Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Latar Belakang: Periodontitis adalah penyakit yang ditandai inflamasi dan menyebabkan kerusakan pada gingiva, jaringan periodontal, dan tulang alveolar yang menjadi tempat bertumpunya gigi-geligi. Penelitian yang pernah ada sebelumnya mencoba menggunakan alat penilaian risiko penyakit periodontal untuk memprediksi kehilangan gigi. Dalam sistem klasifikasi terbaru penyakit periodontal, World Classification 2017, periodontitis dikategorikan menjadi stage dan grade berdasarkan parameter seperti kehilangan tulang yang juga merupakan faktor risiko kehilangan gigi, sehingga World Classification 2017 berpotensi untuk menilai risiko kehilangan gigi pada pasien periodontitis.Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara Stage dan Grade Periodontitis dengan kehilangan gigi akibat periodontitis pada follow-up 0-3 bulan, 3-6 bulan, 6-9 bulan, 9-12 bulan, dan 12-24 bulan.Metode: Penelitian dilakukan secara retrospektif menggunakan data sekunder rekam medis periodontal pasien RSKGM FKGUI Tahun 2018-2021 yang diambil melalui consecutive sampling. Seratus enam puluh enam sampel rekam medis diperoleh dalam penelitian ini. Data sampel diolah dengan uji komparasi statistik menggunakan program IBM SPSS Statistics 26.Hasil: Ada perbedaan signifikan kehilangan gigi akibat periodontitis pada stage IV antar waktu follow-up 0-3 bulan dengan 12-24 bulan; grade A antar waktu follow-up 0-3 bulan dengan 12-24 bulan; grade C antar waktu follow-up 12-24 bulan dengan 0-3 bulan, 3-6 bulan, dan 9-12 bulan.Kesimpulan: Kehilangan gigi akibat periodontitis pada masing-masing stage dan grade berbeda antar waktu follow-up.

---

Introduction: Periodontitis is a disease revolving around inflammation and result in destruction of gingiva, periodontal tissue, and alveolar bone which function as anchorage of teeth. Past studies tried to use periodontal risk assessment tools to predict tooth loss. The new classsification of periodontal disease, World Classification 2017, categorized periodontitis into stages and grades based on parameter such as bone loss, which also a risk factor of tooth loss, so it was considered to be potential periodontal tooth loss predictor.

Objectives: To investigate relationship between diagnosed periodontitis stages and grades on baseline to tooth loss on 0-3 months, 3-6 months, 6-9 months, 9-12 months, and 12-24 months recall.

Methods: This study is done retrospectively using secondary data from 2018-2021 RSKGM FKGUI dental records collected by consecutive sampling. One hundred sixty six samples collected for the study. Data is analyzed by comparative test using IBM SPSS Statistics 26 Program.

Results: There is significant difference of tooth loss by periodontitis stage IV between 0-3 months to 12-24 months recalls from baseline; grade A between 0-3 months to 12-24 months; grade C between 12-24 months to 0-3 months, 3-6 months, and 9-12 months recalls from baseline.

Conclusions: Tooth loss due to periodontitis is differ based on stages and grades between recalls.

"

"Latar Belakang: Gingivitis merupakan penyakit periodontal dengan prevalensi paling tinggi di Indonesia. Penyebab utama terjadinya gingivitis adalah akumulasi plak dan tingkat kebersihan rongga mulut yang rendah. Manifestasi klinis gingivitis dapat berupa eritema, edema, perdarahan, dan ulserasi pada gingiva tanpa disertai adanya kehilangan perlekatan periodontal. Secara mikroskopis, ditemukan perubahan flora normal dan infeksi bakteri nonspesifik pada gingivitis. Kerusakan jaringan pada gingivitis bersifat reversibledengan adanya penghilangan plak dan peningkatan kebersihan rongga mulut. Mekanisme penghilangan plak dapat dilakukan secara mekanis dan kimiawi. Cara mekanis seperti scalingdan menyikat gigi merupakan metode utama penghilangan plak. Metode kimiawi seperti penggunaan obat kumur yang mengandung bahan aktif merupakan terapi tambahan yang efektif, terutama dalam membersihkan area di rongga mulut yang tidak terjangkau oleh pembersihan secara mekanis. Propolis merupakan salah satu bahan alami di bidang kesehatan yang memiliki sifat antiplak dan antibakteri. Obat kumur propolis dinilai memberikan efek terhadap plak dan gingivitis secara klinis serta jumlah koloni bakteri nonspesifik pada plak. Tujuan: Mengetahui efek obat kumur yang mengandung propolis terhadap plak dan gingivitis secara klinisserta jumlah koloni bakteri nonspesifik pada plak.Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode eksperimental klinis. Sebanyak 20 orang sukarelawan gingivitis berusia 18-30 tahun berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Subjek dibagi menjadi kelompok uji dan kelompok kontrol dengan pembagian 10 orang kelompok uji berkumur dengan obat kumur propolis dan 10 orang kelompok kontrol berkumur dengan obat kumur tanpa bahan aktif. Pada awal penelitian, dilakukan scaling, penyuluhan, pengukuran awal PI dan PBI, serta pengambilan sampel plak untuk penghitungan jumlah koloni bakteri. Setelah berkumur selama 14 hari, dilakukan kembali pengukuran PI dan PBI serta pengambilan sampel plak untuk penghitungan jumlah koloni bakteri.Hasil: Hasil penilaian statistik menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna rata-rata penurunan PBI antara kelompok uji dan kelompok kontrol. (sig< 0,05 , selisih R_PBI= 0.3724). Rata-rata penurunan PI kelompok uji lebih besar dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (selisih R_PI= 0.3665), begitu juga dengan rata-rata penurunan jumlah koloni bakteri aerob dan anaerob (selisih R_Aerob = 90.6 , selisih R_Anaerob= 40) walaupun tidak bermakna secara statistik (sig> 0,05).Kesimpulan: Berkumur dengan obat kumur propolis efektif terhadap perdarahan papilla dibandingkan dengan berkumur dengan obat kumur tanpa aktif. Berkumur dengan obat kumur propolis dapat menurunkan rata-rata PI serta rata-rata jumlah koloni bakteri aerob dan anaerob pada plak, walaupun tidak bermakna secara statistik.Kata kunci: Gingivitis, propolis, obat kumur, bakteri nonspesifik pada plak

---

Background: Gingivitis has the highest prevalence among the other periodontal diseases in Indonesia. The main causes of gingivitis are dental plaque accumulation and low oral hygiene level in patients. Clinically, gingivitis could appear as edema, bleeding, and ulceration without any loss of attachment. There are shifting of normal floras and certain periodontal pathogens found in gingivitis microscopically. Tissue damage in gingivitis is reversible with the presence of adequate plaque removal and an increase in patientsoral hygiene level. Dental plaque removal could be done mechanically and chemically. The mechanical methods like toothbrushing and scaling are the main method, whereas the use of chemical like mouthwash is an adjunctive therapy which shows efficacy. The use of mouthwash with active ingredients could cleanse area in the mouth that could not be reached through mechanical methods. Propolis is one of the natural ingredients commonly studied and used in dentistry because of the antibacterial and antiplaque effects it has. Propolis containing mouthwash could give effects on dental plaque and gingivitis clinically, along with the total count of nonspecific bacteria present in dental plaque.Objectives: To assess the effect of propolis containing mouthwash on dental plaque and gingivitis clinically along with the total count of nonspecific bacteria present in dental plaque.Methods:This study is completed using clinical experimental method. There are 20 volunteers with age interval 18-30 years old who participated in this research. Twenty subjects are divided into two groups with the same numbers, which is 10 subjects each groups. The first group is the test group which use propolis containing mouthwash, whereas the other one is placebo group which use mouthwash without any active ingredients. Scaling, dental health education, measurement of plaque index and papillary bleeding index, and plaque sample collection for bacteria assessment were done in the beginning of this study. After using mouthwash for 14 days, there were second measurement of plaque index and papillary bleeding index along with plaque sample collection for bacteria assessment.Results: Statistic showed there is significant difference (sig< 0.05, mean differences = 0.3724) of papillary bleeding index among the two groups. Mean score of plaque index in the test group showed greater reduction than the placebo group (mean differences = 0.3665) and nean score of total bacteria count in the test group showed higher reduction than the placebo group (mean differences of aerob bacteria = 90.6 , mean differences of anaerob bacteria = 40) though there werent any significant difference present statistically (sig>0.05).Conclusion: The use of propolis containing mouthwash showed better effect on papillary bleeding index compared to the use of mouthwash without any active ingredients. The use of propolis containing mouthwash could reduce mean scores of plaque index and the numbers of aerob and anaerob bacteria present in dental plaque, though there werent any statistical significance shown.Keywords: Gingivitis, propolis, mouthwash, nonspecific bacterial plaque"

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Nutrisi pada makanan yang dikonsumsi oleh vegetarian dapatmemberi pengaruh yang baik terhadap kondisi periodontal. Tujuan: Untukmengetahui perbedaan status periodontal pada vegetarian dibandingkan nonvegetarian.Metode: Penelitian deskriptif cross-sectional dengan subjek 60 orangyang terbagi dalam dua kelompok, 30 orang vegetarian dan 30 orang nonvegetarian.Dilakukan pengukuran indeks plak, kalkulus, OHIS dan PBI padamasing-masing kelompok. Hasil: Nilai rerata indeks plak, kalkulus, OHIS, danPBI pada kedua kelompok tidak berbeda bermakna (uji Mann-Whitney; p>0,05dan uji Independent T-Test; p>0,05). Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaanbermakna dari indeks plak, kalkulus, oral hygiene, dan perdarahan gingivakelompok vegetarian dibandingkan non-vegetarian dan semuanya tergolong kedalam kategori sedang dan baik.

---

ABSTRACTBackground: Nutritions in vegetarians’s food can give a good effect to periodontalcondition. Objective: To analyze the differences of periodontal status in vegetarianscompared to non-vegetarians. Method: The research is cross-sectional descriptivewith 60 subjects who were divided into two groups, 30 subjects of vegetarians and 30subjects of non-vegetarians. Examination were done using plaque, calculus, OHIS,and PBI index in each group. Result: The mean of plaque, calculus, OHIS, and PBIindex scores in both of groups have no significant difference (Mann-Whitney test;p>0,05 and Independent T-Test; p>0,05). Conclusion: There is no significantdifference of plaque, calculus, oral hygiene, and papila bleeding index in vegetarianscompared to non-vegetarians and they were classified to moderate and goodcategory."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Pola makan vegetarian diketahui memiliki efek positif terhadapkesehatan. Penelitian mengenai status periodontal pada vegetarian masih sedikit.Tujuan: Mengevaluasi kedalaman poket periodontal, resesi gingiva, dan kehilanganperlekatan pada vegetarian secara klinis. Metode: Penelitian potong lintang pada 30orang vegetarian dan 30 orang non-vegetarian berusia 16-65 tahun. Pemeriksaanklinis jaringan periodontal meliputi kedalaman poket, resesi gingiva, dan kehilanganperlekatan. Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p>0,05) rerata kedalamanpoket (Independent T-Test), resesi gingiva dan kehilangan perlekatan (uji Mann-Whitney) antara vegetarian dan non-vegetarian. Kesimpulan: Hasil evaluasi klinisterhadap kedalaman poket periodontal, resesi gingiva, dan kehilangan perlekatantidak berbeda antara vegetarian dan non-vegetarian.

---

ABSTRACTBackground: Vegetarian diet is known to have positive effects on health. Onlyscarce data are available concerning the periodontal status in vegetarians.Objectives: To evaluate the periodontal pocket depth, gingival recession, andclinical attachment level in vegetarians clinically. Methods: A cross-sectional studyof 30 vegetarians and 30 non-vegetarians aged 16-65 years. Clinical examination ofperiodontal tissues, including periodontal pocket depth, gingival recession, andclinical attachment level. Results: No significant mean differences (p>0,05) onperiodontal pocket depth (independent T-test), gingival recession and clinicalattachment level (Mann-Whitney test) between vegetarians and non-vegetarians.Conclusions: Clinical evaluation results of periodontal pocket depth, gingivalrecession, and clinical attachment level in vegetarians are not different betweenvegetarians and non-vegetarians."

"Latar Belakang: Hipersensitif dentin dipengaruhi oleh akumulasi plak pada permukaan gigi dan penetrasi bakteri pada tubulus dentin. Tujuan: Menganalisis proporsi serotipe c Streptococcus mutans dan tingkat keasaman di dalam plak dan saliva penderita resesi gingiva yang hipersensitif dentin dengan penderita resesi gingiva yang non hipersensitif. Metode: Tiga puluh enam sampel plak dan saliva dibagi dalam dua kelompok yaitu kelompok hipersensitif dan non hipersensitif. Dilakukan ekstrak DNA sampel, pengukuran pH sampel dan evaluasi amplifikasi serotipe c Streptococcus mutans dengan alat Real Time PCR. Hasil: Proporsi serotipe c Streptococcus mutans di dalam plak dan saliva tidak berbeda pada penderita resesi gingiva dengan hipersensitif dentin maupun non hipersensitif, Kesimpulan: Proporsi serotipe c Streptococcus mutans plak dan saliva tidak mempengaruhi hipersensitif dentin.

---

Background: dentin hypersensitivity is affected by the accumulation of plaque on the tooth surface and penetration of bacteria in the dentinal tubules.

Objective: To analyze the proportion of serotype c Streptococcus mutans and the level of acidity in plaque and saliva of patients with hypersensitive dentin and non hypersensitive.

Methods: Thirty-six plaque and saliva samples were divided into two groups: the hypersensitive and non-hypersensitive. Extract the sample DNA, measure the acidity levels and evaluate serotype c Streptococcus mutans amplification with Real Time PCR.

Results: The proportion of serotype c Streptococcus mutans in plaque and saliva is not significantly different in the patients with gingival recession both hypersensitive and non-hypersensitive.

Conclusions: The proportion of serotype c Streptococcus mutans in plaque and saliva are equally well both in hypersensitive and non hypersensitive cases."

"Latar Belakang: Minosiklin merupakan antibiotik dengan sifat bakteriostatik yang potensial mengeliminasi bakteri patogen periodontal. Kesembuhan perawatan periodontitis kronis umumnya ditunjukkan secara klinis dan mikrobiologis. Tujuan: Menganalisis parameter klinis (penurunan kedalaman poket dan indeks perdarahan gingiva, peningkatan perlekatan klinis) dan jumlah T. forsythia sebelum dan sesudah aplikasi gel Minosiklin HCl 2%. Metode: Empat puluh dua subjek menerima aplikasi gel Minosiklin HCl 2% sebanyak empat kali, kemudian dievaluasi parameter klinis dan T. forsythia dengan Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna dari parameter klinis dan T. forsythia antara pemeriksaan awal dan kontrol bulan ke-6 (p<0,05). Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara hubungan penurunan indeks perdarahan gingiva dengan jumlah T. forsythia (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: Aplikasi gel Minosiklin HCl 2% secara klinis dan mikrobiologis efektif dalam perawatan periodontitis kronis.

---

Background: Minocycline is known as one of the antibiotics with great bacteriostatic effect to eliminate periodontal pathogen. Healthier periodontal environment is usually shown with better clinical and microbiological response.

Objective: To clinically and microbiologically (T. forsythia) analyze the effect of Minocycline HCl 2% for treatment of chronic periodontitis within six months.

Methods: Forty-two subjects applied with Minocyline HCl 2% for four times. Clinical and microbiological examinations were evaluated on baseline, month-2, month-3, and month-6. T. forsythia was examined with Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) techniques.

Result: There were significant differences between Probing Pocket Depth, Papilla Bleeding Index, Clinical Attachment Level, and amount of T. forsythia in baseline compare to six months period (p<0.05). There was an association between the amount of T. forsythia and Papilla Bleeding Index (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Minocycline HCl 2% was effective clinically and microbiologically in chronic periodontitis therapy."

"Latar Belakang: Mayoritas penelitian menemukan hubungan periodontitis dengan penyakit jantung koroner (PJK), namun hubungan status periodontal penderita PJK dengan kadar LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) sebagai faktor risiko aterosklerosis penyebab PJK belum diteliti. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan antara kadar LDL dengan status periodontal PJK. Metode: 60 penderita PJK dan 40 kontrol diperiksa status periodontal (PBI, PPD, CAL) dan darah perifer untuk dinilai kadar LDL. Hasil: Ditemukan perbedaan kadar LDL (p=0,005) antara PJK dengan non PJK, korelasi kadar LDL dengan PPD (p=0,003) dan CAL (p=0,013) pada penderita PJK, dan PPD (p=0,001), CAL (p=0,008) pada non PJK, namun tidak ada korelasi kadar LDL dengan PBI (p=0,689) pada penderita PJK, PBI (p=0,302) pada non PJK. Kesimpulan: Terdapat korelasi antara kadar LDL dengan status periodontal.

---

Background: Studies found an association between periodontitis and coronary heart disease (CHD), but relationship between periodontal status CHD patients with LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) levels, as risk factors for atherosclerosis, has not been studied.

Objective: To analyze relationship between LDL and periodontal status CHD.

Methods: Periodontal status of 60 CHD, 40 controls wasd examined (PBI, PPD, CAL) and their blood was taken to assess levels LDL.

Result: Found significant differences LDL (p=0.005), correlation LDL with PPD (p=0.003) and CAL (p=0.013) CHD, and PPD (p=0.001), CAL (p=0.008) non-CHD, but no significant correlation LDL with PBI (p=0.689) CAD and PBI (p=0.320) non-CAD.

Conclusion: There is a correlation between the LDL level with periodontal status."

"Latar Belakang: Subepithelial connective tissue graft SCTG dan acelullar dermal matrix ADM seringkali digunakan dalam perawatan resesi gingiva. Tujuan Penelitian: Mengevaluasi kondisi klinis jaringan periodontal setelah perawatan resesi gingiva antara menggunakan SCTG dengan ADM. Metode: Data resesi gingiva, tingkat perlekatan klinis gingiva, dan lebar gingiva cekat sebelum perawatan diambil dari rekam medik. Pasien dihubungi untuk pengambilan data setelah perawatan. Hasil: Penggunaan SCTG dan ADM memberikan hasil yang signifikan. Perbandingan antara kedua kelompok tidak menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan. Kesimpulan: Perawatan resesi gingiva dengan SCTG dan ADM memberikan hasil yang serupa.

---

Background: Subepithelial connective tissue graft SCTG and acellular dermal matrix ADM are frequently used in treatment of gingival recession.

Objectives: To evaluate periodontal clinical conditions after treatment of gingival recession using SCTG and ADM.

Methods: Pre operative data of gingival recession, clinical attachment level, and attached gingiva were retrieved from medical records. Patients were recalled and post operative data were recorded.

Results: Application of SCTG and ADM yield significant changes. Comparisons between the two groups showed no statistically significant differences.

Conclusion: Treatment of gingival recession with SCTG and ADM yield similar outcomes."

"Latar Belakang: Terapi bedah flep periodontal dilakukan untuk meningkatkan status periodontal. Tujuan: Evaluasi secara klinis dan radiografis keberhasilan perawatan bedah flep periodontal tahun 2011-2016. Metode: Evaluasi status pasien antara sebelum dan sesudah perawatan bedah flep periodontal tanpa bahan cangkok tulang, menilai kedalaman poket, tingkat perlekatan klinis, resesi gingiva, dan ketinggian tulang alveolar. Hasil: Terdapat 126 data untuk kedalaman poket, resesi gingiva, tingkat perlekatan klinis. Terdapat 135 data untuk ketinggian tulang. Terdapat hasil yang signifikan untuk semua kelompok p=0,00. Kesimpulan: Perawatan bedah periodontal menghasilkan penurunan kedalaman poket, meningkatkan resesi gingiva, meningkatkan tingkat perlekatan klinis gingiva, dan peningkatan ketinggian tulang alveolar.

---

Background: Periodontal flap surgery can improve periodontal status.

Objective: Clinical and radiographic evaluation of periodontal flap surgery in 2011 2016.

Methods: Evaluation of patient status between pre and post periodontal flap surgery without bone graft materials, measuring pocket depth, clinical attachment level, gingival recession, and alveolar bone height.

Results There are 126 data for pocket depth, gingival recession, level of clinical attachment. There are 135 data for bone height. There were significant results for all groups p 0.00.

Conclusion: Periodontal flap surgery resulted decreased pocket depth, increased gingival recession, increased clinical attachment level of gingiva, and increased alveolar bone height."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Penggunaan alat ortodonti cekat dapat mempersulit pembersihan gigi karena komponen alat ortodonti cekat mampu melindungi plak gigi dari pembersihan mekanis. Akibat dari buruknya oral hygiene, lingkungan rongga mulut dapat berisiko mengalami kondisi patologis pada jaringan periodontal, salah satunya periodontitis kronis. Tujuan penelitian: Mengetahui evaluasi gigi geligi yang mengalami periodontitis kronis pada kasus pemakai alat ortodonti cekat. Metode: Penelitian deskriptif retrospektif pada 76 subjek yang mengalami periodontitis kronis serta memakai alat ortodonti cekat, menggunakan data kartu status rekam medik Klinik Periodonsia RSKGM FKG UI tahun kunjungan 2008-2017. Hasil: Frekuensi periodontitis kronis pada pemakai alat ortodonti cekat lebih sering pada gigi-gigi rahang bawah (51,3%), khususnya regio rahang bawah posterior (28,1%). Kelompok gigi dengan frekuensi periodontitis kronis tertinggi pada pemakai alat ortodonti cekat adalah kelompok gigi insisif (31,3%), khususnya elemen gigi 11 (4,6%). Sisi dengan frekuensi poket periodontal dan kehilangan perlekatan klinis tertinggi pada penderita periodontitis kronis yang memakai alat ortodonti cekat adalah sisi distal (32,6%). Sisi dengan frekuensi resesi gingiva tertinggi pada penderita periodontitis kronis yang memakai alat ortodonti cekat adalah sisi bukal (32,6%). Kesimpulan: Periodontitis kronis pada pemakai alat ortodonti cekat lebih sering pada gigi-gigi rahang bawah, khususnya regio rahang bawah posterior. Kelompok gigi dengan frekuensi periodontitis kronis tertinggi pada pemakai alat ortodonti cekat adalah kelompok gigi insisif, khususnya elemen gigi 11. Sisi dengan frekuensi poket periodontal dan kehilangan perlekatan klinis tertinggi pada penderita periodontitis kronis yang memakai alat ortodonti cekat adalah sisi distal. Sisi dengan frekuensi resesi gingiva tertinggi pada penderita periodontitis kronis yang memakai alat ortodonti cekat adalah sisi bukal.

---

ABSTRACTBackground: Usage of fixed orthodontic appliances could cause difficulty on oral cleansing because its components could protect dental plaque from mechanical cleansing. The consequence of bad oral hygiene leads to an oral environment that could be at risk for pathological conditions in periodontal tissues, such as chronic periodontitis. Objective: To understand the dental evaluation of chronic periodontitis in cases of fixed orthodontic patients. Method: This retrospective descriptive study was conducted on 76 subjects that have chronic periodontitis and also using fixed orthodontic appliances, by using medical records of Klinik Periodonsia RSKGM FKG UI in period of 2008 - 2017. Result: The frequency of chronic periodontitis in users of fixed orthodontic appliances is more frequent in the mandibular teeth (51.3%), especially the posterior mandibular region (28.1%). The group of teeth with the highest frequency of chronic periodontitis in users of fixed orthodontic appliances was the incisors (31.3%), especially the 11 tooth element (4.6%). The side with highest frequency of periodontal pocket and clinical attachment loss in patients with chronic periodontitis who use fixed orthodontic appliances is the distal side (32.6%). The side with highest frequency of gingival recession in patients with chronic periodontitis who use fixed orthodontic appliances is the buccal side (32.6%). Conclusion: Chronic periodontitis in users of fixed orthodontic appliances is more frequent in mandibular teeth, especially the posterior mandibular region. The group of teeth with highest frequency of chronic periodontitis in users of fixed orthodontics is the incisor tooth group, especially the 11 tooth element. The side with highest frequency of periodontal pockets and clinical attachment loss in patients with chronic periodontitis using fixed orthodontic appliances is the distal side. The side with highest frequency of gingival recession in patients with chronic periodontitis using fixed orthodontic appliances is the buccal side."