group and 60.7% in FA group (p=0,041). No side effects were observed in both treatment groups. At the bacteria culture , 54.8 % of the samples found two types of bacteria, most types are S.aureus and S.pyogenes. Most of S.aureus (78,8%, 75,8%) and S.pyogenes (50%,94,4%) have an intermediate susceptibility to 2 % mupirocin and 2% fusidic acid. Conclusion: The 2% mupirocin cream was more effective than 2% fusidic acid cream in SP treatment. Keywords: 2% mupirocin, 2% fusidic acid, clinical cure, lesion size, pain scale

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Servisitis klamidia masih menjadi masalah kesehatan yang cukup signifikan di Indonesia karena sulitnya diagnosis pasti klamidia. Pemeriksaan penunjang yang mudah dan murah dilakukan yaitu pewarnaan Gram namun memiliki sensitivitas dan spesifisitas yang rendah. Pemeriksaan baku emas adalah polymerase chain reaction (PCR) namun membutuhkan biaya mahal dan membutuhkan fasilitas laboratorium lengkap. Dibutuhkan sebuah tes cepat untuk mendiagnosis klamidiosis dengan sensitivitas dan spesifisitas yang lebih baik dari pewarnaan Gram. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan nilai diagnostik dari QuickStripe™ Chlamydia rapid test (CRT) dalam mendiagnosis servisitis klamidia pada perempuan risiko tinggi di Jakarta. Studi potong lintang ini melibatkan perempuan risiko tinggi, baik simtomatik maupun asimtomatik, yang berada di Balai Rehabilitasi Sosial Eks Watunas Mulya Jaya selama bulan Juni hingga Juli 2020. Apusan endoserviks diambil dari tiap subjek dengan urutan acak untuk pemeriksaan QuickStripe™ CRT, pewarnaan Gram, dan real time PCR. Sebanyak 41 subjek berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Sensitivitas dan spesifisitas QuickStripe™ CRT pada penelitian ini adalah 73,6% (IK 95%: 48,80% sampai 90,85%) dan 81,82% (IK 95%: 59,72% sampai 94,81%), dengan nilai duga positif dan negatif sebesar 77,78% (IK 95%: 58,09% sampai 89,84%) dan 78,05% (IK 95%: 62,39% sampai 89,44%). Proporsi servisitis klamidia berdasarkan real-time PCR pada penelitian ini adalah 46,3%. Sebuah studi menyatakan bahwa penggunaan rapid test dengan sensitivitas suboptimal pada populasi risiko tinggi dapat meningkatkan angka pengobatan dibandingkan penggunaan baku emas yang membutuhkan kunjungan ulang agar pasien mendapatkan pengobatan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa QuickStripe™ CRT dapat menjadi alternatif dalam mendiagnosis servisitis klamidia pada perempuan risiko tinggi di Jakarta. .....Chlamydial cervicitis is one of health problems in Indonesia due to difficulty of definitive diagnosis for Chlamydia trachomatis. Gram staining is quick and affordable and usually done to make presumptive diagnosis despite its low sensitivity and specificity. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is considered gold standard but costly, technically demanding and difficult to be performed in low-resource settings. Thus, a rapid test with higher sensitivity and specificity is needed to aid chlamydial cervicitis. This study aims to determine the diagnostic value of QuickStripe™ Chlamydia rapid tests (CRT) in diagnosing chlamydial cervicitis among high-risk women in Jakarta. This cross-sectional study included symptomatic and asymptomatic high risk women in Balai Rehabilitasi Sosial Eks Watunas Mulya Jaya during June to July 2020. Endocervical swabs from each participant were taken for QuickStripe™ CRT, Gram staining, and real time PCR. A total of 41 participants were enrolled. The sensitivity and specificity for QuickStripe™ CRT were 73.6% (95% CI: 48,80% to 90.85%) and 81.82% (95% CI: 59.72% to 94.81%). Positive and negative predictive value were 77.78% (95% CI: 58.09% to 89.84%) and 78.05% (95% CI: 62.39% to 89.44%). Chlamydial cervicitis proportion based on real-time PCR was 46.3% in this study. A modelling study stated that a rapid test with suboptimal sensitivity in a high risk setting can improve rates of treatment compared to a gold standard test that requires return visits for patients to receive results and treatment. We concluded that QuickStripe™ CRT may become alternative diagnostic test among high-risk women in Jakarta.

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Latar belakang: Air mempunyai peran yang sangat penting bagi kehidupan manusia. Asupan air yang tidak adekuat, dapat menimbulkan berbagai masalah pada manusia. Dehidrasi paling sering terjadi pada lanjut usia (lansia) yang menyebabkan kulit kering dan berbagai masalah kulit. Kulit memiliki peran penting dalam mencegah kekeringan pada tubuh manusia. Air mendominasi kulit sekitar 30% dan berkontribusi pada kekenyalan, elastisitas, dan ketahanan kulit. Saat ini belum terdapat cukup data untuk membuktikan hubungan antara asupan cairan dengan peningkatan hidrasi kulit. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan deskriptif analitik potong lintang yang dilakukan pada lansia berusia 65-80 tahun di panti Tresna Werdha Budi Mulia 3. Pengukuran dilakukan dengan menilai asupan cairan selama 7 hari. Pada hari ke-9 dilakukan penilaian status hidrasi melalui Urine Specific Gravity (USG), kekeringan kulit melalui Specified Symptom Sum Score (SRRC), dan karakteristik sawar kulit melalui Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) dan Skin Capacitance (SCap). Hasil: Sebanyak 67 SP mengikuti penelitian ini dengan median usia 70 tahun. Terdapat korelasi negatif lemah bermakna antara status hidrasi dengan asupan cairan (nilai p <0,0001). Terdapat korelasi negatif lemah bermakna antara asupan cairan pada lansia dengan SRRC (p<0,0001). Tidak terdapat korelasi antara asupan cairan pada lansia dengan TEWL dan SCap (p = 0.613 and p = 0.060). Kesimpulan: Asupan cairan yang adekuat dapat meningkatkan kelembapan kulit. Rekomendasi asupan cairan dari Kementerian Kesehatan Indonesia dapat dianjurkan pada lansia. ......Background: Water plays a crucial role in human life. Inadequate water intake can result in various issues in humans. Dehydration most commonly occurs in the geriatric, leading to dry skin and various skin problems. The skin plays a vital role in preventing bodily desiccation. Water constitutes around 30% of the skin and contributes to its resilience, elasticity, and durability. Currently, there is insufficient data to establish a definitive relationship between fluid intake and improved skin hydration. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional analytical descriptive study conducted on elderly individuals aged 65-80 years at the Tresna Werdha Budi Mulia 3 nursing home. Measurements were performed by assessing fluid intake over a 7-day period. On the 9th day, assessments were conducted for hydration status using Urine Specific Gravity (USG), skin dryness through the Specified Symptom Sum Score (SRRC), and skin barrier characteristics using Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) and Skin Capacitance (SCap). Results: Sixty-seven subjects participated in this study, with a median age 70 years. There was a statistically significant weak negative correlation between hydration status and fluid intake (p-value < 0.0001). Additionally, other parameters also showed significant weak negative correlations between hydration status and SRRC with p-values of <0.0001. Nevertheless, there was no significant difference observed in the correlation between fluid intake and both TEWL and SCap value (p = 0.613 and p = 0.060). Conclusion: Adequate fluid intake can enhance skin moisture. The recommendations of fluid intake from the Indonesian Ministry of Health can be advised for the geriatric population.

Abstrak :
Latar belakang: Baumann Skin Type Indicator (BSTI) merupakan instrumen yang dikembangkan pada tahun 2006 untuk menentukan tipe kulit berdasarkan empat parameter dikotom, yaitu: kering atau berminyak; sensitif atau resisten; berpigmen atau tidak berpigmen; dan kencang atau keriput. Kuesioner ini telah dimodifikasi pada tahun 2022 agar lebih praktis dan mudah digunakan. BSTI dapat membantu dokter untuk merekomendasikan produk perawatan kulit harian yang paling sesuai bagi pasien. Hingga saat ini, belum ada klasifikasi penentuan tipe kulit di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan alat yang valid dan reliabel untuk menentukan tipe kulit pada populasi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan Baumann Skin Type Indicators berbahasa Indonesia (BSTI-Ina). Metode: Dilakukan penerjemahan dan adaptasi lintas budaya kuesioner BSTI tahun 2006 dan 2022 ke dalam bahasa Indonesia. Hasil terjemahan kuesioner dianalisis oleh komite yang beranggotakan dokter spesialis Dermatologi, Venereologi dan Estetika, ahli biostatistika, psikolog klinis, dan penerjemah. Hasil kuesioner yang telah disepakati oleh komite diisi oleh 150 subjek dewasa yang berusia antara 18 hingga 59 tahun. Validitas kuesioner BSTI-Ina tahun 2006 dan 2022 dinilai berdasarkan validitas konten dan validitas konstruksi. Reliabilitas dinilai berdasarkan konsistensi internal. Korelasi antara kuesioner BSTI-Ina tahun 2006 dan 2022 dinilai dengan intra-class correlation (ICC). Hasil: Uji validitas menghasilkan nilai koefisien korelasi setiap pertanyaan pada BSTI-Ina tahun 2006 sebesar -0,037 hingga 0,751, untuk setiap pertanyaan pada BSTI-Ina tahun 2022 sebesar 0,231 hingga 0,685. Uji reliabilitas menunjukkan nilai α Cronbach untuk setiap pertanyaan pada BSTI-Ina tahun 2006 sebesar 0,613 hingga 0,718 dan untuk seluruh pertanyaan pada BSTI-Ina tahun 2022 sebesar 0,704. Intra-class correlation antara BSTI-Ina tahun 2006 dan 2022 sebesar 0,435. Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa BSTI-Ina tahun 2006 dan 2022 valid, reliabel, dan dapat digunakan untuk menentukan tipe kulit populasi dewasa di Indonesia. ......Backgorund: The Baumann Skin Type Indicator (BSTI) is an instrument developed in 2006 to determine skin types based on four dichotomous parameters, which are: dry or oily; sensitive or resistant; pigmented or non-pigmented; and tight or wrinkled. This questionnaire has been modified in 2022 to make it more practical and simple to use. The BSTI can assist dermatologists in recommending the most appropriate daily skin care products for patients. Until now, there is no classification for determining skin type in Indonesia. Therefore, valid and reliable tools are needed for determining skin type in the Indonesian population. This study aims to develop an Indonesian version of Baumann Skin Type Indicators (BSTI-Ina). Methods: The English versions of 2006 and 2022 BSTI questionnaires were translated into Bahasa Indonesia and underwent cross-cultural adaptation. The translated questionnaires were analyzed by a committee consisting of dermato-venereologists and aestheticians, biostatistician, clinical psychologist, and translators. The questionnaires were completed online by 150 Indonesian adult subjects ranging between 18 and 59 years old. The validity of the translated questionnaires was measured by content and construct validity. The reliability was assessed by internal consistency. The correlation between the 2006 and 2022 BSTI-Ina was assessed by intra-class correlation (ICC). Results: The validity test showed correlation coefficient scores for each question in 2006 BSTI-Ina was -0,037 to 0.751, and for each question in 2022 BSTI-Ina was 0,231 to 0,685. The reliability test showed a Cronbach’s α coefficient for each question in 2006 BSTI-Ina was 0,613 to 0,718 and for question in 2022 BSTI-Ina was 0,704. The ICC between 2006 and 2022 BSTI- Ina was 0.435. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that both 2006 and 2022 BSTI-Ina are valid, reliable, and suitable for determining the skin type of the Indonesian adult population.

Abstrak :
Latar belakang: Akne vulgaris (AV) adalah penyakit unit pilosebasea kronis tersering yang dapat menimbulkan dampak psikologis berat dan mengganggu kualitas hidup penderitanya. Penggunaan terapi ajuvan yaitu ekstraksi lesi akne yang dikombinasikan dengan terapi standar dapat memperbaiki kondisi klinis dan kualitas hidup penderita akne. Pengukuran kualitas hidup penting dilakukan untuk menilai keberhasilan terapi. Saat ini telah tersedia kuesioner kualitas hidup spesifik akne berbahasa Indonesia (Acne-QoL- INA) yang tervalidasi, namun belum pernah ada data mengenai perbandingan kualitas hidup antara terapi kombinasi dan terapi standar. Metode: Studi uji klinis acak terkontrol tersamar tunggal ini dilakukan pada subjek akne vulgaris dewasa derajat sedang berdasarkan kriteria Lehmann yang dibagi ke dalam kelompok terapi kombinasi standar dan ekstraksi lesi akne (terapi kombinasi) serta terapi standar tanpa ekstraksi lesi akne (terapi standar). Skor kualitas hidup berdasarkan kuesioner Acne-QoL-INA dinilai pada baseline, minggu ke-4, dan minggu ke-8 setelah terapi. Selain itu, penilaian jumlah lesi dan derajat keparahan akne diukur pada setiap kunjungan oleh seorang evaluator secara tersamar melalui foto klinis. Hasil: Sebanyak 40 subjek dengan median usia 24 tahun (18–48), 17,5% laki-laki dan 82,5% perempuan berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Skor Acne-QoL-INA baseline untuk kelompok kombinasi dan kelompok terapi standar masing-masing adalah 41 (37,5– 57) dan 45,5 (37–63), meningkat menjadi 79 (67,5–94,5) dan 72,5 (59,25–98,5) pada minggu ke-8 namun tidak berbeda bermakna secara statistik antar kedua kelompok (p=0,602). Jumlah lesi baseline pada kedua kelompok masing-masing 35 dan 32, menurun menjadi 18 dan 13 pada minggu ke-8 (p<0,0001) dan perbaikan derajat keparahan menjadi akne ringan pada 100% subjek di minggu ke-8. Kesimpulan: Tidak ada perbedaan dalam skor Acne-QoL-INA dan perbaikan klinis antara kelompok terapi kombinasi dan terapi standar pada pasien AV sedang. Namun, terapi kombinasi cenderung meningkatkan kualitas hidup dan pengurangan lesi lebih baik daripada terapi standar. ......Background: Acne Vulagis (AV) is the most commom chronic disease of the pilosebaceous unit that can have a significant psychological impact and reduce the quality of life. The use of adjuvant therapy such as acne lesion extraction, in combination with standard therapy could better improve clinical outcomes and quality of life. Assessing quality of life is crucial to evaluate the success of therapy. Currently, there has been a validated acne-specific quality of life questionnaire in Indonesian (Acne-QoL-INA), but there is no existing data on the comparison of quality of life between combination therapy and standard therapy. Method: This single-blinded randomized controlled study was conducted on adult subjects with moderate acne vulgaris based on Lehmann criteria, who were divided into combinations of standard therapy with acne lesion extraction (combination therapy) group, and standard therapy without acne lesion extraction (standard therapy) group. Quality of life score based on the Acne-QoL-INA questionnaire was assessed at the baseline, 4th, and 8th week after therapy. Additionally, the assessment of lesion number and acne grading is also measured at each visit by a blinded evaluator through clinical photos. Results: A total of 40 subjects with a median age of 24 years old (18–48), comprising 17.5% males and 82.5% females, participated in this study. The baseline Acne-QoL-INA scores for the combination therapy and the standard therapy group were 41 (37.5–57) and 45.5 (37–63), respectively. These scores increased to 79 (67.5–94.5) and 72.5 (59.25– 98.5) at week 8 but did not show statistically significant differences between the two groups (p=0.602). The baseline lesion count in both groups was 35 and 32, respectively, and decreased to 18 and 13 at week 8 (p<0.0001), with an improvement in the severity to mild acne in 100% of subjects by week 8. Conclusion: There was no difference in Acne-QoL-INA scores and clinical improvement between the combination therapy and standard therapy groups in moderate AV patients. However, combination therapy tended to improve the quality of life and lesion reduction better than standard therapy.

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Latar belakang dan tujuan: Keloid merupakan pertumbuhan berlebih dari kolagen dermis yang dapat menimbulkan masalah fisis dan psikis bagi penderitanya. Berbagai pilihan terapi telah digunakan untuk pengobatan keloid. Penelitian ini membandingkan efikasi dan efek samping antara kombinasi triamsinolon asetonid (TA) dan 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) dengan TA intralesi pada terapi keloid. Metode: Studi eksperimen dengan desain single blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) terhadap pasien keloid. Penelitian ini melibatkan 2 kelompok, yaitu: kelompok intervensi yang mendapat kombinasi 5-fluorourasil dan triamsinolon asetonid intralesi, dan kelompok kontrol yang mendapat terapi tunggal triamsinolon asetonid intralesi. Kedua kelompok diberi pengobatan 1 kali perminggu selama 8 minggu dan lesi keloid diukur tinggi dan volume. Hasil: Penurunan tinggi dan volume terjadi pada kedua kelompok. Pada penurunan tinggi, respons baik terjadi pada 75% kelompok intervensi dan 63,6% kelompok kontrol (p = 0,403). Sedangkan pada penurunan volume, respons baik terjadi pada 58,3% kelompok intervensi dan 63,6% kelompok kontrol (p = 0,713). Sebanyak 5 dari 24 SP pada kelompok intervensi mengalami efek samping berupa gatal, nyeri ringan, ulkus dangkal, dan telangiektasi. Sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol terdapat 7 dari 22 SP yang mengeluh gatal, nyeri ringan, dan telangiektasi. Kesimpulan: Secara umum, efikasi dan efek samping kombinasi TA dan 5-FU intralesi sebanding dengan TA saja.

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ABSTRACT
Background and objectives: Keloid are benign growths of dermal collagen that can cause physical and psychological problems for patients. A variety of treatment regimens have been used for treatment of keloids. This study was conducted to compare efficacy and side effects intralesional combination triamcinolone acetonide (TA) with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and TA alone for the treatment of keloid. Methods: Experimental study, single blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) for keloid patients. This study involved two groups: intervention group who received intralesional combination TA with 5-FU, and the control group who received intralesional TA alone. Both groups received treatment once a week for 8 weeks and lesions were assessed for height and volume. Results: Both groups showed improvement in height and volume. In height flattening, 75% patients in intervention group had good response, comparing to 63,6% control group (p = 0,403). While in volume reduction, 58,3% patients in intervention group had good response, comparing to 63,6% in control group (p = 0,713). Five out of 24 patients in intervention group had some side effects like itch, mild pain, superficial ulcer, and telangiectasis. While in control group, 7 out of 22 patients had itch, mild pain, and telangiectasis. Conclusions: The overall efficacy and side effects of combination triamcinolon acetonide with 5-fluorouracil was comparable with triamcinolone acetonide alone;Background and objectives: Keloid are benign growths of dermal collagen that can cause physical and psychological problems for patients. A variety of treatment regimens have been used for treatment of keloids. This study was conducted to compare efficacy and side effects intralesional combination triamcinolone acetonide (TA) with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and TA alone for the treatment of keloid. Methods: Experimental study, single blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) for keloid patients. This study involved two groups: intervention group who received intralesional combination TA with 5-FU, and the control group who received intralesional TA alone. Both groups received treatment once a week for 8 weeks and lesions were assessed for height and volume. Results: Both groups showed improvement in height and volume. In height flattening, 75% patients in intervention group had good response, comparing to 63,6% control group (p = 0,403). While in volume reduction, 58,3% patients in intervention group had good response, comparing to 63,6% in control group (p = 0,713). Five out of 24 patients in intervention group had some side effects like itch, mild pain, superficial ulcer, and telangiectasis. While in control group, 7 out of 22 patients had itch, mild pain, and telangiectasis. Conclusions: The overall efficacy and side effects of combination triamcinolon acetonide with 5-fluorouracil was comparable with triamcinolone acetonide alone;Background and objectives: Keloid are benign growths of dermal collagen that can cause physical and psychological problems for patients. A variety of treatment regimens have been used for treatment of keloids. This study was conducted to compare efficacy and side effects intralesional combination triamcinolone acetonide (TA) with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and TA alone for the treatment of keloid. Methods: Experimental study, single blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) for keloid patients. This study involved two groups: intervention group who received intralesional combination TA with 5-FU, and the control group who received intralesional TA alone. Both groups received treatment once a week for 8 weeks and lesions were assessed for height and volume. Results: Both groups showed improvement in height and volume. In height flattening, 75% patients in intervention group had good response, comparing to 63,6% control group (p = 0,403). While in volume reduction, 58,3% patients in intervention group had good response, comparing to 63,6% in control group (p = 0,713). Five out of 24 patients in intervention group had some side effects like itch, mild pain, superficial ulcer, and telangiectasis. While in control group, 7 out of 22 patients had itch, mild pain, and telangiectasis. Conclusions: The overall efficacy and side effects of combination triamcinolon acetonide with 5-fluorouracil was comparable with triamcinolone acetonide alone, Background and objectives: Keloid are benign growths of dermal collagen that can cause physical and psychological problems for patients. A variety of treatment regimens have been used for treatment of keloids. This study was conducted to compare efficacy and side effects intralesional combination triamcinolone acetonide (TA) with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and TA alone for the treatment of keloid. Methods: Experimental study, single blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) for keloid patients. This study involved two groups: intervention group who received intralesional combination TA with 5-FU, and the control group who received intralesional TA alone. Both groups received treatment once a week for 8 weeks and lesions were assessed for height and volume. Results: Both groups showed improvement in height and volume. In height flattening, 75% patients in intervention group had good response, comparing to 63,6% control group (p = 0,403). While in volume reduction, 58,3% patients in intervention group had good response, comparing to 63,6% in control group (p = 0,713). Five out of 24 patients in intervention group had some side effects like itch, mild pain, superficial ulcer, and telangiectasis. While in control group, 7 out of 22 patients had itch, mild pain, and telangiectasis. Conclusions: The overall efficacy and side effects of combination triamcinolon acetonide with 5-fluorouracil was comparable with triamcinolone acetonide alone]