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"Penelitian bertujuan mengisolasi kapang manuskrip kuno kertas Eropa asal Perpustakaan Fakultas Ilmu Pengetahuan Budaya Universitas Indonesia, mengetahui kemampuan kapang-kapang tersebut tumbuh pada kertas Eropa dan kemampuan selulolitiknya, serta mengidentifikasinya. Hasil isolasi dan pemurnian pada medium DG 18 menghasilkan 11 isolat kapang. Penapisan isolatisolat menunjukkan 9 isolat memiliki kemampuan tumbuh pada substrat kertas Eropa. Penapisan menggunakan Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) dan Congo red memberikan indikasi delapan isolat memiliki enzim selulase berupa endoglukanase. Hasil identifikasi konvensional berdasarkan karakter morfologi menunjukkan kapang-kapang tersebut adalah Aspergillus E.FIB.UI.1.1.2, Aspergillus E.FIB.UI.1.2, Aspergillus E.FIB.UI.4.2, Aspergillus E.FIB.UI.5.3, Penicillium E.FIB.UI.2.1.1, Penicillium E.FIB.UI.2.1.2, Penicillium E.FIB.UI.2.8, mycelia sterilia E.FIB.UI.1.1.1, dan mycelia sterilia E.FIB.UI.3.3.

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This research was to isolate fungi from the Library of Faculty of Humanities of Universitas Indonesia, to screen cellulolytic isolates that grow on old manuscripts of European papers and to identify the isolates. Eleven mould isolates were obtained on medium DG 18 Agar. Nine isolates were able to grow on European papers. Eight isolates were able to grow on Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) and Congo red indicating they have endoglucanase.

Identification by conventional method showed that they were Aspergillus E.FIB.UI.1.1.2, Aspergillus E.FIB.UI.1.2, Aspergillus E.FIB.UI.4.2, Aspergillus E.FIB.UI.5.3, Penicillium E.FIB.UI.2.1.1, Penicillium E.FIB.UI.2.1.2, Penicillium E.FIB.UI.2.8, mycelia sterilia E.FIB.UI.1.1.1, and mycelia sterilia E.FIB.UI.3.3."

"Salah satu jenis lebah tidak bersengat yang dapat dijumpai di kampus Universitas Indonesia adalah Tetragonula aff. minor. Penelitian mengenai lebah tersebut perlu dilakukan untuk menunjang upaya konservasi. Penelitian yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman polen yang menjadi pakan leba Tetragonula aff. minor yang dibiakkan di kampus Universitas Indonesia, Depok. Proses pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada bulan November 2019 pukul 09.30--13.30. Sampel polen dikoleksi dari korbikula lebah yang sedang melakukan perjalanan kembali ke sarang. Preparasi sediaan polen dilakukan dengan metode asetolisis. Sediaan polen kemudian diamati dan dihitung di bawah mikroskop cahaya pada perbesararan 10x10 dan 10x40. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lebah Tetragonula aff. minor mengoleksi polen dari 10 jenis kelompok tumbuhan yaitu Asystasia gangetica (rumput israel), Caesalpinia pucherrima (kembang merak), Carica papaya (Pepaya), Cocos nucifera (kelapa), Dendrophthoe pentandra (benalu), Mimosa sp. (putri malu), Morinda citrifolia (mengkudu), Lagestroemia sp. (bungur), famili Cyperaceae, dan famili Poaceae. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Wiener adalah 1,431 dan nilai kemerataan 62,1%, menunjukkan keanekaragaman dan kemerataan sedang. Berdasarkan data tersebut diketahui bahwa lebah Tetragonula aff. minor memiliki spektrum diet polilekti dan menunjukkan perilaku konsisten dalam pemilihan bunga selama satu kali perjalanan pencarian makan.

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One of stingless bee that can be found in University of Indonesia campus is Tetragonula aff. minor. Therefore, research about T. aff. minor has to be done to support conservation action. Research conducted to gather information about the diversity of pollen that collected by T. aff. minor in University of Indonesia, campus Depok area. Sample collected in November 2019 at 09:30--13:30. Pollen samples collected from the corbicula of stingless bee that traveling back to the hives. Pollen preparation has done by acetolysis method. After preparation, pollens are observed and counted under light microscope in 100x and 400x magnifications. Result shows that T. aff. minor collected pollens from 10 kind of plants; Asystasia gangetica (chinese violet), Caesalpinia pulcherrima (peacock flower), Carica papaya (papaya), Cocos nucifera (coconut), Dendrophthoe pentandra (mistletoe), Mimosa sp. (mimosa), Morinda citrifolia (noni), Lagerstroemia sp. (crape-myrtle), family of Cyperaceae, and Poaceae. Shannon-Wiener diversity index value is 1,431 and evenness value is 62,1%, classified as moderate diversity and evenness. Based on this research, it is known that T. aff. minor has polilecty diet spectrum and show individual floral constancy during a foraging trip."

"Produksi plastik yang terus meningkat disertai sistem pengelolaan yang buruk menyebabkan tercemarnya lingkungan oleh limbah plastik. Pencemaran tersebut juga terjadi pada lautan dan daerah pesisir. Vegetasi mangrove di daerah pesisir dapat berperan sebagai perangkap bagi limbah plastik. Plastik-plastik yang terperangkap biasanya merupakan plastik dengan ukuran besar atau biasa disebut dengan makroplastik. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara kerapatan mangrove jenis pohon, pancang, dan semai dengan kelimpahan makroplastik di Suaka Margasatwa Pulau Rambut, DKI Jakarta. Pengambilan data kerapatan mangrove dilakukan pada plot kuadran 10 x 10 m yang tersebar di 30 titik pada 7 stasiun pengamatan. Pengambilan data kelimpahan makroplastik dilakukan pada sub-plot kuadran berukuran 1 x 1 m yang berada di dalam plot kuadran mangrove dengan 3 kali pengulangan. Data-data tersebut kemudian dianalisis menggunkan uji korelasi Spearman. Terdapat korelasi signifikan yang bersifat positif sangat kuat antara kerapatan mangrove jenis pohon dengan kelimpahan makroplastik di Suaka Margasatwa Pulau Rambut. Kerapatan mangrove jenis pancang dengan kelimpahan makroplastik di Suaka Margasatwa Pulau rambut memiliki korelasi yang tidak signifikan dan bersifat negatif sangat lemah. Terdapat korelasi signifikan yang bersifat positif lemah antara kerapatan mangrove jenis semai dengan kelimpahan makroplastik di Suaka Margasatwa Pulau Rambut.

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Plastic production continues to increase accompanied by poor management systems that causes environmental pollution by plastic waste. Pollution also occurs in the oceans and coastal areas. Mangrove vegetation in coastal areas can act as a trap for plastic waste. Trapped plastics are usually large plastics or commonly known as macroplastics. This research was conducted to determine the correlation between the density of mangrove tree species, saplings, and seedlings with macroplastic abundance in Pulau Rambut Wildlife Reserve, DKI Jakarta. Mangrove density data was collected in 10 x 10 m quadrant which was spread over 30 points at 7 observation stations. Data collection on macroplastics abundance was carried out in the 1 x 1 m sub-plot quadrant which placed inside the mangrove quadrant plot with 3 repetitions. These data were then analyzed using the Spearman correlation test. There is a significant positive and very strong correlation between the density of mangrove tree species with the macroplastics abundance in Pulau Rambut. The density of sapling mangroves with macroplastic abundance in Pulau Rambut has an insignificant correlation and is very weakly negative. There is a significant correlation that is weak positive between the density of mangrove seedlings and the macroplastics abundance in Pulau Rambut."

"Bucephalandra adalah tanaman endemik Kalimantan yang populer dalam aquascape karena nilai ekonominya yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi karakteristik morfoanatomi spesies Bucephalandra di Kalimantan Barat serta menganalisis hubungan filogenetik menggunakan gen rbcL, matK, dan ITS. Struktur morfoanatomi pada akar, batang, dan daun diidentifikasi melalui sayatan melintang, dengan analisis deskriptif dan kuantitatif. Analisis filogenetik dilakukan dengan metode UPGMA dan Pairwise Distance. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan variasi morfologi seperti warna daun (hijau tua, cokelat, keunguan), bentuk ujung daun (berduri, tumpul), tepi daun (rata, berombak), dan permukaan daun (gundul, licin). Panjang tanaman berkisar dari 6,51—29,73 cm, panjang daun 2,59—9,28 cm, dan lebar daun 0,42—2,27 cm. Panjang batang 1,906—15,316 cm dan diameter batang 0,319—0,849 cm. Jarak internode berkisar 0,193—0,818 cm. Panjang akar 1,78 —4,77 cm dan diameter akar 0,09—0,21 cm. Analisis anatomi menunjukkan karakteristik utama seperti berkas vaskular, mesofil palisade, mesofil bunga karang, stomata, epidermis, kutikula, sel penjaga, korteks, berkas serat, eksodermis, empulur, xilem, floem, endodermis, perisikel, jalur kaspari, dan trikoma. Analisis filogenetik menggunakan gen rbcL, matK, dan ITS menunjukkan delapan spesies memiliki jarak genetik berbeda: 0.00—0.13, 0.00—0.01, 0.00— 0.27, dengan gen rbcL membentuk dua clade, gen matK dua clade, dan gen ITS empat clade.

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Bucephalandra is an endemic Borneo plant that is popular in aquascape due to its high economic value. This study aims to identify morphoanatomical characteristics of Bucephalandra species in West Kalimantan and analyse phylogenetic relationships using rbcL, matK, and ITS genes. Morphoanatomical structures in roots, stems, and leaves were identified through transverse sections, with descriptive and quantitative analyses. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted using the UPGMA and Pairwise Distance methods. The results showed morphological variations such as leaf colour (dark green, brown, purplish), leaf tip shape (spiny, blunt), leaf margin (flat, rippled), and leaf surface (bare, smooth). Plant length ranged from 6.51-29.73 cm, leaf length from 2.59-9.28 cm, and leaf width from 0.42-2.27 cm. Stem length was 1.906-15.316 cm and stem diameter was 0.319-0.849 cm. Internode spacing ranged from 0.193-0.818 cm. Root length was 1.78-4.77 cm and root diameter was 0.09-0.21 cm. Anatomical analysis showed major characteristics such as vascular bundles, palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll, stomata, epidermis, cuticle, guard cells, cortex, fibre bundles, exodermis, pith, xylem, phloem, endodermis, pericellicle, caspari line, and trichomes. Phylogenetic analysis using rbcL, matK, and ITS genes showed eight species had different genetic distances: 0.00-0.13, 0.00-0.01, 0.00- 0.27, with the rbcL gene forming two clades, the matK gene two clades, and the ITS gene four clades."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian tentang preferensi pohon tidur joja (Presbytispotenziani) di Siberut Utara, Kepulauan Mentawai, telah dilakukan pada bulan Februari--Agustus 2010. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui preferensi dan karakteristik pohon tidur joja, serta memetakan pohon tidur tersebut di kawasan kajian. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap satu kelompok joja yang telah terhabituasi penuh. Metode yang digunakan adalah spotobservation. Hasil yang didapat menunjukkan tumbuhan yang dipakai sebagai pohon tidur sebanyak 13 spesies dengan kelimpahan tertinggi pada spesies petpetnuit atau nangka (Artocarpusinteger) sebesar 25,71%. Karakter pohon tidur yang digunakan di antaranya memiliki tinggi 26--30 m, diameter 41--70 cm, lebar tajuk 11--15 m, dan tidak dililit oleh liana. Joja cenderung memilih pohon tidur tertinggi dan terbesar, serta pohon yang dapat memberikan kenyamanan dan keamanan pada saat tidur. Distribusi pohon tidur tersebar di seluruh daerah jelajah (homerange) kelompok joja yang diamati, dengan pola mengelompok. Distribusi pohon tidur dipengaruhi oleh ketersediaan sumber pakan di kawasan kajian.

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ABSTRACTResearch on the sleeping tree preference of joja (Presbytispotenziani) at Northern Siberut, Mentawai Island, was conducted in February to August 2010. This study aims to determine the preferences and characteristics of joja sleeping trees, and to map sleeping trees of joja in the study area. The data were collected from a group of well-habituated joja. Spot observation method used for characterizing the sleeping trees. The results found that the trees used as sleeping trees were found to be 13 species, and they were used repeatedly with highest frequency in petpetnuit or nangka (Artocarpusinteger) amounted to 25,71%. The height of the sleeping trees was within the range 26--30 m, the DBH was 41--70 cm, the diameter of the crown was 11--15 m, and the average 0,41 liana attached on the sleeping trees. Joja usually selected the tallest trees and the trees with the greates DBH. Joja tends to choose the sleeping trees that support the comfort while sleeping and avoid predation risk. The distribution of sleeping trees are clustered all over home range. The distribution of food source within the study area influencing the choice of joja sleeping trees."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian mengenai komunitas epifit telah dilakukan pada cuplikan seluas satu ha di Hutan Kota Muhammad Sabki (HKMS), Kota Jambi. Data diambil pada bulan Januari sampai Februari 2012. Jumlah seluruh pohon 489 individu, 25 individu yang terdiri atas 10 spesies menjadi inang epifit. Pohon inang yang paling banyak dijumpai adalah Hevea brasilliensis, ada 6 individu. Permukaan kulit Hevea brasiliensis memiliki karakteristik yang kasar dan banyak lekukan atau celah, banyak ditumbuhi epifit dengan jumlah 5 spesies. Epifit yang ditemukan terdiri atas Orchidaceae dan 4 suku tumbuhan paku-pakuan (Polypodiaceae, Aspleniaceae, Nephrolepidaceae dan Davalliaceae). Pyrrosia angustata, Microsorum superficiale, Lecanopteris sinuosa dan Drynaria sparsisora.merupakan spesies yang tercatat dari Polypodiaceae. Sementara itu suku lainnya hanya terdiri atas 1 spesies yaitu Aspleniaceae (Asplenium nidus), Nephrolepidaceae (Nephrolepis biserrata), Davalliaceae (Davallia divaricata) dan Orchidaceae (Dendrobium crumenatum). Spesies yang paling banyak tersebar pada petak pengamatan adalah Asplenium nidus, Pyrrosia angustata, Nephrolepis biserrata, Leconopteris sinuosa, Drynaria sparsisora, Dendrobium crumenatum dan Davallia divaricata. Selain terdapat di 7 petak pengamatan, Asplenium nidus juga menempati 7 spesies spesies pohon inang. Epifit yang memiliki Nilai Unggulan tertinggi adalah Lecanopteris sinuosa. Lima spesies epifit masing-masing terdapat di pangkal batang dan batang, dan empat spesies tercatat pada tajuk pohon.

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AbstractResearch on the epiphytic community was performed on a one-hectare sample in Hutan Kota Muhammad Sabki (HKMS), Kota Jambi. The data were collected on January to February 2012. A total of 489 individual trees was recorded, of which 25 individuals of 10 species were hosts of the epiphytes. The most common host tree was rubber tree, Hevea brasilliensis, totalling 6 individuals. The barks of Hevea brasiliensis trees have rough surfaces with many loopholes, overgrown by epiphytes totalling 5 species. The epiphytes recorded consist of Orchidaceae and four fern families (Polypodiaceae, Aspleniaceae, Nephrolepidaceae and Davalliaceae). Pyrrosia angustata, Microsorum superficiale, Lecanopteris sinuosa and Drynaria sparsisora are the species of Polypodiaceae recorded. Meanwhile, the other families each consists of only one species, i.e., Aspleniaceae (Asplenium nidus), Nephrolepidaceae (Nephrolepis biserrata), Davalliaceae (Davallia divaricata) and Orchidaceae (Dendrobium crumenatum). The species that are distributed in most quadrats are Asplenium nidus, Pyrrosia angustata, Nephrolepis biserrata, Leconopteris sinuosa, Drynaria sparsisora, Dendrobium crumenatum and Davallia divaricata. In addition to its occurrence in seven quadrats, Asplenium nidus inhabited also seven of the ten host-tree species. The epiphyte having the highest Prevalence Value was Lecopteris sinuosa. Five species of epiphytes, respectively, occurred on the bases of trees and tree, and only four species was recorded in the tree crowns."

"A research to know the fig wasps of the Universitas Indonesia (UI) and Kebun Raya Bogor (KRB) has been done from January 2010 until December 2010. This research was aimed to record the pollinating and non-pollinating fig wasps of UI and KRB, to later compare the result with reports from previous researches. This research would also confirm whether symbiotic breakdown occurs in the research areas. A total of 56 fig trees and shrubs (from 9 species of fig) in UI and 34 fig trees and shrubs (from 34 species of fig) were chosen to be sampled. From those trees and shrubs, 10 sycone were taken. The wasps were then reared inside the sycone to later be preserved using the method of Noyes (1982). After identification, 7 wasp species were found. Ceratosolen marchali Mayr, Ceratosolen fusciceps Mayr, Liporrhopalum tentacularis Grandi, Philotrypesis pilosa Mayr, Boučeka percaudata Bouček, Apocrytophagus testaceus Mayr, and Apocrypta bakeri Joseph were found. From those wasps, 3 species are pollinators and the rest are non-pollinating fig wasps (NPFW). The wasps were found from Ficus hispida var. hispida, Ficus hispida var. badiostrigosa, Ficus septica, Ficus montana and Ficus glomerata. Some differences between the specimens of this research with the descriptions from other research were explained. Using Krukal- Wallis analysis, this research discovered that the head width (HW) and front femur length (FFL) of Ceratosolen marchali that were found in Ficus glomerata were smaller than the ones found in other fig species (p HW same = 0.0002; p FFL same = 0.0002), while the ovipositor length (OvL) were the same (p OvL same = 1). Though still statistically smaller, the HW and FFL value of the Ceratosolen marchali found in Ficus glomerata were closer to that of Ceratosolen fusciceps. The result of the research also shows that the one-to-one symbiosis between Ceratosolen marchali and its host (Ficus hispida) has been broken. In this research, Ceratosolen marchali were found pollinating Ficus hispida var. hispida, Ficus hispida var. badiostrigosa, Ficus septica, and even Ficus glomerata. For Ficus montana and Ficus glomerata, it seems that their symbiosis with their pollinators were still maintained."