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"ABSTRAKInisiatif pertumbuhan diri merupakan keterampilan individu dalam mencari kesempatan untuk tumbuh growth sebagai pribadi. Penelitian ini mengkaji peran keyakinan agama dalam menentukan inisiatif pertumbuhan diri. Keyakinan agama umumnya diteliti melalui religiusitas, sementara dalam Al-Qur rsquo;an cukup banyak ayat yang mendorong agar manusia bertindak progresif memperbaiki kehidupan, yang sejauh ini belum cukup dikaji dalam psikologi. Apakah orang yang meyakini nilai-nilai Islam yang mendorong kemajuan akan lebih baik dalam inisiatif pertumbuhan diri? Pertanyaan ini dijawab melalui religiusitas dan keyakinan pada nilai-nilai Islam progresif dengan meneliti pengaruhnya terhadap inisiatif pertumbuhan diri. Religiusitas merupakan keyakinan kepada Tuhan, praktek ibadah, dan pengalaman religius, sementara keyakinan pada nilai Islam progresif adalah keyakinan akan pentingnya berpikir logis, memperbaiki diri, bekerja keras, dan meyakini kemampuan diri. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 769 mahasiswa di Jakarta dan Padang, dengan alat ukur berupa skala inisiatif pertumbuhan diri dari Robitschek et.al. 2009, 2012 , skala religiusitas dan skala nilai Islam progresif yang dibuat sendiri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, ldquo;religiusitas bersama-sama dengan keyakinan pada nilai Islam progresif berpengaruh terhadap inisiatif pertumbuhan diri rdquo;. Artinya, orang dengan keyakinan Islam yang memiliki kecenderungan aktif memperbaiki diri adalah orang yang cenderung religius dan mempedomani nilai-nilai Islam yang mendorong untuk berpikir logis, aktif memperbaiki diri, bekerja keras, dan meyakini kemampuan diri.

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ABSTRACTPersonal growth initiative is an individual skill of seeking opportunities to grow as a person. This study examines the role of religious belief in determining personal growth initiatives. Religious beliefs is generally examined through religiosity, while in the Al Qur 39 an a quite number of verses encourage people to progressively improve their lives, which so far have not been adequately studied in psychology. Do people who believe in Islamic values that promote development will be better at personal growth initiative This question is answered through religiosity and belief in progressive Islamic values by examining its influence on personal growth initiative. Religiosity is a belief in God, a practice of worship, and religious experience, while belief in progressive Islamic values is a belief in the importance of logical thinking, self improvement, hard work, and self confidence. The study was conducted on 769 students in Jakarta and Padang. The personal growth initiative was measured by personal growth initiative scale PGIS II Robitschek et.al., 2009, 2012 . New measures were developed to assess religiosity and progressive Islamic values. The results is religiosity and belief in progressive Islamic values both have a positive influence on personal growth initiative . It means, the people with Islamic beliefs that have active tendency to improve themselves are people who tend to be religious and promote Islamic values that encourage to think logically, actively improve themselves, work hard, and confidence to their self ability."

"Memberikan sesuatu sebelum meminta memperbesar peluang untuk dikabulkan. Kebanyakan penelitian menggunakan pemberian dan permintaan yang bersifat normatif. Belum diketahui kesediaan mengabulkan jika pemberian ataupun permintaan kontranormatif. Tiga studi eksperimental dilakukan untuk memeriksa manakah di antara tipe pemberian dan tipe permintaan yang berpengaruh terhadap kesediaan mengabulkan. Penelitian ini juga memeriksa dua mekanisme potensial yang berperan dalam kesediaan mengabulkan, yaitu terima kasih dan utang budi. Studi pertama bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek biaya pemberian (low-cost, medium-cost, hi-cost) dan sifat permintaan (normatif vs. kontranormatif) terhadap kesediaan mengabulkan. Ditemukan semakin tinggi biaya, semakin dikabulkan pemberian. Studi kedua bertujuan menguji efek sifat pemberian (normatif vs. kontranormatif) dan sifat permintaan (normatif vs. kontranormatif) terhadap kesediaan mengabulkan. Hasil menunjukkan orang yang menerima pemberian kontranormatif, lebih bersedia mengabulkan permintaan. Meskipun demikian, permintaan normatiflah yang cenderung dikabulkan. Hasil juga menunjukkan semua pemberian (baik normatif maupun kontranormatif) menimbulkan rasa terima kasih dan utang budi. Ada indikasi utang budi memprediksi kesediaan mengabulkan permintaan normatif. Studi ketiga bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon emosi manakah (terima kasih vs. utang budi) yang berpengaruh terhdap kesediaan mengabulkan. Utang budi memprediksi kesediaan mengabulkan permintaan kontranormatif. Dapat disimpulkan, pemberian biaya tinggi dan pemberian kontranormatif meningkatkan kesediaan mengabulkan meskipun orang cenderung mengabulkan permintaan yang normatif saja. Utang budilah yang berperan dalam kesediaan mengabulkan permintaan normatif dan kontranormatif.

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Studies have suggested that giving favor before asking for a request is more effective that request alone. Experiments have showed consistent results, in which favor and request exemined were limited to procosial-normative favor and request only. Little is known on how much a person is willing to comply to request that violates the norms after benefit from favor that also violates the norms (counternormative). Three experiments were conducted to investigate the types of favor and types of request that influence compliance. These experiments examined two potential mechanism contributed to compliance: gratitude and indebtedness. Experiment one was conducted to examine the effect of favor cost (low-cost, medium-cost, hi-cost) and type of request (normative and counternormative request) on compliance. Results found that the favor cost increased the compliance. Experiment two was conducted to examine the effect of type of favor (normative and counternormative favor) and type of request (normative and counternormative request) on compliance. The result found that counternormative favor increased compliance. However, normative request tended to be granted. Results also suggested that all favor evoked gratitude and indebtedness, however only indebtedness predicted compliance toward normative request. Experiment three was conducted to examine the role of gratitude and indebtedness on compliance. Results suggested that indebtedness predicted compliance toward counternormative request. In conclusion, hi-cost and counternormative favor increased compliance. Normative request was more to be granted than counternormative request. Indebtedness was found as a predictor for compliance toward normative as well as counternormatif request. "

"Tes Potensi Manajerial ini dirancang berdasarkan ranah kognitif dan digunakan sebagai tesseleksi untuk calon karyawan. Sampel penelitian adalah karyawan berkinerja kerja kurang berkinerja rata rata berkinerja baik dan berkinerja istimewa di manajemen tingkatpertama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan subyek paling lama bekerja selama 10 tahun dimanajemen tingkat pertama ini N 322 Pengolahan data menggunakan program BILOGMGv3 SPPS PASW STATISTICS 18 dan LISREL 8 72. Hasil pengujian validitas konstruk membuktikan tes potensi manajerial dibangun oleh kemampuan kognitif dan kemampuanmetakognitif. Tes potensi manajerial merupakan tes prediksi terhadap kinerja. Potensi manajerial bersama sama dengan kreativitas memberikan pengaruh positif terhadap kinerja. Begitu pula dengan faktor pengalaman belajar berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerjadan memberikan sumbangan besar terhadap peningkatan kinerja. Bagi subyek berkinerja diatas rata rata khususnya subyek berkinerja istimewa telah dibuktikan bahwa potensi manajerial tinggi yang dimiliki berpengaruh kuat terhadap kinerja istimewanya.

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Managerial Potential Test which is designed based on the cognitive domain will be used asa selection test for prospective employees. The research sample are below averageperformers average performers good performers and superior performers at the first linemanagement position. The data represented first line managers with a maximum 10 years working experience N 322. The data was processed by using program BILOGMGv3 SPPS PASW STATISTICS 18 and LISREL 8 72. The construct validity of the managerial potential test developed based on the cognitive and metacognitive skills areproven. The managerial potential test is designed as a prediction test for employees managerial performance. Managerial potential together with the creativity ability aresignificantly proven to have a positive influence on performance. In addition the learningfactor has a positive effect on performance and contribute significantly to the performance improvement. Employees whose performance are above average in particular those whohave a very superior performance are due to their high managerial potential. In other words the managerial potential has a significant influence on their performance."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk menjawab pertanyaan tentang 1 pembingkaian informasi seperti apakah yang paling mempengaruhi sikap terhadap program perubahan organisasi dan 2 bagaimanakah gaya kognisi memoderasi pengaruh pembingkaian informasi pada sikap terhadap program perubahan organisasi. Perspektif yang digunakan untuk menguji dua pertanyaan tersebut adalah expectancy value model of attitude dan cognitive-experiential self theory. Dengan menggunakan desain quasi eksperimental, dalam penelitian ini dilakukan manipulasi terhadap empat strategi pembingkaian informasi yaitu pembingkaian aksi positif, aksi negatif, atribut positif, dan atribut negatif. Data dikumpulkan dari 358 middle manager PT Pos Indonesia melalui case scenarios-questionnaires dan dianalisis melalui ANCOVA untuk pertanyaan pertama dan moderated multiple regression untuk pertanyaan kedua. Temuan penelitian menunjukan; 1 pembingkaian aksi positif paling mempengaruhi sikap terhadap program perubahan organisasi. 2 Gaya intuitif memiliki fungsi ganda; tidak hanya meningkatkan efek positif pembingkaian aksi negatif dan atribut positif, tetapi juga memperlemah pengaruh pembingkaian atribut negatif pada sikap terhadap program perubahan organisasi. 3 Gaya analitik memperlemah efek positif pembingkaian aksi positif pada sikap terhadap program perubahan organisasi. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi bagi pengembangan teori informasi, framing effect, dan memperkaya teori Gaya Kognisi dalam pembentukan sikap.

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ABSTRACTThis research aims to find out the answer of 1 strategy in information framing as what is the most dominant influence of attitude towards organizational change program and 2 how is analytic style and intuitive to moderate the influence of information framing on attitude towards organizational change program. Perspective used to examine those two question are expectancy value model of attitude and cognitive experiential self theory. This research using quasi experimental design and does manipulation towards four strategies of information framing that are positive action framing, negative action, positive attribute, and negative attribute. Data is collected from 358 middle managers of PT Pos Indonesia through case scenarios questionnaires and processed through ANCOVA to answer first question and moderated multiple regression for second question. The finding shows 1 positive action framing influences most dominant on attitude towards organizational change program. 2 Intuitive style has double role, not only increasing positive effect of negative action framing and positive attribute framing, but also weakening the influence of negative attribute framing on attitude towards organizational change program. 3 Analytic style weakening positive effect of positive action framing on attitude towards organizational change program. This current study contributes to the development of theories of information, framing effects, and to the enrichment of the cognition theory in the formation of attitudes."

"Persuasi adalah usaha penyampai pesan agar penerima pesan berespon sesuai dengan tujuannya. Usaha ini dilakukan di hampir semua bidang kehidupan. Orang tua mempersuasi anak, guru mempersuasi murid, politikus mempersuasi konstituennya dan produsen mempersuasi konsumennya.Luasnya bidang cakupan persuasi mendorong munculnya berbagai penelitian mengenai faktor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan persuasi. Sejauh ini, kebanyakan penelitian berpusat pada faktor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan persuasi yang bersifat argumentatif.Karena penelitian-penelitian itu tidak membawa hasil yang memuaskan, timbullah usaha untuk meneliti efektivitas pesan yang bukan bersifat argumentatif, melainkan bersifat naratif. Pesan naratif ternyata mengurangi kecenderungan penerima pesan untuk memberikan argumen tandingan, karena pesan naratif membuat penerima pesan hanyut dalam alur cerita.Disertasi ini menguraikan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dengan metode eksperimen dalam konteks perilaku ramah lingkungan. Ditemukan bahwa persuasi naratif terbukti lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan persuasi argumentatif. Selanjutnya juga ditemukan bahwa pesan naratif yang dibingkai dengan risiko kerugian individual ternyata lebih efektif daripada pesan yang dibingkai dengan risiko kerusakan lingkungan.

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Persuasion is an attempt to delivers message so the receiver able to respond accordingly. This purpose exists in all of our life aspect. Parents persuade their child, teacher persuade their student, politician persuade their constituent and producer do it as well to their consumers. The breadth of this field encourages many studies about factors that influenced the effectiveness of persuasion process.So far, most of the existing studies focused on factors that influenced to the effectiveness of persuasion with an argumentative type. However, due to unsatisfying results made from these previous studies, there is an attempt, which instead focused on the persuasion with argumentative type, it is focused on a narrative persuasion type. Narrative message type is apparently reduced the receiver tendency to give a counter argument by made them transported into the plot of a story.This research outlined findings through an experimental method with the pro environmental behaviour as its context. It was found that narrative persuasion type significantly effective compared to the argumentative type. Further, it was also proved that a narrative message type which is framed by an individual lost risk was likely more effective compare to a message which framed by an environmental lost scenario."

"Belaskasih dibutuhkan pekerja sosial tetapi belum ada alat spesifik yang mengukur kemampuan tersebut, termasuk memprediksi kompetensi belaskasih calon pekerja sosial. Meski belaskasih dapat dipandang sebagai kompetensi, teori yang ada lebih banyak mendefinisikan belaskasih sebagai emosi Goetz, Keltner, Simon-Thomas, 2010; Lazarus, 1991. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan alat ukur belaskasih terutama untuk seleksi calon pekerja sosial. Terlebih dahulu penelitian ini merumuskan belaskasih sebagai kompetensi yang terdiri dari hasrat membantu, kearifan membantu dan rencana tindakan membantu. Penelitian ini juga mengembangkan alat ukur kompetensi belaskasih bagi pekerja sosial berpengalaman untuk validasi alat ukur seleksi 100 orang pekerja sosial mengisi alat ukur belaskasih, prediksi belaskasih, spiritualitas, pengalaman emosi positif, nilai, analisis kasus belaskasih dan kemampuan berpikir kritis.Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa belaskasih dapat diukur sebagai kompetensi. Pengujian reliabilitas menggunakan Cronbach dan diperkuat dengan Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Validasi dilakukan melalui uji validitas terkait kriteria menggunakan Behavioral Event Questionnaire BEQ Belaskasih. Untuk pengujian validitas konstruk hasrat membantu, terdapat korelasi signifikan dengan spiritualitas, pengalaman emosi positif dan nilai universalisme serta nilai kebajikan, sementara korelasi tidak signifikan terbukti dengan nilai kekuasaan. Untuk pengujian validitas konstruk kearifan membantu, terdapat korelasi signifikan dengan analisis kasus belaskasih dan kemampuan berpikir kritis, sementara korelasi tidak signifikan terbukti dengan nilai konformitas.

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Compassion is a requirement for social workers. However, there has not been a specific instrument to measure the it, nor to predict the competency for social workers to be. Although it can be regarded as a competency, the majority of theories define compassion as an emotion Goetz, Keltner, Simon Thomas, 2010 Lazarus, 1991. This study was aimed to develop an instrument to measure compassion as a competency, especially for selection use. This research firstly formulated the definition of compassion competency as an ability consisted of a drive, wisdom and action plan to help. The next step was constructing a competency measurement for experienced social workers as a criterion to validate the selection measurement tool. 100 social workers participated in this research, completing the measurement of compassion competency, compassion competency prediction, spirituality, positive emotion experiences, values, compassion case analysis, and critical thinking ability.The result showed that compassion could be measured as a competency. Reliability testing applied in this study were Cronbach rsquo s and Confirmatory Factor Analysis CFA. Criterion related validity used Compassion Behavioral Event Questionnaire BEQ. To test construct validity of compassion drive predictor, significant correlations was found between the predictor and spirituality, positive emotion experiences, and self transcendence values universalism and benevolence, while an unsignificant correlation was found between the predictor and power value. To test construct validity of compassion wisdom predictor, significant correlations was found between the predictor and compassion case analysis and also critical thinking ability, while significant correlation between the predictor and conformity value was not found. "

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat respons saksi dalam perilaku cyberbullying. Dalam penelitian ini, terdapat dua studi korelasional yang dilakukan. Studi 1 berkaitan dengan respons saksi yang dilihat berdasarkan faktor individu dan melalui pendekatan Theory of Planned Behavior TPB . Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan responden sejumlah 117 mahasiswa dari beberapa universitas yang terdapat di Jabodetabek. Sementara itu, SEM PLS digunakan untuk menganalisis prediksi keseluruhan model TPB mengenai respons saksi di dalam cyberbullying. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sikap, norma subjektif, dan persepsi kendali perilaku dapat memprediksi intensi. Di antara ketiga variabel tersebut, sikap adalah variabel paling dominan yang memengaruhi respons saksi. Selanjutnya, ditemukan bahwa faktor kondisi ragam relasi saksi memiliki peranan dalam hubungan antara intensi dan respons saksi terhadap cyberbullying. Pada studi ke-2, peneliti memasukkan ragam relasi sebagai moderator antara sikap, norma subjektif, dan persepsi kendali perilaku. Pada studi 2 tersebut, ditemukan bahwa dari keempat kondisi ragam relasi saksi dengan pelaku dan korban, kondisi relasi saksi tidak mengenal pelaku dan korban adalah kondisi yang paling memengaruhi hubungan antara sikap dengan intensi. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengurangi dan menghentikan perilaku cyberbullying, perlu dilakukan penguatan diri personal melalui sikap setiap individu. Penguatan diri personal tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan menumbuhkan kesadaran diri mengenai bahaya cyberbullying. Untuk melaksanakan hal tersebut, diperlukan peran dan dukungan dari orang-orang di lingkungan sekitar individu; seperti kepedulian menciptakan susana sehat. Perilaku saling menghargai dan menghormati dalam berinteraksi di dunia maya menjadi cerminan tingginya norma subjektif. Di samping itu, persepsi kendali perilaku dapat ditumbuhkan dengan cara meningkatkan kemampuan asertif, empati, kepedulian sosial, dan membangun relasi yang baik terhadap sesama.

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This study examines the response of bystander in cyberbullying. There are two correlational studies conducted. Study 1 relates to bystanders 39; s response viewed by individual factors and through the Theory of Planned Behavior TPB approach. This research was conducted with respondents of 117 students from several universities located in Jabodetabek. Meanwhile, SEM PLS was used to analyze the overall prediction of the TPB model of bystander response in cyberbullying. The results show that attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control can predict the intention. Among the three variables, attitudes are the most dominant variables that influence the response of bystander. Furthermore, it was found that the variation factor of the bystander relation relationship had a role in the relationship between the intention and the bystander response to cyberbullying. In the second study, the researcher included the variety of bystander relationships as moderators between attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived of behavioural control. In the second study, it was found that from the four conditions of the various relations of a bystander with the perpetrators and victims, the condition of the bystander relation did not recognise the perpetrator and the victim was the condition that most affected the relationship between attitude and intention. The implications of the study are to reduce and to stop cyberbullying behaviour; it is necessary to strengthen the personal self through the attitude. Growing self-awareness can do personal self-reinforcement about the dangers of cyberbullying. Furthermore, the role and support of people in the individual 39;s surroundings are required; such as caring to create a good internet sharing. The behaviour of mutual respect and respect in interacting in the virtual world becomes a reflection of the high subjective norm. Also, perceived of behavioural control can be grown by increasing assertiveness, empathy, social awareness, and building good relationships with others."

"Penelitian ini berusaha menjawab inkonsistensi hasil penelitian hubungan antara kepemilikan psikologis dan inisiatif perubahan (perilaku keterlibatan aktif dan perilaku menolong) dengan menguraikan peranan dari faktor kontekstual (dukungan organisasi), faktor individual (rasa kebersamaan), dan tipe-tipe kepemilikan psikologis. Menggunakan sampel dari dua perusahaan jasa (profesi dan non-profesi), yakni Kantor Akuntan Publik X (KAP X, N=117) dan BUMN Jasa Konstruksi Z (BUMN Z, N=93), studi menemukan bahwa saat tipe organisasi tidak dikontrol, rasa kebersamaan memoderasi hubungan antara kepemilikan psikologis berbasis pekerjaan dan perilaku keterlibatan aktif. Rasa kebersamaan memperkuat efek kepemilikan psikologis berbasis pekerjaan untuk karyawan menampilkan perilaku keterlibatan aktif. Analisis pada masing-masing sampel perusahaan menemukan efek yang berbeda. Pada KAP X, dukungan organisasi berperan sebagai penyangga (substitute effect) terhadap efek negatif kepemilikan psikologis yang rendah pada perilaku keterlibatan aktif. Saat kepemilikan psikologis berbasis pekerjaan rendah, dukungan organisasi yang tinggi menjadi penyangga untuk karyawan menampilkan perilaku keterlibatan aktif. Tetapi, saat kepemilikan psikologis berbasis pekerjaan tinggi, dukungan organisasi menjadi tidak berperan. Sebaliknya pada BUMN Z, dukungan organisasi menjadi penguat (enhancer effect) hubungan positif antara kepemilikan psikologis berbasis pekerjaan yang tinggi pada keterlibatan aktif. Saat kepemilikan psikologis berbasis pekerjaan tinggi, dukungan organisasi yang tinggi memperkuat perilaku keterlibatan aktif karyawan. Rasa kebersamaan dan dukungan organisasi juga memediasi hubungan antara kepemilikan psikologis (berbasis organisasi dan pekerjaan) dengan perilaku menolong. Pada saat tipe organisasi tidak dikontrol, kedua variabel bersama-sama menjadi mediator. Tetapi saat tipe organisasi dikontrol (KAP X dan BUMN Z), ditemukan peran yang berbeda dari kedua mediator. Pada KAP X, rasa kebersamaan memediasi hubungan antara kepemilikan psikologis berbasis pekerjaan dan perilaku menolong sementara dukungan organisasi memediasi hubungan antara kepemilikan psikologis berbasis organisasi dan perilaku menolong. Sebaliknya pada BUMN Z, dukungan organisasi dan rasa kebersamaan secara simultan memediasi hubungan antara kepemilikan psikologis berbasis organisasi dan perilaku menolong. Secara ringkas, faktor kontekstual dan individual memegang peranan penting dalam memunculkan perilaku menolong dan keterlibatan aktif. Karakteristik pekerjaan yang berbeda juga berpengaruh dalam memunculkan perilaku keterlibatan aktif dan menolong.

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This study seeks to answer the inconsistency research results on the relationship between psychological ownership and change initiatives (taking charge and helping behaviors) by exploring the role of contextual factor (organizational support), individual factor (sense of togetherness), and types of psychological ownership.

Using the samples from two service organizations (profession and non-profession), which is Accounting Firm (KAP) X (KAP X, N=117) dan State- Owned Enterprise (BUMN) Construction Services Z (BUMN Z, N=93), this study find that when type of organization is not controlled, sense of togetherness moderates the relationship between job-based psychological ownership and taking charge. Sense of togetherness strengthens the effects of job-based psychological ownership within employees to demonstrate taking charge. Analysis in individual organization samples find different effects. In KAP X, organizational support acts as buffer (giving substitute effect) upon the negatif impact of low job-based psychological ownership on taking charge. When job-based psychological ownership is low, high organizational support becomes buffer for employess to demonstrate taking charge. However, when job-based psychological ownership is high, organizational support loss its role. On the other side in BUMN Z, organizational support acts as enhancer upon the positive impact of high job-based psychological ownership on taking charge. When job-based psychological ownership is high, high organizational support enhances employees? taking charge behavior.

Sense of togetherness and organizational support also mediate the relationship between psychological ownership (organizational- and job-based) and helping. When type of organization is not controlled, both variables simultaneously mediate such relationship. However, when type of organization is controlled (KAP X and BUMN Z), the two mediators give different effects. In KAP X, sense of togetherness mediates the relationship between job-based psychological ownership and helping while organizational support mediates the relationship between organizational-based psychological ownership and helping. On the other side in BUMN Z, organizational support and sense of togetherness simultaneously mediate the relationship between organizational-based psychological ownership and helping. In brief, contextual and individual factors play important roles in emerging helping and taking charge behaviors. Different business characteristics also have a role in such emergence. "