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"Stratifikasi sosial tertutup seperti kasta merupakan warisan nenek moyang Indonesia yang hingga kini bertahan dan salah satunya pada masyarakat Bali. Dalam kasta ini pembagian kelas dan status sosial sangat tegas dan jelas yakni dari kaum bangsawan (Brahmana dan Ksatria), kaum menengah (Waisya), dan kaum rendah (Sudra). Pembagian status sosial tersebut disesuaikan dengan peran sosial yang dimiliki. Peran sosial yang berbeda sering kali mengakibatkan konflik dan memengaruhi eksistensi mereka. Hal tersebut tergambarkan dalam Novel Tarian Bumi karya Oka Rusmini yang menjadi objek penelitian. Menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dan pendekatan sosiologi sastra, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan eksistensi perempuan Sudra dalam kehidupan perkawinan dengan keluarga Brahmana. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa eksistensi perempuan Sudra memiliki perbedaan yakni ketika sebagai perempuan Sudra dan menjadi bagian dari keluarga Brahmana. Ketika berada di keluarga Sudra, eksistensinya sebagai pribadi diakui. Berbeda ketika dia menikah dan masuk di keluarga Brahmana, eksistensi sebagai perempuan Sudra itu melebur bahkan hilang.  

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Social stratification, the caste system, is an ancestral legacy in Indonesia that persists to this day, particularly evident in Balinese society. Within this caste system, the divisions of classes and social statuses are distinct and clear, namely among the noble class (Brahmins and Kshatriyas), the middle class (Vaishyas), and the lower class (Shudras). These social statuses correspond to the social roles individuals hold. Different social roles often lead to conflicts and impact their existence. This is depicted in the novel 'Tarian Bumi' by Oka Rusmini, which serves as the subject of study. Using qualitative research methods and a sociological literary approach, this study aims to elucidate the existence of Shudra women in marital life within Brahmin families. The research findings indicate that the existence of Shudra women differs when they are within their own Shudra families compared to being part of Brahmin families. While their existence as individuals is recognized within their Shudra family, it often dissolves or even disappears when they marry into a Brahmin family."

"Dalam masyarakat multilingual, peralihan bahasa dalam interaksi sehari-hari umum terjadi berdasarkan alasan atau motif tertentu. Ada banyak cara bagi masyarakat untuk berkomunikasi, salah satunya adalah komunikasi daring. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai alih kode dalam interaksi komunikasi pada video blog SunnydahyeIn, yaitu video Finally Made Korean Fashion Shopping Mall! Hijab Friendly dan Mega Unboxing Spring Aesthetic Korean Hijab Friendly Clothes! What are 2021 K-fashion Trends. Penelitian ini bertujuan memaparkan bentuk-bentuk alih kode dan penyebab terjadinya alih kode dalam kedua video tersebut. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Dari hasil analisis ditemukan tiga tipe alih kode, yaitu alih kode antarkalimat (inter-sentential), ekstrakalimat (extra-sentential/emblematic/tag), dan intrakalimat (intra-sentential). Bentuk alih kode yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah alih kode intra-sentential. Alih kode dengan penyisipan unsur-unsur yang berwujud kata lebih banyak ditemukan dalam data tersebut. Berdasarkan analisis data, penyebab terjadinya alih kode adalah untuk mengungkapan perasaan, emosi, dan pembicaraan mengenai topik tertentu.

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In a multilingual society, language switching in everyday interactions is commonly based on certain reasons or motives. There are many ways for people to communicate, one of which is online communication. This article discusses code-switching in communication interactions on SunnydahyeIn's video blog, specifically in the vlog ‘Finally Made Korean Fashion Shopping Mall! Hijab Friendly’ and ‘Mega Unboxing Spring Aesthetic Korean Hijab Friendly Clothes! What are 2021 K-fashion Trends’. The objective of the research is to explain the types and functions of code-switching discovered in the videos. Qualitative descriptive research methods are used in this article. The results of the analysis found that there were three types of code-switching, namely inter-sentential, extra-sentential/emblematic/tag, and intra-sentential. Based on data analysis, the most frequent type of code-switching found in the videos is intra-sentential. Code-switching with the insertion of elements in the form of words is more commonly found in the data. Based on data analysis, the cause of code-switching is an expression of feelings, emotions, and talking about a particular topic triggered by the common fashion terms."

"ABSTRACTThis study started from the two main problems. Those are (1) the factors caused the shift of Tonsea Language and (2) the factors supported the maintenance of the language. Based on the problems above, this study aimed to find out the factors causing the shift of Tonsea language and the factors supporting the maintenance of the language. As a consequence, the population of this study was all the member of Tonsea speech community, especially the 4.778 persons who lived in the village of Laikit, Dimembe. Then, the respondents of this study were 140 persons, taken through proportional stratified random sampling based on their sex, age, education, and occupation. in order to obtain such aims the researcher involved the following ways. Data were collected through structured interview, questionnaires, participatory observation, and recording. The questionnaires was given to the respondents who were eleven to eighteen of age and above twenty-one. in addition, the process of recording was aided with some stimulation to the informants. Then, the data were analyzed with ANOVA in order to get the level of significance of their language choice. To make sure the accuracy of the computation the researcher used statistic computer "Microstat". This study found the following result. Tonsea language was used by the tonsean aged fifty or more as the language was mastered enough by such people. The language was also used as a culture support, such as in family meeting, arisan, wedding ceremony, funeral ceremony, tumuwar activity, and traditional ceremony in order to release a village from the troubles made by devils. in addition, the language was also used by the youth when they were talking to their siblings, brothers or sisters in law, parents, and grand-parents. Malay-Manado language was used among tonseans who were under fifty of age in their community, by tonsean under fifty of age to their children, to their parents, and to the other persons in the same village. Mixed language was used by the participants in the situations other than what is mentioned above. Bahasa Indonesia tend to be used by the youth in educational and religious domain. The maintenance variables of Tonsea Language were age, education and occupation. The tonseans who were fifty or more tend to maintain the language while those who were under fifty were not. The tonseans whose education was elementary school tend to use Tonsea language while those whose education were high school or university tend to use Malay-lVlenado or mixed the languages. Farmers, housewives, and merchandiser tend to use Tonsea language while civil servants, military member, students, and private servants tend to use Malay-Manado or mix the languages."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini membahas perbedaan penggunaan ungkapan serapah laki-laki danperempuan dalam bahasa gaul pada novel populer tahun 2000-an. Perbedaantersebut ditinjau dari beberapa hal, yaitu sumber (rujukan) ungkapan serapah,perubahan fungsi, dan perubahan fonotaktik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menjelaskanbentuk dan jenis penggunaan ungkapan serapah laki-laki dan perempuan dalambahasa gaul yang dikaitkan dengan stereotipe gender dalam masyarakat mengenaicara berbahasa laki-laki dan perempuan. Sebagai upaya pendokumentasianungkapan serapah, penelitian ini juga mengklasifikasikan ungkapan serapahberdasarkan kelas kata dan perubahan makna. Teori yang digunakan dalampenelitian ini adalah teori kelas kata, teori makian, teori perubahan makna,fonotaktik, dan teori gender.

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ABSTRACTThis study discusses the different uses of the curse phrases of men and women in

slang argot in popular novels of the year 2000s. These differences are reviewed

from the source (reference) of the curse expressions, functions and phonotactic

changes. This study aims to describe the shape and type of curse expressions used

by men and women in the slang associated with gender stereotypes in society

about how men and women speak. In an effort to document the curse phrases, this

study also classifies them based on the word level and the change of its meanings.

Theories used in this study is the word level theory, the theory of insults, the

change of meaning theory, phonotactic, and gender theory."

"ABSTRAKSkripsi ini membahas persebaran bahasa Sunda di wilayah Badui Dalam dan Badui Luar. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode pupuan lapangan dan wawancara dengan empat belas informan di empat belas titik pengamatan. Data diolah menggunakan teknik penghitungan dialektometri dan pembuatan berkas isoglos. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa situasi kebahasaan di wilayah Badui Dalam dan Badui Luar tidak menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bahasa atau dialek, melainkan hanya perbedaan wicara. Meski begitu, ada sumber-sumber yang menyebutkan bahwa masyarakat adat di wilayah Badui Dalam dan Badui Luar menggunakan bahasa yang berbeda karena wilayah yang terpisah. Selain itu, terdapat variasi bahasa yang cukup tinggi pada kosakata budaya dasar. Hal itu disebabkan oleh adanya undak usuk atau tingkatan bahasa yang terdapat di wilayah Badui Dalam dan Badui Luar. Adapun kosakata-kosakata arkais dalam bahasa Sunda ditemukan di wilayah Badui Dalam dan Badui Luar.

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ABSTRACT<>br>This thesis discusses the distribution of Sundanese language at Inner Badui and Outer Badui. Data was gathered by doing a survey on the field and interviewing fourteen informants in fourteen observation points. The data was processed by doing dialectometry calculation and making isoglos files. Results of this study show that the language situation at Inner Badui and Outer Badui do not represent any language nor dialect differences, but the difference of pronunciations instead. Even so, there are some sayings about Badui society at Inner Badui and Outer Badui are using a different kind of language just because they were separated. Moreover, the language variation on cultural vocabulary is quite high. That happened because of the level of language that occurs at Inner Badui and Outer Badui. There are also some Sundanese archaic words found at Inner Badui and Outer Badui."

"Penelitian ini berisi tentang identifikasi adanya bahasa Jawa dialek Ngapak pada variasi bahasa di Kabupaten Pekalongan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui persebaran bahasa Jawa dialek Ngapak yang ada di Kabupaten Pekalongan serta mengidentifikasi variasi bahasa Jawa dialek Ngapak yang ada di Kabupaten Pekalongan. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengambilan data pada penelitian ini adalah metode pupuan lapangan dengan menggunakan 236 daftar tanyaan yang terdiri dari 200 kosakata dasar Morish Swadesh; 10 kosakata acuan, sapaan, dan kata ganti; dan 25 kosakata sistem kekerabatan. Titik pengamatan dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh kecamatan di Kabupaten Pekalongan yang berjumlah 19; dan setiap kecamatan diwakili oleh satu orang informan. Data hasil wawancara divisualisasikan ke dalam peta lambang. Kemudian, peta tersebut diolah menjadi peta berkas isoglos dan dihitung dalam dialektometri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa anggapan adanya dialek Ngapak di Kabupaten Pekalongan terbukti kurang tepat. Tidak ada perbedaan dialek yang ditemukan, tetapi perbedaan wicaralah yang ditemukan pada variasi bahasa di Kabupaten Pekalongan. Adanya variasi fonologis berupa kontras variasi bunyi /o/ dengan /a/ dan /ˀ/ dengan /k/ dan variasi leksikal berupa penyerapan kosakata dari dialek Banyumasan merupakan pengaruh dari dialek Ngapak yang menyebabkan adanya perbedaan wicara pada variasi bahasa di Kabupaten Pekalongan.

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This study contains an identification of Javanese Ngapak dialect in the language variation in Pekalongan District. The purpose of this study is to determine the distribution of Javanese Ngapak dialect in Pekalongan District and to identify Javanese Ngapak dialect in Pekalongan District. The method used for data collection in this study is field survey method, using 236 questionnaires consisting of 200 basic vocabulary of Morish Swadesh; 10 reference vocabulary, greetings, and pronouns; and 25 kinship system vocabularies. The observation points in this study were all 19 sub-districts in Pekalongan District, and each sub-district was represented by one informant. Data from the interviews were visualized into a symbol map. Then, the map was processed into an isogloss file map and calculated in dialectometry. The results show that the presumption of Ngapak dialect in Pekalongan District is proved to be inappropriate. No dialect differences are found, but differences in speech exist in language variations in Pekalongan District. The phonological variations in the form of contrasting sound variations / o / with / a / and / ˀ / with / k / and lexical variations in the form of vocabulary absorption from the Banyumasan dialect are the influence of the Ngapak dialect which causes differences in speech in language variation in Pekalongan District."

"Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, laki-laki senantiasa ingin mengadopsi sifat-sifat maskulin. Oleh karena itu, laki-laki cenderung memiliki gengsi untuk terlihat feminin. Gengsi yang dimiliki oleh laki-laki terkait gender dan stereotipe ini kemudian melahirkan istilah maskulinitas beracun, yaitu istilah yang merujuk pada maskulinitas yang dapat membahayakan laki-laki maupun perempuan. Penelitian ini membahas bentuk-bentuk maskulinitas beracun yang terdapat dalam novel The Name of the Game karya Adelina Ayu serta pengaruhnya pada tokoh-tokoh dalam novel tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode analisis deskriptif. Bentuk-bentuk maskulinitas beracun yang terdapat dalam novel ini meliputi stigmatisasi terhadap laki-laki yang menunjukkan karakteristik feminin, yaitu merawat diri, menunjukkan kesedihan dan kekecewaan, dan tidak melakukan kegiatan maskulin. Selain itu, maskulinitas beracun dalam novel ini juga ditunjukkan lewat kesiapan untuk menggunakan kekerasan. Pengaruh maskulinitas beracun terhadap tokoh-tokoh dalam novel ini adalah ketakutan untuk menjadi diri sendiri. Rasa takut untuk menjadi diri sendiri tersebut dipicu oleh keinginan mereka untuk dinilai sebagai laki-laki sejati.

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In daily life, men always want to adopt masculine traits. Therefore, men tend to have prestige to look feminine. This prestige owned by men related to gender and stereotype then give birth to the term toxic masculinity, which is a term that refers to masculinity that can harm both men and women. This study discusses the forms of toxic masculinity depicted in 'The Name of the Game' novel by Adelina Ayu and their effects on the novel characters. This study is a qualitative study with descriptive analysis method. The forms of toxic masculinity depicted in this novel include stigmatizations of men who exhibit feminine characteristics, which are taking care of themselves, showing sadness and worries, and don’t do masculine activities. Beside that, this novel also shows toxic masculinity through the readiness to resort to violence. The effects of toxic masculinity on the novel characters is a fear to be themselves. This fear is triggered by their desire to be valued as real men."

"Sumber karya sastra Jawa kuno, khususnya cerita-cerita Panji, memuat nama-nama karakter yang berasal dari nama binatang seperti Kuda Narawangsa, Kebo Kanigara, and Kidang Walangka. Fenomena penamaan semacam ini rupanya juga ditemui dalam sumber epigrafi masa Jawa kuno. Permasalahan penelitian meliputi motivasi penamaan dan hubungan antara nama diri dengan jabatan dan status sosial penyandangnya. Seluruh permasalahan tersebut dijawab melalui studi pustaka yang melibatkan metode pengumpulan data, analisis, dan intepretasi. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa fenomena penamaan tersebut secara umum dilatarbelakangi oleh apresiasi terhadap binatang-binatang tertentu yang memiliki tempat dan peran penting dalam kebudayaan masyarakat sehingga dianggap penting dan istimewa. Secara garis besar terdapat kecenderungan perkembangan fenomena pada masa Mataram kuno (Abad ke-9-11 M) dan Kadiri-Majapahit (Abad ke-12-16 M). Periode Mataram kuno didominasi oleh nama diri tunggal yang tidak terkait dengan jabatan tertentu kecuali status sosial kelas bawah, sedangkan periode Kadiri-Majapahit terdapat hubungan nama diri dengan jabatan ketentaraan (makasirkasir) dan status kasta ksatria yang sangat mungkin ditandai oleh pemakaian nama binatang di awal nama diri.

Kata kunci: epigrafi, antroponomastika, nama diri, binatang, makasirkasir

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Old Javanese literary works, especially panji tales, contain many character names derived from animal names such as Kuda Narawangsa, Kebo Kanigara, and Kidang Walangka. This naming phenomenon also appears to be found in the old Javanese inscriptions. The research problems of this study include motivation for naming and correlation between the personal names, social status, and official position of the users. This research uses archaeological method involving data collection, analysis, and interpretation. The results show that the naming phenomenon was generally motivated by the appreciation towards certain animals that had a place and roles in the culture of society so that they were perceived as being important and special. Broadly speaking, there was a different development trend in the ancient Mataram period (9th-11th Century AD) and Kadiri-Majapahit period (12th-16th Century AD). The ancient Mataram period was dominated by a single personal name that was not related to any particular position. During the Kadiri-Majapahit period, there was a correlation between the personal names and the official position of the army (makasirkasir) and kshatriya caste which was very likely to be marked by the use of the name of the animal at the beginning of the personal name.

Keywords: epigraphy, anthroponomastics, personal name, animal, makasirkasir

 

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"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menelusuri rekam jejak persoalan kejiwaan tokoh yang terdapat dalam novel Bisikan karya V. Lestari melalui analisis psikologi sastra. Karya sastra yang dijadikan subjek penelitian adalah novel Bisikan karya V. Lestari. Novel Bisikan mengisahkan keluarga Hayono, seseorang yang sudah mati, tetapi arwahnya masih penasaran karena ia tidak mau meninggalkan anak kesayangan, Marisa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif. Selanjutnya, metode analisisnya adalah metode analisis kualitatif. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa respons karakter terhadap konflik dipengaruhi oleh id, ego, dan superego mereka dan perilaku mereka berubah saat mereka menghadapi situasi yang berbeda. Hayono dan Marisa bertindak impulsif karena dorongan id, Andre bertindak realistis sebagai fungsi ego, dan Emma membatasi perilaku dengan nilai-nilai moral dan etika yang diwakili oleh superego. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor kejiwaan para tokoh memainkan peran penting dalam membentuk dan memengaruhi respons karakter terhadap konflik, serta mencerminkan kompleksitas manusia dalam menghadapi situasi kehidupan.

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in the novel Bisikan by V. Lestari through the analysis of literary psychology. The subject of this study is the novel Bisikan by V. Lestari. The novel tells the story of the Hayono family, where Hayono, who is deceased, refuses to leave his beloved daughter Marisa and his spirit remains restless. The research method employed is descriptive research. Furthermore, the analysis method used is qualitative analysis. The study concludes that the characters' responses to conflicts are influenced by their id, ego, and superego and their behaviors change when they face different situations. Hayono and Marisa act impulsively due to the drives of the id, Andre acts realistically as the function of the ego, and Emma limits her behavior based on moral values and ethics represented by the superego.The results of the study indicate that the psychological factors of the characters play a significant role in shaping and influencing the characters responses to conflicts, as well as reflecting the complexity of human beings in facing life situations."

"Indonesia merupakan negara yang kaya dengan bahasa daerah. Banyaknya jumlah bahasa di Indonesia terlihat dari jumlah bahasa yang dikemukakan oleh Badan Pusat Data dan Statistik dan Glottolog. Menurut Badan Pusat Data dan Statistik, bahasa yang ada di Indonesia berjumlah 750 bahasa. Sementara itu, menurut Glottolog, bahasa yang ada di Indonesia berjumlah sebanyak 763 bahasa. Namun, dari banyaknya bahasa yang ada di Indonesia masih belum banyak dilakukan pemetaan bahasa untuk mengetahui berbagai variasi bahasa di setiap daerah seperti di Kotamadya Sukabumi. Oleh karena itu, penelitian mengenai variasi bahasa yang ada di Kotamadya Sukabumi perlu untuk dilakukan. Dalam proses pengumpulan data, penelitian ini menggunakan metode pupuan lapangan, sedangkan dalam proses pengolahan data digunakan metode kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Adapun dalam penelitian ini, data penelitian diambil dari hasil wawancara kepada tujuh orang informan di setiap kecamatan yang ada di Kotamadya Sukabumi. Data tersebut terdiri atas 200 kosakata Morris Swadesh, 11 kosakata bidang ganti, sapaan, dan acuan, dan 25 kosakata kekerabatan. Kemudian, data tersebut divisualisasikan dengan peta lambing dan diberikan garis isogloss dan isofon guna mengatahui jarak bahasa antartitik penelitian. Garis isogloss tersebut kemudian disatukan dalam berkas isoglos berdasarkan dengan kelompok kosakatanya. Selanjutnya, dilakukan penghitungan dialektometri dan hasil penghitungannya diubah menjadi jaring laba-laba. Hasil temuan dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa bahasa Sunda di Kotamadya Sukabumi adalah bahasa Sunda Loma. Tidak ditemukan bahasa lain selain bahasa Sunda di Kotamadya Sukabumi. Selain itu, tidak ditemukan perbedaan penggunaan bahasa Sunda antara laki-laki dan perempuan di Kotamadya Sukabumi.

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Indonesia is a country that is rich in regional languages. The large number of languages in Indonesia can be seen from the number of languages stated by the Central Data and Statistics Agency and Glottologist. According to the Central Bureau of Data and Statistics, there are 750 languages in Indonesia. Meanwhile, according to Glottologist, there are 763 languages in Indonesia. However, of the many languages in Indonesia, language mapping has not been carried out to find out the various language variations in each region, such as in the Municipality of Sukabumi. Therefore, research on language variations in Sukabumi Municipality needs to be carried out. In the data collection process, this study used the field training method, while in the data processing used qualitative and quantitative methods. As for this study, the research data was taken from the results of interviews with seven informants in each sub-district in the Municipality of Sukabumi. The data consists of 200 Morris Swadesh vocabularies, 11 vocabularies of pronouns, greetings, and references, and 25 kinship vocabularies. Then, the data is visualized with a symbol map and isogloss and isophone lines are given to determine the language distance between research points. The isogloss lines are then put together in isogloss files according to the vocabulary groups. Next, dialectometric calculations are performed and the calculation results are converted into spider webs. The findings in this study indicate that Sundanese in Sukabumi Municipality is Loma Sundanese. There are no other languages other than Sundanese in Sukabumi Municipality. In addition, there was no difference in the use of Sundanese between men and women in Sukabumi Municipality."