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"ABSTRAKBatik workers are a group at highest risk of acquiring occupational contactdermatitis, especially hand dermatitis. Prevention of using personal protectiveequipment (PPE) does not provide optimal protection therefore other interventionsare needed for secondary prevention. The development of topical agents thatimprove skin barrier function is a promising approach for the management ofhand dermatitis. Topically applied lipids and humectants may interfere with skinbarrier function, and facilitate skin barrier repair. The aim of this study is toevaluate the effectiveness of Cocos nucifera and glycerine for secondaryprevention of hand dermatitis among batik workers.In a double-blind, cross-over randomized study, the effect of glycerine coconutoil-containing cream vs. glycerine alone on skin barrier functions was determinedby assessment after repeated application of moisturizers over a 2-week period inbatik workers with occupational hand dermatitis. As much as 32 batik dyeingand/or rinsing process workers were enrolled in this study for a minimum of 6months with mild to moderate occupational hand dermatitis. Assessment oftransepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin capacitance and the Hand EczemaSeverity Index (HECSI) were made at baseline and day 14.The research showed that the type of hand dermatitis among subjects that occurswere 56 palmar hyperkeratosis, 15.6 interdigital eczema, 12.5 nummularhand eczema, 9.4 pulpitis and 6.3 recurrent vesicular hand eczema. As muchas 96.97 of the subjcts have nail discoloration. 40.6 of the subjects always usePPE were at risk of developing hand dermatitis.After applying 14 days, both moisturizers showed clinical improvement by 20decreased of HECSI and TEWL and 20 increased of skin capacitance. Therewas no statistically significant treatment effect between both moisturizers. Skinstripping result was analyzed using chromatography method showed penetrationat 3rd hour (uptake) and still detected at 12th hour (clearance).The findings of the study support the skin health program for batik workers androutine usage of moisturizers are recommended for a minimal of 12 hours per dayto prevent hand dermatitis."

"Bahan alam menjadi alternatif yang potensial untuk terapi hiperpigmentasi atau pencerah kulit dan juga mempunyai aktifitas sinergis sebagai tabir surya. Salah satunya dari tanaman murbei yang mengandung oksiresveratrol yang bekerja sebagai tyrosinase inhibitor dalam proses melanogenesis. Oksiresveratrol diketahui memiliki kemampuan penghambatan 32 kali lebih kuat daripada asam kojat. Oksiresveratrol larut dalam air dan mudah terdegradasi. Hal tersebut adalah suatu kendala dalam pengembangan sediaan topikal. Penelitian ini akan mempelajari formulasi Nanostructured Lipid Carrier NLC untuk memperbaiki stabilitas zat aktif ekstrak murbei terhadap degradasi, dan sekaligus NLC sebagai sistem penghantaran guna peningkatan penetrasi perkutan dan efektifitasnya sebagai tabir surya dan pencerah kulit.Simplisia akar murbei diekstraksi menggunakan beberapa jenis dan konsentrasi pelarut, ekstrak yang diperoleh dikarakterisasi, penetapan kadar oksiresveratrol, uji penghambatan tirosinase dan aktivitas antioksidan. Ekstrak diformulasi dalam NLC menggunakan optimasi dua metode yaitu mikroemulsi dan evaporasi penguapan pelarut dan pemilihan formula didasarkan pada ukuran partikel NLC, indeks polidispersitas, persen penjeratan, aktifitas penghambatan tirosinase dan antioksidan. Karakterisasi dilanjutkan untuk NLC yang dipilih meliputi zeta potensial, DSC, Difraksi sinar X, dan morfologi. NLC dibuat dalam sediaan gel dan dilakukan karakterisasi gel, uji penetrasi melalui perkutan dan uji stabilitas pada tiga suhu berbeda. Sediaan gel NLC dilanjutkan dengan uji iritasi metode Draize, penentuan SPF metode Petro dan aktifitas perlindungan kulit secara in vivo, uji iritasi metode HET CAM, dan uji iritasi metode patch test pada subjek. Subjek yang memenuhi syarat uji iritasi mengikuti uji efektifitas gel NLC secara in vivo dan dilakukan pengukuran indeks melanin menggunakan Dermalab.Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ekstraksi menggunakan metanol 100 memberikan kadar oksiresveratrol paling tinggi, sedangkan ekstraksi menggunakan etanol 96 memberikan aktifitas penghambatan tirosinase dan antioksidan paling tinggi. Ekstrak etanol 96 diformulasi menjadi NLC dengan konsentrasi surfaktan 7 dan metode evaporasi penguapan pelarut. Tingkat penetrasi gel NLC dan stabilitas oksiresveratrol lebih tinggi dibandingkan sediaan gel ekstrak akar murbei. Gel NLC tidak memberikan efek iritasi pada hewan kelinci yang diabrasi maupun yang tidak diabrasi, tidak ada iritasi membran mukosa menggunakan uji HET CAM dan pada subjek. Gel NLC memiliki aktifitas perlindungan kulit dari sinar UV dibandingkan gel ekstrak akar murbei (p< 0.05.)

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Natural ingredients become potential alternatives as hyperpigmentation or skin lightening agents and also have synergistic activities as sunscreen. One of natural ingredients is mulberry plant possessing oxyresveratrol that acts as a tyrosinase inhibitor for melanogenesis. This research studied the formulation of Nanostructured Lipid Carrier NLC to improve the stability of the active ingredient of mulberry extract against degradation and as a delivery system to enhance percutaneous penetration and its effectiveness as sunscreen and skin lightening.

Mulberry roots were extracted using several solvents with variuos ratios. The extracts were characterized for oxyresveratrol content, tyrosinase inhibition activity and antioxidant activity. The extract was then formulated into NLC using two optimized methods ie microemulsion and solvent evaporation. The resulting particles of NLC were selected based on particle size, polydispersity index, tyrosinase inhibitory activity and antioxidant activity. The characterization of the particles performed for further selection included zeta potential, DSC profile, X-ray diffraction profile, and the entrapment efficiency. The selected NLC was formulated into topical gel characterized for percutaneous penetration and stability at three different temperatures. In addition, the gel was further evaluated for SPF value by Petro method and in vivo skin UV protection activity, and irritation on human volunteers, rabits and eggs with HET CAM method. The volunteers eligible for the irritation test were topically administered the gel for in vivo efficacy as lightening agent by determination of melanin index using Dermalab.

The results showed that the extraction using 100 methanol gave the highest oxyresveratrol content, whereas the extraction using 96 ethanol gave the highest tyrosinase inhibitory activity and antioxidant activity. The 96 ethanol extract was formulated into NLC with 7 surfactant concentration using solvent evaporation method. The penetration rate and oxyresveratrol stability of the gel containing the selected NLC were higher than those of the gel containing the extract. The gel demonstrated no irritating effect on both skin abration and non-abration rabbits, no mucosal membrane irritation on eggs and human volunteers. The gel containing the selected NLC displayed better skin-protection activity from UV rays and skin lightening activity compared to the gel containing the extract (p<0.05)."