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Abstrak :
Barium strontium titanate (BST) or Ba1-xSrxTiO3 with x=0-1 possesses superior dielectric properties, which are widely used in many applications like in communication technology, electronic instrumentations, and various electrical devices. In this paper, the characterization of the particle and crystallite size of Ba1-xSrxTiO3 (x: 0; 0.3; 0.7) is described. A two-step refinement commenced: first by mechanical milling, and then a further refinement under ultrasonic irradiation in a high power sonicator was applied to Ba1-xSrxTiO3 (x: 0; 0.3; 0.7) particles. The crystalline powders were obtained through mechanically alloyed standard research grade BaCO3, TiO2, and SrCO3 precursors in a planetary ball mill.The powders were first found heavily deformed after 60 hours of milling and then went through a sintering process at 1200°C for 4 hours to form multicrystallite particles. The presence of a single phase in the three samples was solidly confirmed in their respective X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. The changes of multicrystallite particles into monocrystallite particles were obtained only after crystalline powders were irradiated ultrasonically in a high power sonicator. The processing variable during ultrasonic irradiation was limited to the duration time of irradiation and particle concentration in the exposed media. It is shown that the average sizes of BST particles at x=0; 0.3; 0.7 before ultrasonic irradiation were 353, 348, and 385 nm, respectively. These respective sizes decreased drastically to 52, 35, and 49 nm, respectively, after 12 hours of ultrasonic irradiation. These particle sizes are almost identical with that of their crystallite size. Hence, the synthesis of monocrystallite particles has been achieved. As the particle concentration of media takes effect, it is shown that an exposed media with a higher particle concentration tends to form multicrystallite particles.

Abstrak :
An efficient and rapid method for preparation of Au nanoparticles (Au-NP) has been developed by direct microwave irradiation of metal precursor and alginate mixed solution in a single step. Here, alginate molecules act as both the reducing and stabilizing agents of Au-NP. The obtained nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UVVis) spectroscopy, particle size analyzer, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The nanoparticles have a spherical form and perfectly capped with alginate when using alginate and chloro auric acid (HAuCl4) precursor in the concentration range of 0.50 to 0.75% (w/v) and 0.40 mM, respectively. The use of a lower concentration of alginate and/or higher concentration of HAuCl4 caused agglomeration to occur, thereby resulting in a bigger size of Au-NP and red shifting of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak to a higher wavelength.

Sintesis Nanopartikel Au yang Distabilkan Alginat dengan Bantuan Gelombang Mikro. Sintesis nanopartikel Au (Au-NP) dengan metode yang cepat dan efisien dalam hitungan menit telah berhasil dilakukan dengan teknik iradiasi menggunakan gelombang mikro terhadap campuran garam prekursor dan alginat dalam satu langkah. Molekul alginat berperan sebagai pereduksi maupun penstabil Au-NP. Nanopartikel yang diperoleh dikarakterisasi dengan spektroskopi ultraviolet-visible (UV?Vis), particle size analyzer, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy dan transmission electron microscopy. Nanopartikel yang diperoleh berbentuk bulat dan terlapisi sempurna oleh alginat pada rentang konsentrasi alginat dalam rentang 0,50?0,75% (w/v) dan prekursor HAuCl4 0,20 mM. Pada konsentrasi alginat yang lebih rendah dan/atau konsentrasi HAuCl4 yang lebih tinggi, aglomerasi cenderung terjadi dan menghasilkan ukuran partikel Au-NP yang lebih besar serta pergeseran panjang gelombang surface plasmon resonance (SPR) ke nilai yang lebih besar.