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"The majority of female batik workers uses non-ergonomic chairs (dingklik) that pose risks of musculoskeletal disorders.This study aimed to design an ergonomic chair and evaluate its effectiveness in reducing musculoskeletal disordersamong the workers. This is a quasi-experimental study (using one group pre and post-test design) on 50 female batikworkers selected by quota sampling. Musculoskeletal disorders were measured among the samples before and after theuse of the designed ergonomic chair which they were asked to use for two months. T-test, ANCOVA, Wilcoxon test,McNemar test and Chi Square test were used for the analysis. The study found statistical significant differences of riskfactor against musculoskeletal disorders among the workers before and after their use of the designed ergonomic chair(p< 0.05); and of musculoskeletal disorders before and after using the ergonomic chair (p= 0,035). Body Mass Index(BMI) was identified as a confounding factor, and statistical significant difference of musculoskeletal disorders werealso found among the workers with <25 and >25 BMI even before and after using the ergonomic chair (p=0.033 andp=0.015 respectively). By ANCOVA statistical test, after controlling BMI, another statistical difference ofmusculoskeletal disorders was also identified before and after using the ergonomic chair (p=0.033). It is concluded thatthe designed ergonomic chair is effective to reduce the risk of musculoskeletal disorders."

"ABSTRAK Disertasi ini membahas model faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi depresi, kecemasandan stres pada mahasiswa S1. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan disain crosssectional. Hasil factor analysis pada sumber masalah, didapat sumber masalah ada 3faktor yaitu komunikasi dan adaptasi, personal dan emosional. Hasil structure equationmodeling, bahwa faktor sumber masalah dan faktor harga diri berhubungan signifikanterhadap terjadinya depresi, kecemasan dan stres pada mahasiswa S1. Sumber masalahmerupakan faktor yang paling mempengaruhi depresi, kecemasan, dan stress padamahasiswa S1. Hasil penelitian menyarankan perlu ditambahkan program/kegiatanseperti pelatihan, seminar, talk show, dan diskusi tentang peningkatan harga dirimahasiswa.

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ABSTRACT This dissertation discusses the model of factors that influence depression, anxiety and

stress in undergraduate students. This research is quantitative with cross sectional

design. The results of factor analysis on the source of the problem, the source of the

problem is that there are three factors, namely communication and adaptation, personal

and emotional. The results of structure equation modelling, that the problem and selfesteem

factors are significantly relate to depression, anxiety and stress in undergrasuate

students. The problem is the most affects depression, anxiety, and stress in

undergrasuate students. The results of the study suggest that programs / activities need

to add such as training, seminars, talk shows, discussions, about increasing student selfesteem.

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"Perawatan Metode Kanguru (PMK) memerlukan pendekatan yang komprehensif di antaranya sarana yang ergonomis untuk memperbaiki postur dan mengurangi risiko keluhan muskuloskeletal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang desain sofa ergonomis dan mengetahui efektivitasnya dalam memperbaiki postur dan menurunkan risiko keluhan muskuloskeletal pada ibu yang melakukan PMK. Desain penelitian pada tahap I adalah Research and Development. Pembuatan virtual human dan virtual sofa design menggunakan software Jack Tecnometrix Siemens. Desain Penelitian tahap II adalah pre and post test experimental controlled group design. Pengukuran postur duduk menggunakan Rapid Upper Body Limb Assessment (RULA). Pengukuran keluhan muskuloskeletal menggunakan Nordic Body Map (NBM). Kelompok intervensi adalah ibu yang menggunakan sofa ergonomis PMK sedangkan kelompok kontrol adalah ibu yang menggunakan kursi yang tersedia di rumah sakit. Hasil pengukuran keluhan muskuloskeletal diketahui pada umumnya ibu mengalami keluhan pada berbagai anggota tubuh. Keluhan yang paling banyak antara lain pada bagian bokong (55.1%), pinggul (42%), bahu kanan dan kiri (37.7%), punggung (37.7%), pinggang (36.2%). Berdasarkan uji Mann-Whitney diketahui kelompok kontrol memiliki postur tubuh yang lebih berisiko mengalami keluhan muskuloskeletal dibandingkan kelompok intervensi dengan p value = 0.000. Berdasarkan uji Mc Nemar diketahui bahwa setelah dilakukan intervensi, kelompok kontrol memiliki keluhan muskuloskeletal yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok intervensi yaitu pada bagian leher atas (p value = 0.000), bahu kiri (p value = 0.008), bahu kanan (p value = 0.002), tengkuk (p value = 0.021), lengan kiri atas (p value = 0.031), dan punggung (p value = 0.031). Desain sofa ergonomis PMK berpotensi menurunkan risiko keluhan muskuloskeletal pada ibu yang melakukan PMK. Postur tubuh kelompok intervensi memiliki risiko lebih rendah mengalami keluhan muskuloskeletal dibandingkan kelompok kontrol. Setelah dilakukan intervensi, kelompok intervensi memiliki keluhan muskuloskeletal yang lebih rendah dibandingkan kelompok kontrol yaitu pada leher atas, bahu kiri, bahu kanan, tengkuk, lengan kiri atas, dan punggung. Rumah sakit diharapkan dapat menyediakan fasilitas kursi yang ergonomis untuk menunjang PMK sehingga postur duduk menjadi lebih baik dan menurunkan risiko keluhan muskuloskeletal.

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Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) requires a comprehensive approach, including ergonomic means to improve posture and reduce the risk of musculoskeletal disorders. The aim of study was to design an ergonomic sofa design and determine its effectiveness in improving posture and reducing the risk of musculoskeletal disorders and in mothers who perform KMC. The research design in phase I was Research and Development. Developing virtual human and virtual sofa designs using the Jack Tecnometrix Siemens software. Research Design Phase II research is a pre and post test experimental controlled group design. Measurement of sitting posture using the Rapid Upper Body Limb Assessment (RULA). Measurement of musculoskeletal complaints using the Nordic Body Map (NBM). The intervention group was the mother who used the KMC ergonomic sofa while the control group was the mother who used the existing chair that available at the hospital for KMC. The measurement of musculoskeletal was known in general, mothers experience complaints in various parts of the body. The most common complaints were the buttocks (55.1%), hips (42%), right and left shoulders (37.7%), back (37.7%), waist (36.2%). Based on the Mann-Whitney test, it is known that after intervention the control group has a posture that is more at risk of experiencing musculoskeletal complaints than the intervention group with a p value = 0.000. Based on the Mc Nemar test, it was found that after intervention, the control group had higher musculoskeletal complaints than the intervention group, namely in the upper neck (p value = 0.000), left shoulder (p value = 0.008), right shoulder (p value = 0.002), nape (p value = 0.021), left upper arm (p value = 0.031), and back (p value = 0.031) The design of the KMC ergonomic sofa has the potential to reduce the risk of musculoskeletal complaints among mothers who perform KMC. Posture of the intervention group had a lower risk of experiencing musculoskeletal complaints than the control group. After the intervention, the intervention group had lower musculoskeletal complaints than the control group, namely in the upper neck, left shoulder, right shoulder, nape, upper left arm, and back. Hospitals are expected to be able to provide ergonomic chair facilities to support KMC so that the sitting posture becomes better and reduces the risk of musculoskeletal complaints."

"Cedera terkait jatuh pada lanjut usia diidentifikasi sebagai masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang memiliki konsekuensi besar dalam mempengaruhi kualitas hidup lanjut usia. Identifikasi risiko jatuh penting dilakukan dalam upaya deteksi dini dan pencegahan untuk menurunkan morbiditas dan mortalitas akibat jatuh pada lansia. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengembangkan instrumen penilai risiko jatuh pada lansia di masyarakat, dengan memodifiksi instrumen IFRAT (Indonesian Fall Risk Assessment Tool) yang pernah dikembangkan sebelumnya, namun memiliki nilai akurasi yang rendah. Instrumen Modifikasi IFRAT mengidentifikasi risiko jatuh secara multifaktor meliputi status sosiodemografi (umur jenis kelamin, wilayah tempat tinggal), faktor instrinsik (riwayat jatuh seblumnya, riwayat penyakit kronis, depresi, inkontinensia, gangguan penglihatan, gangguan pendengaran dam gangguan keseimbangan) dan faktor ekstrinsik (lingkuran tempat tinggal dan konsumsi obat).Hasil penelitian ini mengidentifikasi prevalensi jatuh pada lansia dalam satu tahun terakhir sebesar 20% dan prevalensi jatuh selama monitoring ssebesar 12,5%. Instrumen M-FRAT memiliki akurasi yang baik berdasarkan nilai Receiver operating characteristic sebesar 0.76; 95%CI (0,688 – 0,824), dengan sensitifitas 71,15% dan spesifisitas 73,26%. Hasil uji kepraktisan menunjukkan bahwa instrumen M-IFRAT dapat diterima dan digunakan di lapangan. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa instrumen M-IFRAT akurat dan praktis untuk menilai risiko jatuh pada lansia di masyarakat.

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Fall-related injuries in the elderly are identified as a public health problem that has major consequences in affecting the quality of life of the elderly. One in four elderly people fall every year. Early detection of fall risk is useful in primary prevention efforts to reduce morbidity and mortality in the elderly caused by fall. This study is aimed at developing an instrument for assessing the risk of falls in elderly living in the community dwelling, by modifying the former instrument called IFRAT (Indonesian Fall Risk Assessment Tool) that has a low accuracy level. The Modified IFRAT identifies the risk of falling in a multifactorial approach including sociodemographic status (age, gender, region of residence), intrinsic factors (previous fall history, history of chronic disease, depression, incontinence, visual impairment, hearing loss and balance disorders) and extrinsic factors (home environment hazard and medication).

The study identified the prevalence of falls in the elderly in the past year by 20% and the prevalence of falls during monitoring of 12.5%. The M-FRAT instrument has good accuracy based on the Receiver operating characteristic score of 0.76; 95%CI (0.688 – 0.824), with a sensitivity of 71.15% and a specificity of 73.26%. The practicality test show that the M-IFRAT is practical and acceptable to be applied in community. It can be concluded that the M-IFRAT is accurate and practical to assess the risk of falls in the elderly in the community."