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Abstrak :
Jamur tiram putih Pleurotus ostreatus merupakan salah satu jenis jamur yang paling banyak dibudidayakan di dunia. Nutrien yang tersedia di dalam media tanam merupakan faktor yang mempengaruhi terhadap pertumbuhan jamur. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengisolasi bakteri pemicu pertumbuhan jamur dan meneliti pengaruhnya dalam pertumbuhan miselia jamur dan mempelajari pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan tubuh buah jamur pada konsentrasi berbeda 50 dan 75 . Sembilan belas bakteri diisolasi dari media tanam jamur tiram putih dan diamati pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan miselia jamur tiram putih. Tiga isolat bakteri dengan hasil pertumbuhan miselia terbaik kemudian diidentifikasi berdasarkan sekuensing 16S rRNA dan konstruksi pohon filogenetik dilakukan dengan metode neighbor-joining menggunakan aplikasi MEGA versi 6.06 dengan 1000x bootstraps. Berdasarkan pertumbuhan miselia pada media PDA, terlihat bahwa terdapat perbedaan antar perlakuan dalam jumlah hari yang dibutuhkan bagi miselia untuk tumbuh memenuhi cawan petri 3 hari lebih cepat dibanding kontrol dan diidentifikasi sebagai Bacillus cereus strain ATCC 14579, Bacillus aryabhattai strain B8W22 dan Acinetobacter pittii strain ATCC 19004. Terjadi peningkatan kecepatan tumbuh miselia, jumlah tubuh buah, panjang tangkai, dan berat basah tubuh buah jamur tiram putih terhadap penambahan ekstrak B. aryabhattai pada media tanam. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penambahan ekstrak isolat bakteri memiliki efek menguntungkan bagi pertumbuhan jamur. ...... White oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus is one of the most widely cultivated mushrooms in the world. Nutrients available in the growth medium are factors that affect the growth of fungi. The study aimed to isolate the bacteria that promote the growth of the mushroom and studied its effect in mycelial growth and studied its effect on the growth of mushroom fruit body at different concentrations 50 and 75 . Nineteen bacteria were isolated from the white oyster mushroom growth media and its effect on the growth of mycelia of white oyster mushrooms was observed. Three isolates of bacteria with the best results on mycelia growth then identified based on 16S rRNA sequencing and phylogenetic tree construction performed by neighbor joining method using MEGA version 6.06 application with 1000x bootstraps. Based on mycelial growth on PDA media, it was seen that there was a difference between treatments in the number of days required for mycelia to grow to fill the petri dish 3 days earlier than control and identified as Bacillus cereus strain ATCC 14579, Bacillus aryabhattai strain B8W22 and Acinetobacter pittii strain ATCC 19004. There is an increase in the growth rate of mycelia, the number of fruit body, the length of the stalk, and the fresh weight of the fruit body of white oyster mushroom by the addition of B. aryabhattai extract on growth medium. The results of this study indicate that the addition of bacterial isolate extracts has a beneficial effect on the mushroom growth.

Abstrak :
Selenium merupakan mikronutien yang penting dibutuhkan tubuh bagi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan, dan banyak digunakan dalam bidang kesehatan. Selenium diperlukan untuk mencegah kerusakan sel dalam tubuh dengan cara melindungi sel-sel jaringan tubuh, menangkal radikal bebas dan bersama-sama dengan vitamin E sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian sebelumnya dilakukan di Laboratorim Biologi LIPI Cibinong, penambahan selenium pada media tanam P. ostreatus sebanyak 25 ppm menghasilkan peningkatan kandungan selenium pada tubuh buah tetapi masih jauh dari kebutuhan tubuh manusia 60 mdash;70 g/hari pada orang dewasa. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis penambahkan senyawa selenium ke dalam media tanam P. ostreatus sehingga dapat meningkatkan produktivitas dan kandungan selenium dalam tubuh buah jamur, dan menganalisis apakah penambahan selenium dapat meningkatkan aktivitas antioksidan pada tubuh buah jamur. Penambahan konsentrasi selenium pada media tanam menggunakan beberapa konsentrasi berbeda yaitu 0, 50, 75, dan 100 ppm. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian untuk melihat hasil produktivitas yaitu dengan menganalisis berat basah, panjang tangkai, diameter tudung, dan untuk menganalisis kandungan selenium pada tubuh buah yaitu dengan menggunakan teknik spektrofotometer serapan atom AAS. Sedangkan untuk menganalisis aktivitas antioksidan yaitu dengan metode ?-carotene bleaching BCB. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produktivitas P. ostreatus mengalami peningkatan setelah dilakukan penambahan konsentrasi berbeda pada media tanam, dianalisis pada hasil berat besar tertinggi tubuh buah diperoleh dengan berat 80,00 6,35 g, diameter tertinggi tubuh buah diperoleh sebesar 10,56 0,43 cm, kandungan selenium pada tubuh buah P. ostreatus mengalami peningkatan setiap penambahan konsentrasi selenium semakin tinggi 100 ppm yaitu sebesar 22,19 ppm, dan nilai aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi setelah penambahan Se pada media tanam yaitu pada perlakuan penambahan Se 50 ppm yaitu sebesar 2,13 0,77 p ...... Selenium is an essential micronutrient which is needed for the body growth and development, and is much used in the health care. Selenium prevents cells damage in the body by protecting the tissues work together with vitamin E as the antioxidant to counteract free radicals. The previous research was conducted in Biology Laboratory of LIPI Cibinong, showed an increase of selenium level in P. ostreatus fruit body after 25 ppm selenium addition in its cultivation medium, but it was still inadequate for human body needs, particularly in adults 60 mdash 70 mg day. The aim of the study was analysis of selenium compound addition into the P. ostreatus culture medium could increase selenium levels, the productivity and antioxidant activity in mushrooms fruit bodies. The addition of selenium concentration in the growing media applied some different concentrations, namely 0, 50, 75 and 100 ppm. The method applied in this research was finding out the productivity by analyzing wet weight, stem length, cup diameter, and selenium content in the fruit body by applying atomic absorption spectrophotometric technique AAS . To analyze antioxidant activity, however, was to apply carotene bleaching BCB. The results showed that the productivity of pleurotus ostreatus increased after conducting some additions of different concentrations on the growing media, which was analyzed as a result of the highest heavy weight of fuit body which was obtained as much as 80,00 6,35 g, the highest diameter of fruit body was obtained as much as 10,56 0,43 cm, the content of selenium in the fruit body of pleurotus ostreatus increased more 100 ppm, namely as much as 22,19 ppm, and the highest value of antioxidant activity after adding selenium on the growing media, as well as additional treatment of 50 ppm selenium, namely as much as 2,13 0,77 p

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Volvariella volvacea (Bull.) Singer 1951 merupakan salah satu jamur yang tumbuh pada limbah pertanian mengandung lignoselulosa. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui karakteristik biokimia media tanam dalam memproduksi jamur merang. Sampel dianalisis kandungan lignoselulosa, karbon dan nitrogen (rasio C/N), gula pereduksi, pH dan total populasi mikroorganisme. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penurunan kadar lignoselulosa, suhu, rasio C/N and total mikroorganisme, namun terjadi kenaikan pH dan gula pereduksi. Penurunan kadar lignin 12,94% pada media daun pisang, 10,35% pada media jerami padi dan 9,50% pada media kapas. Kadar holoselulosa mengalami penurunan 19,96% menggunakan jerami padi; 11,85% menggunakan kapas; dan 4,73% menggunakan daun pisang. Jamur merang pada media kapas menghasilkan produksi tertinggi dalam total berat basah, diameter dan jumlah tubuh buah. Efisiensi biologi tertinggi diperoleh dari diproduksi menggunakan kapas, 17,79%; daun pisang 8,56%; dan jerami padi 7,93%. Analisis statistik menunjukkan tidak adanya perbedaan signifikan dari budidaya menggunakan kapas, jerami padi, dan daun pisang (p<0,05). Kadar gula pereduksi mengalami kenaikan 38,66% menggunakan kapas; 36,57% menggunakan daun pisang; dan 20,17% menggunakan jerami padi. Budidaya jamur merang mengakibatkan pH media tanam menjadi basa dengan akhir pH 8,97 pada jerami padi; pH 8,55 pada kapas; dan 7,95 pada daun pisang.

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ABSTRACT
Volvariella volvacea (Bull.) Singer 1951 is one of the most cultivated mushroom grew on lignocellulosic media. The purpose of study was analyze biochemical characteristic growth on media for production of paddy straw mushroom. The samples were analyzed on lignocellulosic, carbon and nitrogen (C/N ratio), reducing sugar content, pH and total population on microorganism. The results revealed decrease on lignocellulosic content, temperature, C/N ratio and total microorganism, however increased in pH and reduced sugar content. Lignin content decreased 12.94% using banana leaves; 10.35% using paddy straws; and 9.50% using cotton wastes. Holocellulose content decreased 19.96% on paddy straws; 11.85% on cotton wastes; and 4.73% on banana leaves. Cotton waste has the highest production based on the fresh weight, diameter and number of fruiting bodies. The highest biological efficiency, 17.69% produced from cultivation on cotton waste; 8,56% on banana leaves; and 7.93% on paddy straws. Reducing sugar content increased 20.71% on paddy straws; 36.57% on banana leaves; and 38.66% on cotton wastes. Statistical analysis shows no signifficant different from cultivation on cotton wastes, paddy straws and banana leaves (p<0,05). Cultivation of paddy straw mushroom caused pH into alkali with final pH 8.97 on paddy straw; 8.55 on cotton wastes; and 7.95 on banana leaves.

Abstrak :
[Pleurotus ostreatus atau jamur tiram merupakan salah satu cendawan yang dikonsumsi di Indonesia karena tingginya cita rasa dan nilai nutrisi, serta dapat dibudidaya dengan mudah dan murah menggunakan serbuk kayu sebagai media tumbuh. Penelitian bertujuan untuk meneliti pengaruh penambahan A. fumigatus dalam proses pengomposan substrat serbuk kayu untuk media tumbuh P. ostreatus terhadap kualitas kompos dan produksi tubuh buah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suhu, konsentrasi glukosa, xilosa, N-asetilglukosamin mengalami kenaikan, sedangkan nilai pH, kadar selulosa, dan hemiselulosa mengalami penurunan, pada hari ke-0 hingga hari ke-7. Berdasarkan data biokimia tersebut, penambahan A. fumigatus pada saat proses pengomposan meningkatkan kualitas kompos substrat serbuk kayu. Rata-rata kecepatan pertumbuhan miselia per hari pada kelompok perlakuan (1,10 cm) lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan kontrol (1,07 cm) selama 24 hari pengamatan. Analisis uji statistik ANAVA terhadap berat segar tubuh buah P. ostreatus menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda nyata secara signifikan (α=0,05) tetapi diameter tudung tidak berbeda. Penambahan A. fumigatus dalam proses pengomposan serbuk kayu meningkatkan tubuh buah hasil panen P. ostreatus.;Oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus is the most popular edible mushroom in Indonesia because it is delicious and nutritious and can be cultivated easily and inexpensively using sawdust as the substrate The consumption of oyster mushroom is largely because of its taste and nutritional properties The aims of this research were to reveal the effect of A fumigatus addition in composting process using sawdust substrate for P ostreatus growth medium toward compost quality and yield productivity The experiment revealed that the temperature concentration of glucose xylose and N acetylglucosamine increased and the pH value percentage of cellulose and hemicellulose decreased during 7 days of composting process Based on that biochemical parameter addition of A fumigatus during composting process increased sawdust compost quality Mycelia growth rate per day in treatment group 1 10 cm was faster than control group 1 70 cm during 24 days of observation Statistical test analysis using ANAVA for the fresh weight of P ostreatus indicated that the result was significantly different 0 05 but had no significantly different in diameter of the cap Addition of A fumigatus in sawdust composting process increased yield productivity of P ostreatus , Oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus is the most popular edible mushroom in Indonesia because it is delicious and nutritious and can be cultivated easily and inexpensively using sawdust as the substrate The consumption of oyster mushroom is largely because of its taste and nutritional properties The aims of this research were to reveal the effect of A fumigatus addition in composting process using sawdust substrate for P ostreatus growth medium toward compost quality and yield productivity The experiment revealed that the temperature concentration of glucose xylose and N acetylglucosamine increased and the pH value percentage of cellulose and hemicellulose decreased during 7 days of composting process Based on that biochemical parameter addition of A fumigatus during composting process increased sawdust compost quality Mycelia growth rate per day in treatment group 1 10 cm was faster than control group 1 70 cm during 24 days of observation Statistical test analysis using ANAVA for the fresh weight of P ostreatus indicated that the result was significantly different 0 05 but had no significantly different in diameter of the cap Addition of A fumigatus in sawdust composting process increased yield productivity of P ostreatus ]

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Volvariella volvacea (jamur merang) merupakan cendawan pangan yang dibudidaya di negara tropis karena memiliki nilai gizi tinggi dan teknik budidaya yang mudah. Penelitian bertujuan untuk meneliti pengaruh penambahan Aspergillus flavus terhadap kualitas kompos pada substrat limbah kapas (Gossypium sp.) dan produktivitas tubuh buah V. volvacea. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa selama pengomposan, terjadi peningkatan suhu sebesar 27--58°C dan pH 7--8 selama tujuh hari pengamatan. Peningkatan kadar glukosa dan xilosa pada kontrol dan perlakuan terjadi selama lima hari pengomposan, yaitu 0,073--0,143 mg/mL dan 0,045--0,157 mg/mL serta menurun nilainya pada hari ketujuh 0,122--0,123 mg/mL. Kadar selulosa, hemiselulosa dan lignin substrat kapas pada awal pengomposan, 15%, 8% dan 6--7% mengalami penurunan selama penelitian. Produktivitas V. volvacea pada perlakuan dan kontrol selama pemanenan tujuh belas hari menunjukkan nilai 1766 dan 1715 tubuh buah dan berat basah 8700 g dan 8395 g. Hasil uji ANOVA menunjukkan produktivitas jamur merang pada perlakuan dan kontrol tidak memiliki perbedaan signifikan (P >0,05).

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ABSTRACT
Volvariella volvacea (straw mushroom) is an edible mushroom cultivated in tropical countries due to its high nutritious and simple cultivation techniques. The research aims to investigate the effect of A. flavus addition toward the quality of cotton waste compost (Gossypium sp.) and productivity of V. volvacea. The result showed that during composting, there was an increase in compost temperature about 27--58°C and pH compost 7--8 for seven days observation. The rise of glucose and xylose concentration both in the control and treatment group occurred in five days of composting 0,073--0,143 mg/mL and 0,045--0,157 mg/mL respectively, then decreased on the seventh days about 0,122--0,123 mg/mL. The concentration of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin within the substrate of cotton waste in early composting, 15%, 8% dan 6--7% respectively, has been reduced during observation. The productivity of V. volvacea among treatment and control groups during seventeen days cropping yielded 1766 and 1715 fruit body of mushroom and 8700 g, 8395 g fresh weight of mushroom. The outcomes of ANOVA test affirmed that productivity of straw mushroom among treatment and control did not have significant differences (P >0.05).

Abstrak :
Pleurotus ostreatus merupakan jamur pangan yang menggunakan substrat lignoselulosa, sehingga jamur ini mampu mensekresi enzim lignoselulase. Produksi enzim lignoselulase pada P. ostreatus InaCC F209, F216, dan LIPI selama 70 hari pertumbuhan dan hubungan enzim tersebut dengan produksi tubuh buah selama 95 hari pengamatan diamati dan dibandingkan. Supernatan yang diekstrak dari media budidaya digunakan untuk memperkirakan gula reduksi, protein terlarut, dan aktivitas enzim. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan lakase, LiP, dan MnP lebih tinggi ketika ketiga galur P. ostreatus berada dalam fase vegetatif (masa pertumbuhan miselium), sedangkan produksi endoksilanase dan endoglukanase lebih tinggi ketika ketiga galur P. ostreatus berada dalam masa reproduktif. fase (periode pembentukan tubuh buah). Pola aktivitas β-glukosidase menunjukkan variasi antara ketiga strain P. ostreatus. Produktivitas hasil diukur dengan menggunakan parameter waktu panen, bobot basah, jumlah badan buah, diameter pileus dan panjang batang. Pleurotus ostreatus InaCC F209 membentuk badan buah sebanyak tiga kali selama pengamatan 95 hari, isolat P. ostreatus LIPI sebanyak dua kali, dan P. ostreatus InaCC F216 tidak membentuk badan buah.

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Pleurotus ostreatus is a food fungus that uses a lignocellulose substrate, so that this fungus is able to secrete the lignocellulase enzyme. The production of lignocellulase enzymes in P. ostreatus InaCC F209, F216, and LIPI for 70 days of growth and the association of these enzymes with fruit body production for 95 days of observation were observed and compared. The supernatant extracted from the culture medium was used to estimate reducing sugars, dissolved protein, and enzyme activity. The results showed that lacase, LiP, and MnP were higher when the three P. ostreatus lines were in the vegetative phase (mycelium growth period), while the production of endoxylanase and endogilanase was higher when the three P. ostreatus lines were in the reproductive period. phase (the period of formation of the fruiting body). . The β-glucosidase activity pattern showed variations between the three P. ostreatus strains. Yield productivity was measured using the parameters of harvest time, wet weight, number of fruit bodies, pileus diameter and stem length. Pleurotus ostreatus InaCC F209 formed fruit bodies three times during 95 days of observation, P. ostreatus LIPI isolates twice, and P. ostreatus InaCC F216 did not form fruit bodies.