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"ABSTRACTTujuan: Menilai keamanan injeksi intrakamera levofloksasin 0,5 sediaan tetes mata dosis tunggal 0,6 mL steril tanpa pengawet pada hewan coba kelinci. Desain: Penelitian ini merupakan uji eksperimental dengan desain paralel, acak, tersamar terhadap hewan coba kelinci albino New Zealand White . Metode: Dua puluh empat mata dari dua belas ekor kelinci dibagi kedalam ketiga kelompok, kelompok pertama LFX mendapat perlakuan injeksi intrakamera levofloksasin 0,5 sediaan tetes mata dosis tunggal steril tanpa pengawet 0,6 mL n = 6 , kelompok kedua CRAV mendapat injeksi intrakamera levofloksasin 0,5 sediaan tetes mata botol 5 mL n = 6 dan kelompok ketiga BSS mendapat balanced salt solution intrakamera sebagai kontrol n = 12 . Hasil: Skor klinis pada hari 1, 3, 5, dan 7 tidak menunjukkan adanya perbedaan antara ketiga kelompok. Perubahan klinis maksimal yang ditemukan berupa kekeruhan kornea ringan serta sel dan flare ringan dalam bilik mata depan. Pemeriksaan histopatologi tidak menunjukkan adanya perbedaan statistik kelainan akibat efek toksik yang signifikan pada semua kelompok. Vakuolisasi endotel ditemukan pada semua kelompok sehingga tidak signifikan sebagai perubahan akibat efek toksik. Kesimpulan: Injeksi intrakamera 0,1 mL levofloksasin 0,5 dalam sediaan tetes mata dosis tunggal 0,6 mL steril tanpa pengawet memiliki keamanan yang sama dengan sediaan tetes mata botol 5 mL tanpa pengawet pada mata hewan coba kelinci dalam hal perubahan klinis dan histopatologis."

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""ABSTRACT"Purpose To evaluate the safety of intracameral injection of levofloxacin 0,5 eye drop single dose 0,6 mL preservative free LFX on rabbit eye. Methods This was an experimental, pararel, and randomized study. Twenty four eyes of twelve New Zealand White rabbit were divided to three groups. First group LFX were treated with 0,1 mL intracameral injection levofloxacin 0,5 eye drop single dose 0,6 mL preservative free n 6 , second group CRAV were treated with 0,1 mL intracameral levofloxacin 0.5 eye drop bottle 5 mL preservative free n 6 , and third group BSS were treated with 0,1 mL intracameral injection balanced salt solution n 12 . The clinical evaluation was performed on day 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th. Each eye was enucleated on day 7th and underwent histopathology examination. Results The clinical scores among three groups did not show any significant difference on day 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 7th p 0.05 . Mild corneal opacity, mild cells and flares in anterior chamber were the only noted in clinical scores. Histopathology score demonstrated no statistically significant difference between three groups p 0.05 . Vacuolization of corneal endothelial cells were notes in all groups, but not statistically significant.Conclusion Intracameral injection of levofloxacin 0.5 eye drop single dose 0.6 mL preservative free was safe to rabbit eye, in clinical and histopathology scores, similar with levofloxacin 0.5 eye drop bottle 5 mL preservative free"

"Tujuan : Membandingkan hasil biakan bakteri dari spesimen kornea yang diambil dengan metode kerokan dilanjutkan mikrohomogenisasi dan hasil biakan bakteri dari spesimen kornea yang diambil dengan apusan kornea. Desain: Penelitian ini adalah perbandingan potong lintang comparative cross sectional , Metode: Delapan belas subjek yang dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok terandomisasi, Kelompok A kerokan dilakukan pertama, apusan kedua , dan kelompok B apusan dilakukan pertama, kerokan kedua . Pada analisis data kedua metode kerokan dan apusan dipisahkan kemudian dibandingkan. Hasil: Proporsi Gram sesuai biakan pada teknik Kerokan-Mikrohomogenisasi sebesar 6/13 46.2 , proporsi Gram sesuai biakan pada teknik Apusan sebesar 5/13 38.5 . Nilai p uji McNemar adalah 1.000 p> 0.05 . Proporsi biakan positif pada teknik Kerokan-Mikrohomogenisasi sebesar 13/18 72.2 , proporsi biakan positif pada teknik apusan sebesar 9/18 50 . Nilai p uji McNemar adalah 0.219 p> 0.05 . Nilai uji kesesuaian Kappa dari teknik kerokan mikrohomogenisasi terhadap apusan kornea adalah 0.333. Kesimpulan: Hasil biakan bakteri dari spesimen kornea yang diambil dengan metode Kerokan dilanjutkan Mikrohomogenisasi memiliki angka biakan positif yang lebih besar dibandingkan biakan bakteri dari spesimen kornea yang diambil dengan apusan kornea namun tidak bermakna secara statistik. Kata kunci : apusan kornea; biakan bakteri; kerokan mikrohomogenisasi

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Purpose To compare the results of bacterial culture that specimens was taken by the corneal scrapings followed by microhomogenization method and bacterial culture that specimens was taken by corneal swabs. Methods This study was cross sectional comparisons, which 18 subjects were divided into two randomized groups Group A scrapings performed first, smear performed second , and group B smear performed first, scrapings performed second . In data analysis both methods scrapings and swabs are separated then compared. Results The proportion of Gram corresponding culture in scrapings Microhomogenization technique was 6 13 46.2 , the proportion of Gram corresponding cultures in smear technique was 5 13 38.5 . McNemar test p value is 1.000 p 0.05 . The proportion of positive cultures in scrapings Microhomogenization technique was 13 18 72.2 , the proportion of culture positive on smear technique was 9 18 50 . McNemar test p value is 0219 p 0.05 . Kappa suitability test value is 0.333. Conclusion The results of bacterial culture that specimens was taken by the corneal scrapings followed by microhomogenization have a culture positive larger than bacteria cultures that specimens was taken by a swab of the cornea but not statistically significant. Keywords bacterial cultures corneal swabs scrapings microhomogenization "

"ABSTRAKPT.X adalah pabrik Keramik perlengkapan makan dengan sistem produksiterintegrasi yang menghasilkan produk mulu kualitas eksport. Pemakaian bahan baku danmekanisme peralatan kerja di industri keramik pada umunmya menggunakan panas tinggiSerta bahan baku yang dapat menimbulkan pajanan debu di tempat kerja. Dampak daridebu di tempat kerja salah satunya dapat menyebabkan gangguan pada mata berupaKonjungtivitis dengan keluhan mata terasa gatal, pedih, rasa berpasir, silau serta matamerah dan berair.Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan studi pengamatan, terhadap |96 orangpekerja bagian produksi sebagai responden selama 8 jam. Pengumpulan data dilakukandengan cara pengisian kuesioner , pemeriksaan mata dan hasil pengukuran Tes SchirmerSerta pengukuran lingkungan.Hasil penelitian dari responden pada PT.X didapatkan insidens Konjungtivitissebesar l4,8% dari seluruh populasi. Dari 196 responden , yang terdiri dari Iaki-laki danwanita , didapmkan tiga keluhan terbanyak yaitu mata terasa gatal (35,2%), mam terasapedih (34,7%), dan mata terasa silau (25,5%) clan tanda-tanda pada mata merah padakonjungtiva (35,7%) Serta mata berair (20,4%). Hasil analisa slatistik multivariatdidapatkan responden dengan nilai tes Schirmer yang abnormal (5 10 mm) dan mempunyairiwayat alergi mempunyai risiko yang lebih besar mengalami Konjungtivitis .

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AbstractThe ?X? Factory manufacturing tablewares ceramic with integrated system production.The Ceramic raw material substances, machinery and the ceramic process exposed airbomedust which hazardous to worker?s health. The employee who suffered by those exposeddust will cause Conjunctivitis.The Research method is Observational Cohort, toward 196 employee as sample in 8 hourstime work. The source data were collected with a self rating questionnaire. The workerswere surveyed and screened with physical examination on eyes, Schrimer?s test andenvironment measurement.The result show the ?X? factory insidens of Conjunctivitis is about l4,8% of totalpopulation. From |96 respondents amongst male and female workers, the most commonaffecting inconvenience are itching eye (35,2%), pain eye (34,7%), and photofobhia (25,5%),Conjunctiva injection or red eye (35,7%) and watering eye (20,4%). Workers who have anabnormal values of Schrimer?s test (5 10mm), working under high temperature andexposure of dust in working area , suffered more risks of Conjunctivitis."

"Latar belakang: Pajanan MEK dan sinar Ultraviolet dibagian Cementing (pengeleman) dapat mengganggu kesebatan, khususnya kesehatan mata pekelja. Jumlab kasus Konjungtivitis di klinik perusabaan yang selalu masuk !islam sepulub penyakit tetbanyak, sangat meumlk unlak diteliti lebih jauh, apakab kasus konjungtivitis yang terjadi di Perusahaan P sebagai akibat pekerjaan atau bukan sebagai akibat pekerjaan.Merode: Menggunaken metude studi pre dan post, dimana dilakukan intervensi dengan menggunakan chemical goggles. Semua pekerja dibagian Cementing (pengeleman) sejumlan 44 orang yang terpajan uap MEK drul sinar Ultraviolet diikutsertakan dalam penelitian ini. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, pengisian kuesioner dan informed oleh pekelja dan pemeriksan fisik dan status kesehatan mata oleh dokter pemeriksa (bukan peneliti). Pada analisis data dinilai apakeh goggles dapat menurunkan jumlab kasus Konjungtivitis AkibatKerja.Hasil: Jumlab kasus Konjungtivitis Akibat Kerja sebelum penmkaian goggles 59.1% drul pada saat pentakaian goggles 56.8%. Penggonaan goggles pada penelitian ini menjadi kurang efektif disebabkan ketidakdisiplinan responden (68.2%) melepaskan goggles pada waktu bekerja. Ketidakdisiplinan disebabkan karena tingkat pendidikan responden terbesar tarnat SD-SMP sehingga kesadaran akan kesebatan kurang dan juga ketidaknyamanan (70.4%) sehingga responden sering melepaskan gogglesnya. Ketidaknyamanan didnkung dengan suhu lingkangan yang tinggi. Secara statistik tidak ditemukan hubungan yang barmakua (p> 0.05) antam faktor resiko untuk variabel umur, masa kerja, tinggl mata saat duduk, pendidikan dan kesehatan mata ( tes Schirmer) dengan terjadinya Konjungtivitis akibat kerja. Dari analisis uji Me Nemar diperoleb basil dimana tidak ada perbedaan jumlah kasus konjungtivitis sebalum dan setelab penggonaan chemical goggles pada peke!ja yang terpajan uap Metil Etil Keton drul sinar Ultraviolet.Kesimpulan: tidak terdapat perbedaan jumlab kesus konjungtivitis akibat kelja sebelum dan setelab penggunaan chemical goggles pada peke!ja yang terpajan palarut organik Metil Etil Keton dan sinar Ultraviolet dikarenakan ketidakdisiplinan di lingkungan kerja yang panas.

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Background: exposure to MEK and UV mys at cementing division may cause various health problem, especially to the eyes of workers. It is very interesting subject to be studied that the incidence of conjunctivitis in company clinic always be among the most top ten diseases. Have the conjunctivitis occurred because of their job or not?Methods: study was conducted by pre and post design in which post study, respondents were interfered by using chemical goggle. Forty four workers who exposed to MEK and UV miss at cementing division plant 5 were included in tills study. Data was collected by interviewing, questionnaire, physical examination and eyes examination. Analyses of the data had done to assess whether the goggle could reduce the incident of occupation.al conjunctivitis.Results: Not having worn the goggle, the incidence of conjunctivitis among respondents was 59.1 %. Having worn the goggle the incidence of conjunctivitis among respondents was 56.&%. One of the reason was that respondents had not been discipline to wear the goggle. It was happened because most of respondents had have low educational level (elementary and junior high school) that influence to their health awareness. Respondents were also often to release the goggles {70.4%) because the use of goggles had been not convenient. That inconvenient could be result in the temperature so it is necessary to improve working environment. There was no significant relationship (p> 0.05) between risk factors for the variable of age, length of work, height level of the eyes when sitting, education level and health condition of the eyes (shimmer test) with occupational conjunctivitis. Using Me Nemar 1est obtained that there was no significant differences between pre and post the use of chemical goggle on workers who exposed to MEK and UV rays.Conclusions: This study couldn't prove the hypothesis that there had been differences on incideoce of occupational conjunctivitis between pre and post the use of chemical goggle on workers who had exposed to MEK and UV rays."

"Latar Belakang: Tindakan peritomi konjungtiva meningkatkan penanda inflamasi pada permukaan okular dan menyebabkan penurunan densitas sel goblet yang berimplikasi pada ketidakstabilan lapisan air mata. Pemberian HP-guar diharapkan mampu memperbaiki keadaan permukaan okular pasca peritomi konjungtiva 360° dibandingkan kontrol. Tujuan: Untuk menilai efektivitas artificial tears HP-guar dalam melindungi permukaan okular pasien pasca peritomi konjungtiva 360°. Desain: Penelitian prospektif, uji klinis open label. Hasil: Terdapat 23 subjek yang berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Kelompok HP-guar menunjukkan hasil yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol secara signifikan dalam hal TFBUT (9,43+2,20 vs 5,95+1,93, p=0,001), densitas sel goblet (68,73 ±97,49 vs 10,00 ± 22,09,p =0,012), skor epitel (1,73±1.00 vs 4,55±1.57, p=0.000). Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kedua kelompok dalam hal skor lissamine green (1,33±1,55 vs 2,18±1,72, p=0,146) dan IL-6 air mata (60,32 ±17,86 vs 57,44 ±24,67, p=0,782). Kesimpulan: Pemberian HP-guar lebih memperbaiki nilai TFBUT, densitas sel goblet dan epitel konjungtiva dibandingkan kontrol. HP-guar tidak berpengaruh terhadap skor lissamine green dan kadar IL-6 air mata.

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Background: Conjunctival peritomy, a step commonly done in ocular surgery, increases ocular surface inflammation and decreases goblet cell density (GCD) that could lead to tear film instability. Hydroxypropyl-guar (HP-guar) is expected to improve ocular surface related to conjunctival peritomy.

Purpose: To evaluate HP-guar effectiveness in protecting ocular surface after conjunctival peritomy.

Methods: Randomized controlled trial, open label study, on subjects underwent scleral buckling surgery.

Result: Twenty-three participants were involved in this study. The HP-guar group showed statistically better results compared to the control group regarding Tear-film break-up time (TFBUT) (9,43±2,20 vs 5,95±1,93, p=0.001), GCD (68,73 ±97,49 vs 10,00 ± 22,09,p =0.012), and epithelial score (1.73±1.00 vs 4.55±1.57, p=0.000). No statistical differences were found between groups in lissamine green score (1.33±1.55 vs 2.18±1.72, p=0.146) and IL-6 tear fluid level (60.32 ±17.86 vs 57.44 ±24.67, p=0.782).

Conclusion: The addition of HP-Guar to regular treatment after conjunctival peritomy increases TFBUT, goblet cell density, and improves conjunctival epithelial cells. HPguar has no effect on ocular surface inflammation."

"Tesis ini bertujuan untuk menilai stabilitas LAM mata kering terkait sindrom Sj gren SS yang diberikan terapi kombinasi tetes mata sodium hialuronat 0,1 SH dan hydroxypropyl HP -guar, atau monoterapi tetes mata sodium hialuronat SH. Sebanyak 17 pasien SS dalam penelitian ini dibagi ke dalam 2 kelompok. Kelompok pertama mendapatkan kombinasi SH dan HP-guar sementara kelompok kedua mendapatkan terapi SH. NIKBUT, Schirmer, skor pewarnaan okular dan sitologi impresi, serta keluhan subjektif yang dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah pemberian obat. Setelah terapi selama 28 hari, terdapat peningkatan median NIKBUT, Schirmer, skor pewarnaan okular, densitas sel Goblet dan keluhan subjektif pada mata kering terkait SS.

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The objectives of the study is to assess the stability of dry eye LAM associated with Sj gren syndrome SS given combination therapy of sodium hyaluronate 0.1 SH and hydroxypropyl HP guar, or monotherapy sodium hyaluronic SH. A total of 17 SS patients in this study were divided into 2 groups. The first group received a combination of SH and HP guar while the second group received SH therapy. NIKBUT, Schirmer, ocular staining score and impression cytology, as well as subjective complaints made before and after drug administration. After 28 days of therapy, there was a median increase in NIKBUT, Schirmer, ocular staining scores, Goblet cell density and subjective complaints on SS related dry eyes. "

"Latar Belakang: Uveitis infeksi di Indonesia berkisar antara 30-60% dari total kasus uveitis. Identifikasi patogen etiologi infeksi sangat penting agar dapat diberikan terapi antimikroba yang sesuai dengan segera sehingga komplikasi kebutaan dapat diminimalisir. Dewasa ini, perkembangan teknologi biologi molekuler menggunakan metode Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) untuk deteksi uveitis infeksi sedang berkembang pesat.

Tujuan: Melakukan uji validasi diagnostik pada metode PCR Multiplex dibandingkan dengan metode PCR Tunggal.

Metodologi: Uji diagnostik untuk menentukan sensitivitas dan spesifisitas dari alat Real-Time PCR Multiplex terhadap PCR Tunggal dari spesimen cairan intraokular humor akuos yang diambil dari parasentesis bilik mata depan. Dilakukan pemeriksaan PCR terhadap patogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tuberculosis), Toxoplasma gondii (T.gondii), Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV), Cytomegalovirus, dan Treponema pallidum.

Hasil: Dilakukan analisis uji diagnostik pada 46 subjek penelitian. Didapatkan hasil sensitivitas sebesar 57.14% dan spesifisitas sebesar 100%. Positivity rate terbanyak didapatkan untuk patogen VZV (n=4), dan tidak didapatkan hasil positif terhadap deteksi patogen M.tuberculosis. Patogen T.pallidum berhasil dideteksi sebanyak 4.34% (n=2) oleh PCR Multiplex.

Kesimpulan: Metode PCR Multiplex pada penelitian ini memiliki sensitivitas yang rendah dengan spesifisitas yang tinggi. Hasil positif pada PCR Multiplex dapat bermanfaat untuk mendiagnosis pasien dengan uveitis infeksi.

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Background: In Indonesia, infectious uveitis represents 30-60% of the country’s total uveitis cases. The identification of etiological pathogens is imperative to immediately select and administer the appropriate antimicrobial therapy in infectious uveitis, thereby complications of blindness can be minimized. Currently, the development of molecular biology technology using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method for detection of infectious uveitis pathogens is growing rapidly.

Objective: To compare the diagnostic validation test results of the Multiplex PCR method and Single PCR method.

Method: Diagnostic test to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the Multiplex Real-Time PCR device against the Single PCR of aqueous humor intraocular fluid specimens taken from anterior chamber paracentesis. PCR examinations were carried out to identify the pathogens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tuberculosis), Toxoplasma gondii (T.gondii), Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV), Cytomegalovirus, dan Treponema pallidum.

Result: A diagnostic test analysis was performed on 46 study subjects. The results obtained 57.14% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Highest positivity rate was obtained for VZV pathogens, while positive results were not obtained for M.tuberculosis. There were 4.34% of subjects (n = 2) of T. pallidum were detected by PCR Multiplex. 

Conclusion: The PCR Multiplex method in this study has low sensitivity with high specificity. A positive result on Multiplex PCR can be useful for diagnosing patients with infectious uveitis."