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"Kekuatan sambungan las sangat dipengaruhi oleh kualitas pengelasan. Pengelasan yang terdapat cacat seperti porositas dapat menurunkan kekuatan fatik hingga sepertiga kekuatan fatik. Rancangan awal side frame rangka bogie monorel UTM 125NG lebih banyak menggunakan sambungan pengelasan dibandingkan menggunakan sambungan baut. Oleh karena itu diperlukan perancangan dan mengembangan bogie monorel dengan meminimalkan sambungan pengelasan dan memaksimalkan sambungan baut agar dapat beroperasi lebih baik. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada dudukan axle spindle, yaitu meneliti kekuatan dudukan axle spindle terhadap pembebanan dinamik. Untuk mendapatkan hasil pembebanan dinamik, digunakan perangkat lunak SimWise 4D. Data pembebanan dinamik tersebut di filter menggunakan perangkat lunak NumXL. Data yang telah di filter menjadi parameter masukan pembebanan pada model untuk dilakukan estimasi umur fatik dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak ANSYS.

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The strength of welded joints is strongly influenced by the quality of the welding. Welding defects such as porosity can decrease fatigue strength. Preliminary design of the side frame of monorail bogie UTM 125NG used more welding joints than bolt joints. Therefore, it is necessary to design and develop monorail bogie by minimize welding joints and maximize the bolt joint in order to operate better. This research focused on the axle spindle mounting, which studied of the axle spindle mounting strength characteristics against dynamic load. To obtain dynamic load, SimWise 4D software was used. Those dynamic load data was filtered by NumXL software. The result of filtered data as input for work model load to estimate fatigue life by using ANSYS software."

"[ABSTRAKDalam penelitian ini objek yang dikaji adalah model baru bogie monorel tipe UTM 125 dengan menggunakan sistem suspensi tipe suspended, hasil rancangan dan produk nasional. Tujuan dari penelitian ini secara umum adalah untuk menganalisa karakteristik gaya dinamik dari tiap komponen poros dalam struktur bogie monorel dan secara khusus adalah untuk mengevaluasi tingkat kenyamanan gerak kendaraan monorel. Analisis dan simulasi numerik gerak kereta monorel dilakukan dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak Simwise® dan NumXL®. Penentuan tingkat kenyamanan kendaraan monorel berdasarkan pada standar ISO 2631 dan standar EN 12299:2009. Dari hasil analisa diketahui bahwa gaya dinamik pada arah lateral memberikan pengaruh terjadinya gerak rolling pada struktur carbody dan dari hasil evaluasi kenyamanan diketahui bahwa percepatan arah lateral paling besar terjadi pada struktur carbody yang berada di atas bogie. Secara umum dapat disimpulkan bahwa tingkat kenyamanan kendaraan monorel masih dalam kategori tidak nyaman, sehingga diperlukan penyempurnaan lebih lanjut terhadap sistem dan struktur bogie monorel.

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ASBTRACTIn this research the object being studied is a new type model of monorail bogie UTM 125 by using the suspended type of suspension system, which is designed as national product. The objective of this study in general is to analyze dynamic force characteristics for shaft components in monorail bogie structure and in particular is to evaluate the comfort level of monorail vehicle. Analysis and numerical simulation of monorail train movement is conducted by Simwise® and NumXL® softwares. The determination of the level of monorail car comfort is based on ISO 2631 standards and EN 12299:2009 the standards. From the analysis result has known that the dynamic force in lateral direction give significant effect to rolling motion in carbody structure and also from the comfort evaluation result has known that most of large lateral acceleration occurs on the part of carbody which located above the bogie structures. In general it can be concluded that the comfort level of the monorail vehicle still in the discomfort category, therefore need further refinement to system and structures of the monorail bogie.;In this research the object being studied is a new type model of monorail bogie UTM 125 by using the suspended type of suspension system, which is designed as national product. The objective of this study in general is to analyze dynamic force characteristics for shaft components in monorail bogie structure and in particular is to evaluate the comfort level of monorail vehicle. Analysis and numerical simulation of monorail train movement is conducted by Simwise® and NumXL® softwares. The determination of the level of monorail car comfort is based on ISO 2631 standards and EN 12299:2009 the standards. From the analysis result has known that the dynamic force in lateral direction give significant effect to rolling motion in carbody structure and also from the comfort evaluation result has known that most of large lateral acceleration occurs on the part of carbody which located above the bogie structures. In general it can be concluded that the comfort level of the monorail vehicle still in the discomfort category, therefore need further refinement to system and structures of the monorail bogie., In this research the object being studied is a new type model of monorail bogie UTM 125 by using the suspended type of suspension system, which is designed as national product. The objective of this study in general is to analyze dynamic force characteristics for shaft components in monorail bogie structure and in particular is to evaluate the comfort level of monorail vehicle. Analysis and numerical simulation of monorail train movement is conducted by Simwise® and NumXL® softwares. The determination of the level of monorail car comfort is based on ISO 2631 standards and EN 12299:2009 the standards. From the analysis result has known that the dynamic force in lateral direction give significant effect to rolling motion in carbody structure and also from the comfort evaluation result has known that most of large lateral acceleration occurs on the part of carbody which located above the bogie structures. In general it can be concluded that the comfort level of the monorail vehicle still in the discomfort category, therefore need further refinement to system and structures of the monorail bogie.]"

"Penelitian ini membahas tentang metode pembuatan bodi kendaraan terbang dan analisa dari material yang dihasilkan. Konten penelitian ini meliputi literatur, metode penelitian, dan hasil penelitian. Fokus dari penelitian ini adalah pada teknik pembuatan bodi kendaraan terbang dengan cara menyemprot cetakan bodi yang telah dilapisi kain elastis menggunakan resin. Jenis kain elastis yang digunakan untuk penelitian ini adalah kain yang memiliki kemampuan tahan air dan kain yang menyerap air. Ring cetakan digunakan sebagai rangka dan kain elastis untuk membentuk permukaan kemudian disemprotkan oleh resin agar menjadi lebih keras. Setelah kain elastis mengeras maka fiberglass/karbonfiber dan lapisan microsphere akan ditambahkan untuk memperkuat material. Kemudian uji tarik dan uji bending dilakukan untuk mengetahui kekuatan dan kekakuan material ini. Dari pengujian diperoleh bahwa spesimen GRVeWP kain tahan air memiliki kekuatan yang lebih baik daripada spesimen GRVeWP kain penyerap air dengan tegangan tarik 5 [49] Kg / mm [MPa], perpanjangan 2,26 , dan von misses 1.718e 008 N / m sedangkan kain elastis penyerap air dengan 4 [39 ] Kg / mm [MPa] untuk tegangan tarik, perpanjangan 2,24 , dan von misses 2.736e 008 N / m . Kemudian nilai kuat tarik material komposit hasil dari metode penyemprotan rangka kain elastis menggunakan resin ripoksi vinyl ester type 804 dengan material carbon fiber double layer CRVe adalah sebesar 243,729 MPa dengan beban maksimal 3425.98 N sedangkan apabila ditambah dengan lapisan microsphere CRVeM kuat tariknya menjadi 111,014 MPa dengan beban maksimal 4787,33 N. Untuk hasil uji bending specimen CRVeM memiliki modulus elastisitas yang lebih tinggi yaitu sebesar 9,34493 GPa dengan regangan yang lebih kecil yaitu 1,17423 sedangkan untuk specimen CRVe sebesar 7,42774 GPa dengan regangan lebih besar yaitu 2,48458.

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This study discusses about the method of flying car's body manufacturing and the analysis of the material product. The content of this study includes literature, research methods, and research results. The focus of this research is on the technique of manufacturing the body of a flying car by spraying molded body that has been coated with elastic fabric using resin. The type of elastic fabric used for this research is a cloth that has waterproof properties and a water absorbing properties fabric. Ring mold is used as a frame and elastic fabric to form a surface then sprayed by resin to make it harder. Once the elastic fabric is hardened then fiberglass carbonfiber and microsphere layers will be added to strengthen the material. Then a tensile test and bending test are performed to determine the strength and rigidity of this material. From the test it was found that the GRVeWP specimen waterproof cloth had better strength than the specimen GRVeWP water absorbent cloth with tensile stress 5 49 Kg/mm MPa, elongation 2.26, and von misses 1.718e 008 N m while the water absorbent cloth with 4 39 Kg mm MPa for tensile stress, 2.24% elongation, and von misses 2.736e 008 N m. Then the value of tensile strength of composite material resulting from this spraying method using vinyl ester type 804 ripoksi resin with carbon fiber double layer CRVe material is 243,729 MPa with maximal load 3425.98 N whereas when added with microsphere layer CRVeM its tensile strength becomes 111.014 MPa with maximum load 4787.33 N. For bending test specimen CRVeM has a higher elastic modulus that is equal to 9.34493 GPa with a smaller strain that is 1.17423% while for CRVe specimen of 7.42774 GPa with a larger strain of 2.48458%."

"Latar belakang: Dry socket atau alveolar osteitis (AO) merupakan salah satu komplikasiyang paling umum terjadi pasca ekstraksi gigi permanen dan menjadi salah satukomplikasi yang paling banyak dipelajari dalam kedokteran gigi. Sampai saat ini, terdapatberbagai macam metode preventif yang dapat digunakan dalam mencegah insidensiterjadinya dry socket. Tujuan: Mengevaluasi seberapa efektif perawatan satu metode danyang lainnya dalam pencegahan kasus dry socket serta menganalisis berbagai faktor risikoterkait. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode systematic review dengan pedomanPRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis).Pencarian dilakukan menggunakan tiga basis data, yaitu ClinicalKey, EBSCOHost, danSpringerLink untuk mendapatkan literatur lima tahun terakhir (2016-2020) yangmembahas tentang pencegahan dry socket melalui berbagai metode preventif.Hasil penelitian: Pencarian ini menghasilkan 888 studi dan didapatkan 15 studi untukdianalisis setelah dilakukan seleksi berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yang telahditetapkan. Dari sejumlah studi tersebut, terdapat 9 metode yang berbeda. Kesimpulan:Efektivitas metode preventif yang dianalisis dalam studi ini menunjukkan hasil yangbervariasi. Tiga metode dengan nilai efektivitas tertinggi di atas 80% yaitu Platelet-RichFibrin (PRF), Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP), dan gas ozon dengan nilai berturut-turut100%, 89,2%, dan 80,2%. PRF dan PRP merupakan konsentrat trombosit yang berperanbaik dalam meregenerasi jaringan dan penyembuhan luka. Berdasarkan analisispenelitian ini ditemukan bahwa setiap metode preventif mempunyai kelebihan dankekurangan yang harus dipertimbangkan dalam mencegah terjadinya dry socket dengantetap memperhitungkan faktor risiko terutama jenis kelamin, usia, dan lokasi gigi yangdiekstraksi.

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Background: Dry socket or alveolar osteitis (AO) is one of the most common

complications that occur after permanent tooth extraction and is one of the most studied

complications in dentistry. At this time, various preventive methods that can be used to

prevent the incidence of dry socket have been introduced. Objective: The aim of this

systematic review is to provide data on various dry socket preventative methods and

analyze the associated risk factors. Methods: PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for

Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines are used to conduct this systematic

review. The search criterias for literatures used in this study are studies that discuss dry

socket prevention through various preventative methods that are published in the past 5

years. Results: This search resulted in 888 studies. After further selection based on

predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 15 final studies were selected from the

previous search process and divided into 9 different methods. Conclusion: The

effectiveness of different methods analyzed in this study shows various results. The three

methods with the highest values above 80% are PRF, PRP, and ozone gas with the

respective values of 100%, 89.2%, and 80,2%. PRF and PRP are platelet concentrates

that positively impact tissue regeneration and wound healing. From the analysis of this

study, it was found that each preventive method has its advantages and disadvantages that

must be considered in preventing the occurrence of dry socket while also taking into

account the associated risk factors, especially gender, age, and location of the extracted

teeth."

"Metode sambungan pada desain dudukan pin bolster bogie monorel UTM 125NG menggunakan welding joint dan dari hasil analisa fatik (dengan menggunakan bantuan software Ansys) didapatkan umur komponen kurang dari 106 cycles.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kekuatan dari model dudukan Pin Bolster pada struktur bogie monorel UTM 125NG, sehingga dapat memperpanjang fatigue life dari model dudukan pin bolster.Hasil pengujian dinamik mendapatkan data load history yang akan digunakan sebagai input untuk melakukan analisa tegangan. Faktor koreksi terhadap kekuatan fatik terdiri efek dari kondisi pembebanan (CL), dimensi (CD) dan kekasaran permukaan (CS). Pembebanan yang terjadi pada dudukan pin bolster bogie monorel adalah beban bending bolak-balik, sehingga didapatkan CL = 1,0. Sedangkan efek ukuran (CD) didapatkan 1,0 untuk D ≤ 0,4 in dan CS untuk kondisi material hot-rolled didapatkan sebesar 0,62 (SM490B), 0,48 (AISI1060) dan 0,55 (S45C).Berdasarkan analisa fatik didapatkan bahwa perbaikan metode sambungan pada desain dudukan pin bolster bogie monorel UTM 125NG dengan meminimalkan welding joint dan mengganti menggunakan mechanical joint dapat meningkatkan umur fatik dari dudukan pin bolster tersebut. Umur fatik minimum untuk pin bolster lama sebesar 5,5365 x 105 siklus. Umur fatik untuk pin bolster model 2 dan model 3 mencapai 1 x 108 siklus.

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A connection method of the design of the pin bolster base of UTM 125NG monorail bogie using welding joints and the result of fatigue analysis (by using Ansys-software) find the component fatigue life is less than 106 cycles. The purpose of this research is to increase the fatigue strength of monorail bogie pin bolster base structure, so that it can extend the fatigue life of the base of pin bolster.

The results of dynamic testing obtain data load history that will be used as input to do the stress analysis. Correction factors of fatigue strength are the effect of the condition of the imposition (CL), dimensions (CD) and surface roughness (CS). The loads that occurs on the pin bolster bogie monorail holder is alternating bending loads, so that is obtained CL = 1,0. While the effect size (CD) obtained 1.0 to D ≤ 0,4 in and CS to a condition of hot-rolled material obtained by 0.62 (SM490B), 0,48 (AISI1060) and 0.55 (S45C).

Based on fatigue analysis, it is found that the repair of connection method on the design of monorail bogie pin bolster base by minimizing welding joint and replace it using mechanical joint can increase the fatigue life of the base of pin bolster. Minimum fatigue life of the model 1 pin bolster is 5,5365 x 105 cycles, while the minimum fatigue life of model 2 and model 3 are 1 x 108 cycles."