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"Penelitian dilakukan dari bulan Januari sampai Desember 2012 di Tegal, Jawa Tengah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji aspek perikanan meliputi : armada dan teknik penangkapan, daerah penangkapan, komposisi hasil tangkapan dan CPUE ( Catch per unit effort ); aspek biologi yang meliputi sebaran frekuensi panjang, hubungan panjang berat, nisbah kelamin, tingkat kematangan gonad, ukuran pertama kali tertangkap, ukuran pertama kali matang gonad,fekunditas dan diameter telur, Indeks Kematangan Gonad, Musim memijah dan kebiasaan makan. Metode pengumpulan sampel yaitu diambil secara acak dari hasil tangkapan pukat cincin mini dan jaring insang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebaran frekuensi panjang ikan tongkol batik hasil tangkapan pukat cincin mini 13-55 cm dengan modus 25 cm, hasil tangkapan jaring insang 22-49 cm dengan modus 37 cm. Pertumbuhan bersifat isometrik. Nisbah kelamin dalam kondisi seimbang. Ukuran pertama kali matang gonad = 33,7 cm. Ukuran pertama kali tertangkap (Lc) dengan pukat cincin = 31,75 cm, sedangkan Lc dengan jaring insang = 38,85 cm. Fekunditas ikan tongkol batik berkisar 225.760 ? 2.601.500 butir telur, diameter telur berkisar antara 0,11? 0,65 mm, paling banyak pada ukuran 0,44 mm. Pola pemijahannya adalah memijah beberapa kali (partial spawner). Musim memijah ikan tongkol batik di Laut Jawa pada bulan Juni sampai Agustus. Ikan tongkol batik tergolong ikan karnivora yang mangsanya meliputi berbagai jenis ikan dan moluska.

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The study conducted from January to December 2012 in Tegal, Central Java. The purpose of this study to assess the fisheries aspects that include : fleet and fishing techniques, fishing ground, catch composition and CPUE ( Catch Per Unit Effort ); and aspects of biology that includes the length frequency distribution, length weight relationship, sex ratio, gonad maturity level, length at first capture, length at first maturity, gonad size, fecundity and egg diameter, Gonado Somatic Index, spawning season and food habits. Samples were collected random from the catches of mini purse seiner and gill nets.

The results showed that the distribution frequencies of kawakawa (tongkol batik, Euthynnus affinis) was caught by mini purse seine were 13-55 cm, with mode 25 cm, and those was caught by gill net were 22-49 cm, with mode 37 cm. Growth was isometric. Sex ratio was in equilibrium condition. The length at first capture of mini purse seine was = 31.75 cm, length at first capture of gill net was = 38.85 cm, length at first maturity = 33.7 cm. Fecundities of kawakawa were 225,760 - 2,601,500 eggs, egg diameter ranged from 0.11 - 0.65 mm, mode 0.44 mm. Spawning pattern was partial spawner. The spawning season of kawakawa in the Java Sea in June to August. kawakawa was classified as carnivores that the prey various types of fish and mollusks."

"Pangkalan Pendaratan Ikan (PPI) Karangsong adalah penyumbang produksi ikan tenggiri (Scomberomorus commerson, Lacepede 1800) terbesar di Kabupaten Indramayu tahun 2013 sebesar 21,02%. Puncak produksi ikan tenggiri tertinggi pada bulan Mei (Musim Peralihan I). Ikan tenggiri dari laut Jawa (perairan Indramayu dan sekitarnya) yang didaratkan sebesar 5-10% merupakan ikan khas dan primadona hasil tangkapan nelayan Kabupaten Indramayu, ukuran panjang cagak ikan tenggiri yang tertangkap didominasi ikan belum matang gonad.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh data dan informasi serta menganalisis aspek perikanan dan aspek biologi ikan tenggiri yang didaratkan di PPI Karangsong meliputi daerah penangkapan, komposisi hasil tangkapan, dan produksi. Sedangkan aspek biologi meliputi sebaran frekuensi panjang, hubungan panjang-bobot, perbandingan jenis kelamin, ukuran pertama kali tertangkap, ukuran pertama kali matang gonad, tingkat kematangan gonad, indeks kematangan gonad, jumlah telur, diameter telur, makanan, dan faktor kondisi.Metode pengambilan sampel secara acak dari hasil tangkapan jaring millenium dan jaring rampus di perairan Indramayu dan sekitarnya yang didaratkan di PPI Karangsong. Sebaran frekuensi panjang ikan tenggiri diperoleh dengan mengelompokan ukuran panjang ikan dengan interval kelas 3 cm, hasil tangkapan jaring millenium 34-105 cm didominasi 58-69 cm yaitu ikan tenggiri belum matang gonad 63% dan ikan matang gonad 37%, hasil tangkapan jaring rampus 28-99 cm didominasi 64-69 cm yaitu ikan tenggiri belum matang gonad 73% dan ikan matang gonad 27%. Ukuran pertama kali tertangkap (Lc) dengan jaring millenium sebesar 63,80 cm, dengan jaring rampus sebesar 58,60 cm. Ukuran pertama kali matang gonad ikan betina panjang FL sebesar 74,83 cm. Nisbah kelamin rata-rata ikan jantan dan betina adalah 1,3:1,0. Hasil uji-t terhadap hubungan panjang-bobot secara keseluruhan diperoleh sifat pertumbuhan ikan tenggiri di perairan Indramayu dan sekitarnya adalah alometrik negatif. Jumlah telur berkisar 41.300-246.526 butir pada panjang 60-68 cm, diameter telur berkisar antara 0,44-0,85 mm. Pola pemijahan ikan tenggiri secara bertahap (partial spawning).

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Karangsong Fishing Port is a fish landing base that contribute the biggest of mackerel production (Scomberomorus commerson, Lacepede 1800) in Indramayu in 2013, which is around 21.02%. The highest peak of mackerel production is on May (First in between season). 5-10% of mackerel from the Indramayu and its surrounding waters (Coastal of Java) is typical and excellent fish caught by fishermen in Indramayu district. The length size of mackerels are dominated by immature gonad fish.

The objective study is to obtain data and information regarding with fisheries and biological aspects of mackerel that were landed in Karangsong Fishing Port. The fishing ports include fishing areas, cathing composition and production. The biological aspects are about length frequency distribution, lengthweight relationship, sex ratio, size of the fish on first captured, size of the first ripe gonads, gonad maturity level, gonad maturation index, fecundity egg, egg diameter, foods, and condition factors.

Sampling method was done randomly in this study on two fishing gears (nets millennium and nets rampus) in Indramayu and surrounding waters for mackerels which are landed in Karangsong Fishing Port. Length frequency distribution was obtained by classifying mackerels fish length at intervals of 3 cm class. The result of mackerels catch using millennium nets at size of 34-105 cm, dominated by size 58-69 cm which were immature mackerels 63% and 37% of mature fish. Mackerel that were caught by rampus nets at size 28-99 cm, were dominated by 64-69 cm, which were immature mackerel fish 73% and 27% of mature fish. Mackerels size (Lc) that are first caught by millennium nets was 63.80 cm, and by rampus nets was 58.60 cm. The size of the first mature female fish gonads was in lenght FL 74.83 cm. Average sex ratio of males and females was 1.3:1.

T-test results of the length-weight relationship showed that mackerels growth characteristics in Indramayu and surrounding waters were negatively allometric. Fecundity of mackerel were ranged 41.300-246.526 egg at 60-68 cm length, diameter ranged from 0.44 to 0.85 mm. Spawning pattern of mackerel was egg partial spawner."

"Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Mei s.d. Juli 2014, di PPN Karangantu Serang, Banten. Rastrelliger brachysoma (ikan kembung) merupakan ikan dengan nilai ekonomis penting dan disukai masyarakat. Peningkatan kebutuhan konsumsi ikan kembung mendorong peningkatkan upaya penangkapan, untuk memperoleh hasil tangkapan yang lebih besar. Ekploitasi sumber daya ikan kembung harus disertai dengan upaya pengelolaan untuk menjaga kelangsungan hidup sumber daya ikan kembung agar tetap lestari. Untuk melakukan pengelolaan diperlukan data dan informasi aspek perikanan dan aspek biologi. Tujuan penelitian untuk mendapatkan data dan informasi beberapa aspek perikanan dan aspek biologi ikan kembung. Ikan sampel dikumpulkan dengan metode sampling sederhana. Sampel diambil secara acak dari hasil tangkapan jaring rampus yang beroperasi harian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebaran frekuensi panjang 14-18,5 cm dengan modus 16 cm, pola pertumbuhan bersifat allometrik negatif, nilai Lc 16,24 cm, nilai Lm ikan jantan 16,3 cm dan ikan betina 16 cm, nisbah kelamin seimbang dengan perbandingan jantan dan betina 1:1,24, fekunditas 64.830-128.520 butir, sebaran diameter telur 0,23-0,7 μm, pola pemijahan partial spawner. Ikan kembung adalah pemakan plankton , memakan phytoplankton dan zooplankton.

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The research was conducted in May to July 20014 in Karangantu Fishing Port. Rastrelliger brachysoma (short bodied mackerel) is an economically important fish and appreciated by the public. Due to Increasing consumption of short bodied mackerel, it encourages increasing fishing effort to obtain larger catches. Exploitation of short bodied mackerel resources must be accompanied by resources management to maintain the viability of fish resources for their sustainability. To manage resources, it needs data and information about fisheries aspects and biological aspects.

The purpose of this research is to obtain data and information of several fisheries and biological aspects of short bodied mackerel. Fish samples were collected with simple sampling method. Samples were taken randomly from the rampus nets (one day fishing operation).

The results showed that the length frequencies distribution were 14-18,5 cm with the modus 16 cm, the short bodied mackerel growth was allometric negative, the length at first capture was 16,24 cm, the length at first maturity for male 16,3 cm and female 16 cm. Sex ratios in equilibrium between male and female was 1 : 1,24, fecundity was 64.830-128.520 eggs with egg diameter ranged from 0,23-0,7 μm, where spawning pattern was partial spawned. Short bodied mackerel are plankton feeder, feeding both phytoplankton and zooplankton."

"[Salah satu upaya yang perlu dilakukan dalam pengelolaan ikan tuna sirip biru selatan (Southern Bluefin Tuna / SBT) yang saat ini stoknya diperkirakan 9 % dari stok awal (Spawning Stock Biomass) yaitu menjaga agar stok biomassnya kembali pulih dengan mengendalikan kegiatan penangkapannya. Ketersediaan data laju tangkap, panjang cagak dan distribusi area akan menambah informasi dalam kajian pengelolaan sumberdaya ikan SBT di Samudera Hindia. Sampel ikanSBT diperoleh dari hasil tangkapan kapal-kapal long line yang berpangkalan di Pelabuhan Umum Benoa, Bali yang diambil mulai Januari 2012 - Oktober 2014. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, kapal-kapal long line tuna Indonesia mempunyai ratarata laju tangkap dan panjang cagak SBT masing-masing sebesar 0,74±0,77 per 1000 pancing dan 154 ± 29,1 cm. Laju tangkap SBT tertinggi berada pada lokasi area CCSBT 8 (panjang cagak < 100 cm, usia < 4-6 tahun), sedangkan lajutangkap terendah pada area CCSBT 1 yang merupakan daerah spawning ground SBT dewasa (panjang cagak >155 cm, usia > 8 tahun). Kapal-kapal long line tuna Indonesia lebih banyak menangkap SBT dengan ukuran belum layak tangkap (56,88 % dari total komposisi sampel). Uji one way anova menghasilkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan dari nilai laju tangkap dan panjang cagak SBT dengan area CCSBT 1, 2 dan 8.;One of the efforts to support the management of southern blue-fin tuna (SBT) which currently estimated to be at 9% of initial SSB is to maintain the biomass stock in order to recover by controlling the fishing activities. The availability of hook rate data (number of SBT individuals per 1000 hooks) and fork length (FL) and area distribution provides additional information in the study of management SBT in the Indian Ocean. Samples of SBT were collected from long line fishing vessel based at Benoa Port, Bali taken during 2012, January – 2014, October. Based on the analysis, Indonesia long line fishing vessels had hook rate average of 0,74±0,77 per 1000 hooks and FL 154 ± 29,1 cm. The highest hook rate shown in the area of CCSBT 8 (FL less than 100 cm, at age of less than 4 – 6 years), whereas the lowest hook rate occured in the area of CCSBT 1 (FL >,155 cm, age of more than 8 years). Many of the Indonesian long line vessels caught SBT of under size size individuals or about 56,88 % of total sample. The result of one way ANOVA indicates significant difference between value of the SBT hook rate, fork length and CCSBT Area 1, 2 and 8 respectively., One of the efforts to support the management of southern blue-fin tuna(SBT) which currently estimated to be at 9% of initial SSB is to maintain thebiomass stock in order to recover by controlling the fishing activities. Theavailability of hook rate data (number of SBT individuals per 1000 hooks) andfork length (FL) and area distribution provides additional information in the studyof management SBT in the Indian Ocean. Samples of SBT were collected fromlong line fishing vessel based at Benoa Port, Bali taken during 2012, January –2014, October. Based on the analysis, Indonesia long line fishing vessels had hookrate average of 0,74±0,77 per 1000 hooks and FL 154 ± 29,1 cm. The highesthook rate shown in the area of CCSBT 8 (FL less than 100 cm, at age of less than4 – 6 years), whereas the lowest hook rate occured in the area of CCSBT 1 (FL >,155 cm, age of more than 8 years). Many of the Indonesian long line vesselscaught SBT of under size size individuals or about 56,88 % of total sample. Theresult of one way ANOVA indicates significant difference between value of theSBT hook rate, fork length and CCSBT Area 1, 2 and 8 respectively.]"

"Ikan cakalang merupakan salah satu sumberdaya ikan pelagis bernilai ekonomis yang didaratkan di PPN Palabuhanratu. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui aspek biologi, status keberlanjutan pengelolaan, dan menyusun model dan strategi pengembangan pengelolaan secara berkelanjutan. Metode pengambilan sampel ikan cakalang secara acak terhadap kapal pancing tonda yang mendarat di PPN Palabuhanratu. Sedangkan untuk analisis status keberlanjutan menggunakan Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries (RAPFISH), dan untuk menyusun prioritas strategi menggunakan metode Proses Hirarki Analitik (AHP). Aspek biologi menunjukkan pola pertumbuhan bersifat allometrik negatif. Nisbah kelamin menunjukkan bahwa ikan betina lebih banyak dari pada ikan jantan. Ikan cakalang yang tertangkap kebanyakan pada TKG III sebesar 42%, dimana telah mengalami pemijahan. Hasil analisis potensial lestari (MSY) sebesar 741.039 kg/tahun, fmsy = 1.392 unit dan CPUEopt adalah 532.050 kg/unit; Status keberlanjutan pengelolaan perikanan tangkap ikan cakalang di PPN Palabuhanratu secara multidimensi dalam kondisi kurang berkelanjutan (nilai indeks 46,19). Strategi yang perlu dilakukan berdasarkan skala prioritas adalah 1) Pengaturan alat bantu penangkapan ikan, 2) Penentuan selektivitas alat penangkapan ikan, 3) Pembatasan upaya penangkapan ikan, 4) Peningkatan kualitas SDM, 5) Pengaturan perubahan target tangkapan sementara sesuai musim, 6) Pengelolaan hasil tangkapan sampingan (by catch), 7) Peningkatan pengawasan penangkapan ikan, 8) Pengembangan alat penangkapan ikan yang ramah lingkungan, 9) Meningkatkan nilai GDP, 10) Pengaturan kepemilikan sumberdaya, 11) Kebijakan dalam pengelolaan perikanan mempertimbangkan kearifan lokal nelayan setempat, 12) Meningkatkan Peran Sektor Perikanan, dan 13) Status konflik.

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Skipjack tuna is one of the major pelagic fish resources which has economic value that landed on PPN Palabuhanratu. The research aims to determine the biological aspects, determine the status management of sustainability, and model and strategy of sustainability development management. Sampling methods is randomly collect the skipjacks tuna on the trolling ship that landed in PPN Palabuanratu. Moreover, in the purpose of analysis of sustainability status is using Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries (RAPFISH), to arrange the strategic priorities is using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Biological aspects show allometric growth pattern is negative. Sex ratio showed that female fish are more than the male fish. Tuna were caught mostly on TKG III by 42%, which has undergone spawning. The results of the analysis of the sustainable potential (MSY) is 741.039 kg/year, fmsy = 1.392 units and CPUEopt is 532.050 kg/unit. The status of sustainability management in multidimension point of view, skipjack tuna fisheries activities in PPN Palabuhanratu is less sustainable condition (index value of 46.19). The strategies that need to do based on priority scale are: 1) setting up the fishing tools, 2) Determination of the selectivity of fishing tools, 3) Restriction of fishing activities, 4) improving the quality of human resources, 5) Settip up the changes of temporary target catch according to season, 6) Management of side catches value (by catch), 7) Improving monitoring of fishing, 8) Developing of fishing tools that are environmentally friendly, 9) Increase the value of GDP, 10) Admission of resource ownership, 11) Policy in fisheries management that considering the value of local fishermes, 12) Increase the Role of Fisheries Sector, and 13) Status of conflict."

"ABSTRAKIkan layang delles decapterus macrosoma dari penelitian ini merupakan sumber daya ikanpelagis kecil family carangidae. Sumber daya ini sangat diperlukan karena memiliki nilai ekonomispenting. Informasi mengenai populasi ikan layang delles decapterus macrosoma ini diperlukan sebagaidasar untuk membuat pilihan pengelolaan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret sampai denganbulan Mei 2014. Sampel dilakukan pada ikan layang delles decapterus macrosoma yang tertangkap diwilayah perairan neritik selatan Pelabuhan Ratu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membuat estimasidinamika populasi ikan layang delles decapterus macrosoma yang ada melalui pengukuran antarapanjang dan berat, pertumbuhan Von Bertalanffy, mortalitas, serta laju eksploitasi. Ikan layang dellesdecapterus macrosoma yang diamati berjumlah 1017 ekor. Total kisaran panjang ikan layang dellesdecapterus macrosoma antara 19 - 44 cm dengan kecenderungan menyebar secara normal.Hubungan antara panjang dengan berat ikan layang delles delles decapterus macrosomabersifat alometrik negatif atau pertumbuhan panjang pangkat tiga lebih cepat dari pada pertumbuhanberat. Koefisien pertumbuhan (K) sebesar 0.590 per tahun, panjang asimtotik (L∞) sebesar 47.78 cm t0-0.241. Mortalitas total adalah 0.99 per tahun dengan mortalitas alami sebesar 0.50 per tahun danmortalitas penangkapan 0.48 per tahun. Laju eksploitasi sebesar 0.49 per tahun

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ABSTRACTScad fish delles decapterus macrosoma, one of small pelagic fish resources, in the family ofCarangidae has economical value. Information on population of scad fish is needed as the key for itsmanagement. The research was conducted from March until May 2014. Samples of the scad fish werecollected around the southern area of neritic zone in Palabuhan Ratu Sea. The objective of the researchis to estimate the dynamics of existing population ofscadfish delles decapterus macrosoma whichincludes the relationship between its length and weight, Von bertalanffy growth, the rate of its mortalityand exploitation. There are 1017 of scad fish taken as the sample used in this research. The total rangeof length is between 19-44 cm, which tends to distribute normally.The relationship between the length and weight of scad fish is negativly allometric. In otherwords, the growth level of length is quicker than its weight. The coefficient of growth (K) is 0,590annually, the length of asymptotic (L∞) is 47,78 cm t0-0,241. The Total of mortality is 0,99 annually withthe natural mortality is about 0,50 annually. The mortality of fishing is 0,48 annually and the exploitationrate is 0,49 annually"

"ABSTRAKIkan layang delles decapterus macrosoma dari penelitian ini merupakan sumber daya ikan pelagis kecil family carangidae. Sumber daya ini sangat diperlukan karena memiliki nilai ekonomis penting. Informasi mengenai populasi ikan layang delles decapterus macrosoma ini diperlukan sebagai dasar untuk membuat pilihan pengelolaan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret sampai dengan bulan Mei 2014. Sampel dilakukan pada ikan layang delles decapterus macrosoma yang tertangkap di wilayah perairan neritik selatan Pelabuhan Ratu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membuat estimasi dinamika populasi ikan layang delles decapterus macrosoma yang ada melalui pengukuran antara panjang dan berat, pertumbuhan Von Bertalanffy, mortalitas, serta laju eksploitasi. Ikan layang delles decapterus macrosoma yang diamati berjumlah 1017 ekor. Total kisaran panjang ikan layang delles decapterus macrosoma antara 19 - 44 cm dengan kecenderungan menyebar secara normal.Hubungan antara panjang dengan berat ikan layang delles delles decapterus macrosoma bersifat alometrik negatif atau pertumbuhan panjang pangkat tiga lebih cepat dari pada pertumbuhan berat. Koefisien pertumbuhan K sebesar 0.590 per tahun, panjang asimtotik L infin; sebesar 47.78 cm t0 -0.241. Mortalitas total adalah 0.99 per tahun dengan mortalitas alami sebesar 0.50 per tahun dan mortalitas penangkapan 0.48 per tahun. Laju eksploitasi sebesar 0.49 per tahun. viiKata kunci: Ikan Layang Delles, Dinamika Populasi, Pengelolaan, Palabuhan Ratu

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ABSTRACTScad fish delles decapterus macrosoma, one of small pelagic fish resources, in the family of Carangidae has economical value. Information on population of scad fish is needed as the key for its management. The research was conducted from March until May 2014. Samples of the scad fish were collected around the southern area of neritic zone in Palabuhan Ratu Sea. The objective of the research is to estimate the dynamics of existing population ofscadfish delles decapterus macrosoma which includes the relationship between its length and weight, Von bertalanffy growth, the rate of its mortality and exploitation. There are 1017 of scad fish taken as the sample used in this research. The total range of length is between 19 44 cm, which tends to distribute normally.The relationship between the length and weight of scad fish is negativly allometric. In other words, the growth level of length is quicker than its weight. The coefficient of growth K is 0,590 annually, the length of asymptotic L infin is 47,78 cm t0 0,241. The Total of mortality is 0,99 annually with the natural mortality is about 0,50 annually. The mortality of fishing is 0,48 annually and the exploitation rate is 0,49 annually. Keywords Scad Fish Delles, Dinamics Population, Sustainable Management, Pelabuhan Ratu."