Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"ABSTRACTIndonesian administration so far has produced several decentralization policies contained the principles of federal anangcments: Acts No. 2/I999 concerning Local Administration, and two specific autonomy regulation i.e. Acts No. l8r2001 conceming Specific Autonomy for Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (Aceh Province) and Acts No. 2l/th 2001 concerning Specific Autonomy for Papua Province. Those regulations hold some federal arrangements principles which in turn raised opinions about lndonesia`s shift from unitary state (Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia) to federal administration system. Judicially, as well as empirically, such decentralization policies which led to federal system have influenced the implementation of State Function as mandated by the 1945 Constitution.This research hold several purposes. First, to explain reasons behind decentralization policies as implied on Acts No. 22/1999 and Acts No. 32/2004 which led to federal system administration. Second, to untold the influence of decentralization policies over state function based on unitary state , administration as experienced by The Republic of Indonesia not-radays. Third, to formulate efforts in order to adjust such decentralization policies supporting state functions as mandated by 1945 Constitution.As normative law research, the researcher examinated literature material consisted of primary law material, i.e regulation about local administration; secondary law "aterial, i.e. literature related with governance: and tertiary law material, i.e. dictionary and encyclopedia of law. This research employed theory of law state as grand theory, power segregation theory as middle range theory and decentralization theory as applied theory. To support the analysis, reviews about administration on several unitary state and federal state was added. Content analysis was conducted to attain details concerning decentralization which led to federal arrangements implied on regulations concerning local administration. Such analysis also worked to describe Local Administration policies according to the development history of constitutuion.There are several conclusions following research and findings. First, there are two reasons that lie beneath decentralization policies as implied on Acts No. 2/1999 and Acts No. 32/2004 which in turn led to Federal System: (a) to maintain the entirety of Indonesia as unitary state (Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia): and (b) to implement equality in development for nation`s wealth. Second, decentralization policies which led to federal administration system have resulted on both positive and negative consequences. Positive result comes from democracy uprising in governmental practices, meanwhile the negative one was Constitution mismatched in several affairs. Third, in order to keep decentralization policies successfully supporting state function as mandated by 1945 Constitution, one must arrange immediately implementation regulation derived from Acts No. 32/2004 by prioritize articles which potentially bring about various interpretations and vaguely understood by many parties.

---

AbstractIndonesian administration so far has produced several decentralization policies contained the principles of federal anangcments: Acts No. 2/I999 concerning Local Administration, and two specific autonomy regulation i.e. Acts No. l8r2001 conceming Specific Autonomy for Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (Aceh Province) and Acts No. 2l/th 2001 concerning Specific Autonomy for Papua Province. Those regulations hold some federal arrangements principles which in turn raised opinions about lndonesia`s shift from unitary state (Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia) to federal administration system. Judicially, as well as empirically, such decentralization policies which led to federal system have influenced the implementation of State Function as mandated by the 1945 Constitution.This research hold several purposes. First, to explain reasons behind decentralization policies as implied on Acts No. 22/1999 and Acts No. 32/2004 which led to federal system administration. Second, to untold the influence of decentralization policies over state function based on unitary state , administration as experienced by The Republic of Indonesia not-radays. Third, to formulate efforts in order to adjust such decentralization policies supporting state functions as mandated by 1945 Constitution.As normative law research, the researcher examinated literature material consisted of primary law material, i.e regulation about local administration; secondary law "aterial, i.e. literature related with governance: and tertiary law material, i.e. dictionary and encyclopedia of law. This research employed theory of law state as grand theory, power segregation theory as middle range theory and decentralization theory as applied theory. To support the analysis, reviews about administration on several unitary state and federal state was added. Content analysis was conducted to attain details concerning decentralization which led to federal arrangements implied on regulations concerning local administration. Such analysis also worked to describe Local Administration policies according to the development history of constitutuion.There are several conclusions following research and findings. First, there are two reasons that lie beneath decentralization policies as implied on Acts No. 2/1999 and Acts No. 32/2004 which in turn led to Federal System: (a) to maintain the entirety of Indonesia as unitary state (Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia): and (b) to implement equality in development for nation`s wealth. Second, decentralization policies which led to federal administration system have resulted on both positive and negative consequences. Positive result comes from democracy uprising in governmental practices, meanwhile the negative one was Constitution mismatched in several affairs. Third, in order to keep decentralization policies successfully supporting state function as mandated by 1945 Constitution, one must arrange immediately implementation regulation derived from Acts No. 32/2004 by prioritize articles which potentially bring about various interpretations and vaguely understood by many parties."

"Disertasi ini membahas tentang Persekutuan Komanditer (CV) sebagai salah satu bentuk badan usaha yang masih banyak dipilih oleh pelaku usaha kecil menengah dan aturan hukumnya yang masih mengacu kepada KUHD yang sampai kini belum pernah dilakukan perubahan untuk menyesuaikan dengan perkembangan dunia usaha. Secara khusus, permasalahan yang dibahas adalah hukum tentang pembagian laba/rugi antara sekutu pengurus dan sekutu komanditer, hukum tentang tanggung jawab sekutu pengurus dan sekutu komanditer, dasar pemikiran perubahan status hukum CV dari bukan badan hukum menjadi badan hukum dan alasan pelaku usaha masih memilih CV sebagai badan usaha. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif (legal research) dan perbandingan hukum (comparative law). Sedangkan pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan studi dokumen dan wawancara.Data yang telah terkumpul tersebut dianalisis secara kualitif. Pembagian laba/rugi, yang memberikan bagian yang lebih besar kepada sekutu komanditer dibandingkan kepada sekutu pengurus berdasarkan hanya kepada pertimbangan inbreng, telah mengalami perubahan. Perubahan ini terjadi karena resiko dan tanggung jawab yang harus diemban sekutu pengurus lebih besar dibandingkan resiko dan tanggung jawab yang diemban sekutu komanditer. Dalam hal pertanggung jawaban para sekutu dalam CV, pengadilan baik di Indonesia maupun Belanda cenderung melaksanakan ketentuan dalam KUHD/WvK. Namun di Belanda, Wetsvoorstel Personnenvennootschap memperluas tanggung jawab sekutu komanditer menjadi tidak terbatas apabila sekutu komanditer terbukti memiliki ?decisive influence? atas setiap putusan yang diambil oleh sekutu pengurus. Status hukum CV yang berbadan hukum akan bermanfaat bagi para sekutu karena terdapat pemisahan kekayaan yang jelas antara kekayaan sekutu dan kekayaan perusahaan (CV), bagi sekutu pengurus karena tanggung jawab menjadi terbatas, dan bermanfaat bagi kreditur karena CV yang berbadan hukum memiliki jaminan hukum yang lebih pasti atas kekayaan CV. Pilihan memberikan status hukum CV yang berbadan hukum akan memberikan kesempatan yang lebih besar kepada pelaku usaha kecil menengah untuk berpartisipasi dalam pembangunan ekonomi.Hasil penelitian terhadap pelaku usaha CV di Cirebon mengungkapkan bahwa alasan pemilihan CV adalah kemudahan dalam proses pendirian, pertimbangan biaya yang terjangkau dan tidak terlalu mahal, fleksibilitas dalam pengelolaan CV, kesesuaian bentuk CV dengan perusahaan keluarga yang menekankan pada unsur kepercayaan (trust), serta peluang menggunakan CV untuk bidang usaha tertentu.

---

This dissertation discusses the regulatory issues surrounding Commanditaire Vennootschap (CV) or Limited Partnership that continues to be the preferred form of business entity for small-medium enterprises. The issues relating to CVs arise due to the fact that CVs are still regulated by the Indonesian Commercial Code passed during the Dutch period in 1884, which has not been amended to accommodate the development of the current business climate. This dissertation will specifically focus on: (i) the regulations concerning sharing of profits and losses between the managing partner (beherende venoot) and limited partner (commanditaire venoot); (ii) the regulations concerning the liabilities of the managing partner and limited partner; (iii) the basis for the change of status of a CV from a non-legal entity to a legal entity; and (iv) the reasons business actors continue to use CVs as the preferred form for their business. The method of research conducted for this dissertation was based on legal research and comparative law approach.Data was collected through the study of documents and conducting a series of interviews, which were then qualitatively analyzed. The sharing of profits and losses, which provides a larger share to the limited partner compared to the managing partner solely based on the in-kind contributions, has experienced change. The reason for the change is because the managing partner has greater risks and responsibilities compared to the limited partner. On the issue of responsibility of the partners in the CV, the courts both in Indonesia and the Netherlands tend to implement the regulations contained in the Commercial Code/Wetboek van Koophandel. However, there is a distinction in the Wetsvoorstel Personnenvennootschap in the Netherlands where the responsibility of the limited partner is expanded to become an unlimited liability if it was proven that the limited partner had a decisive influence in every decision taken by the managing partner. The status of the CV as a legal entity will be beneficial for the partners because of the clear separation of the personal assets of the partners and the assets of the CV. With respect to the liabilities of the managing partner, his/her liability will be limited and the separation of assets will also create legal certainty over the CV?s assets for the creditors. Another benefit to the legal entity status of the CV is giving a better opportunity to small-medium business actors to participate in the development of the economy.Research conducted in Cirebon shows that the motive behind preference towards CV is the ease in its establishment, its cost effectiveness, the flexibility in its management and the conformity that it shares with a family-run business, which is an emphasis on trust and the opportunity of using the form of CV for certain business areas."

"Indonesia sangat rawan terhadap risiko bencana alam tektonik dan vulkanik gempa bumi, tsunami dan letusan gunung berapi , karena: 1 terletak di antara tiga lempeng tektonik: Indo-Australia, Eurasia dan Pasifik, 2 berada di jalur cincin api 'Asia Pacific Ring of Fire' dengan 127 gunung berapi aktif terbanyak di dunia, dan 3 negara kepulauan terbesar dunia dengan 13.466 pulau. Sudah banyak terjadi bencana alam dari masa lalu hingga sekarang, dan masih akan terjadi lagi di masa depan, hanya waktunya yang tidak pasti. Korban meninggal dunia, cidera dan kerusakan, kehancuran rumah tinggal penduduk sudah jutaan dengan kerugian ekonomi yang sangat besar.Timbul permasalahan dalam aksi rehabilitasi dan rekonstruksi pasca bencana alam untuk rumah tinggal yang telah rusak dan hancur, karena memerlukan biaya yang tidak sedikit. Korban bencana tidak mempunyai uang yang cukup, banyak yang kehilangan sumber penghasilan, sementara anggaran dana pemerintah sangat tidak mencukupi untuk memberikan bantuan dan ganti kerugian, jika terjadi suatu bencana alam katastrofe. Hal itu mengakibatkan rehabilitasi dan rekonstruksi rumah tinggal penduduk tidak bisa dilakukan dengan baik dan cepat, sehingga memperpanjang penderitaan korban bencana alam.Berdasarkan hal tersebut di atas, penelitian ini melakukan studi pada 7 negara paling rawan bencana alam yang telah menerapkan skema asuransi bencana alam untuk mengkaji dan mengganalisis: 1 skema asuransi bencana alam yang tepat diterapkan di Indonesia; 2 peranan reasuransi dan catastrophic bond dalam mendukung skema asuransi bencana alam di Indonesia; dan 3 pembaruan hukum yang diperlukan untuk mewujudkan skema asuransi bencana alam.Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan analisis data secara juridis kualitatif. Penelitian ini menjawab: 1 skema asuransi bencana alam yang dapat dan tepat diterapkan di Indonesia adalah skema asuransi bencana alam yang bersifat wajib tolong-menolong untuk menjamin setiap rumah tinggal terhadap risiko bencana alam, 2 reasuransi dapat memberikan dukungan terhadap skema asuransi bencana alam di Indonesia dengan jaminan reasuransi dari pasar reasuransi tradisional dan catastrophic bond dapat memberikan jaminan reasuransi innovatif yang lebih besar melalui investor korporasi di pasar modal global; 3 diperlukan pembaruan hukum perasuransian dan hukum penanggulangan bencana untuk mewujudkan skema asuransi bencana di Indonesia.Hasil penelitian ini menyarankan Indonesia penting menyelenggarakan skema asuransi bencana alam rumah tinggal yang sifatnya wajib tolong-menolong untuk risiko gempa bumi, tsunami dan letusan gunung berapi, sehingga penduduk korban bencana alam akan mendapatkan ganti kerugian yang lebih besar dan lebih cepat untuk dapat membangun kembali rumah tinggal mereka yang rusak dan hancur sesuai princip 'build back better' dari deklarasi dan kerangka kerja Sendai 2015-2030.

---

Indonesia is very prone to tectonic and vulcanic natural disaster earthquakes, tsunami and volcanic eruptions due to 1 it located between three tentonic plates Indo Australia, Eurasia and Pacific, 2 within the Asia Ring of Fire with 127 active volcanoes, the largest number of active volcanoes in the world, and 3 the largest archipelago country in the world with total number of islands 13,466. A large number of natural disasters calamities have occurred in the past and that will occur again in the future with unknown times and places. Those have caused million fatalities deaths, bodily injuries, damage, destruction to residential buildings houses with huge economic losses.

There is always a serious problem in the rehabilitation and reconstruction of damaged residential buildings houses which needs a lot of fund whilst the victims did not have sufficient fund and they were suffering from loosing sources of income caused by the natural disasters.The government rsquo s annual budget for natural disasters rsquo relief and compensation is very limited, not sufficient, when a catastrophic calamity natural disaster occur. That situation caused rehabilitation and reconstruction program for residential buildings houses cannot be performed well, properly and fast, it prolongs the suffering of the victims. Based on the above description, this research did a study in seven countries prone to natural disasters which have natural disaster insurance schemes for houses.

The objective of this study is to answer the research questions 1 what is the type of natural disaster insurance can and most suitably be implemented in Indonesia, 2 how reinsurace and catastrophic bond can support the natural disaster insurance scheme, and 3 is law amendment necessary for the implementation of natural disaster insurance scheme.

This study use legal normative method research with statute, conceptual and comparative approaches. This study answers 1 a mandatory compulsory natural disaster insurance scheme covering residential buildings houses for earthquake, tsunami and volcanic eruption risks is suitably implemented in Indonesia 2 reinsurance can provide reinsurance coverage from the traditional reinsurance market and catastrophic bond can provide larger innovative reinsurance coverage from corporate investors of the global capital market 3 amendment or change to the current insurance law and disaster mitigation law is necessary for the establishment and implementation of natural disaster insurance scheme in Indonesia.

The result of this study suggests it is necessary for Indonesia to establish and implement a natural disaster insurance scheme for residential buildings houses covering earthquake, tsunami and volcanic eruption risks. With that scheme, homeowners will get larger and faster compensation from the insurers for rebuilding their damaged houses with the principle of ldquo build back better rdquo in accordance with Sendai Declaration and Framework 2015 2030."

"Penelitian ini membahas mengenai peranan itikad baik sebagai landasan kepemilikan pembeli yang membeli dari orang yang tidak berhak menjual. Pembeli beritikad baik mendapatkan kepemilikan berdasarkan asas itikad baik walaupun pada dasarnya pemilik asli atas benda dilindungi prinsip nemo dat quad non habet yang melarang seseorang mengalihkan benda yang tidak dimilikinya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan konsep dan pendekatan kasus. Hasil penelitian ini akan memperlihatkan bahwa itikad baik adalah nilai tertinggi dalam kepemilikan yang menaungi baik perlindungan pemilik asli maupun perlindungan pembeli. Hakim memiliki peran penting menentukan kepemilikan benda diantara mereka karena dalam melaksanakan tugasnya tersebut, hakim akan mengkonstruksi dan menerapkan standar tindakan yang dimunculkan dari nilai kejujuran untuk menentukan beritikad baik atau tidaknya seorang pembeli. Penentuan kejujuran pada pembeli akan memberikannya kesempatan yang setara dengan pemilik asli atas kontes kepemilikan di peradilan, oleh karenanya hakim pada akhirnya menjadi penentu prioritas kepemilikan diantara mereka.

---

This study explores the role bona fides as the foundation of purchaser’s ownership especially when involves purchaser from not entitled seller. Bona fides purchaser owns his rights against the nemo dat quad non habet rules (no one gives what they do not have) that protect the original owner’s rights. This study uses a normative juridical method, with conceptual approach and case study. The result of this study shows that bona fides as the highest principles in ownership accommodates both principles, nemo dat and purchaser protection. Judge have an important role in determining rights between them, because judges will construct and apply standard of conduct that arises from the value of honesty to determine whether a buyer is bona fide or not. By then an honest purchaser will have his equal stage in the contest for ownership rights against a true owner and judges will have to measure and determine the priority of ownership between them"

"Hubungan hukum yang lahir dari kontrak migas mengikat sebagai hukum bagi para pihak yang membuatnya. Hal ini karena pembentukan kontrak migas telah sesuai dengan Pasal 1320 KUHPerdata dan oleh karenanya berdasarkan Pasal 1338 ayat (1) KUHPerdata, secara hukum pemerintah dan kontraktor terikat untuk menaati seluruh ketentuan di dalam kontrak migas. Namun demikian, melihat fakta dan sentimen investasi terhadap industri migas di Indonesia yang semakin menurun terutama mengenai kepercayaan investor terhadap kepastian hukum di Indonesia, maka perlu ada peningkatan dan perbaikan yang signifikan dalam kontrak migas di Indonesia. Mengelola kegiatan usaha hulu menggunakan sistem kontrak memiliki kekhasan tersendiri karena usaha hulu migas memiliki banyak risiko dan mengingat bahwa pemerintah juga memiliki banyak keterbatasan. Kekhasan lain adalah karena di dalam kontrak migas, salah satu pihak di dalamnya adalah pemerintah yang secara konstitusional berada pada ranah hukum privat dan publik secara bersamaan. Yang menjadi pertanyaan yuridis disini adalah, Bagaimana dampak kedudukan Pemerintah sebagai pihak dalam perjanjian yang dapat mengubah peraturan perundang-undangan di bidang minyak dan gas bumi yang berakibat pada kepastian kontrak minyak dan gas bumi dan keadilan bagi para pihak? Bagaimana kontrak minyak dan gas bumi yang ideal yang menempatkan para pihak dalam kedudukan yang seimbang? Disertasi ini akan melihat bagaimana penerapan peraturan perundang-undangan, baik peraturan di bidang hukum publik maupun hukum perdata, di dalam kontrak migas dan mencari tahu mengapa ketidakpastian hukum dalam penerapan kontrak migas masih menjadi masalah hingga saat ini. Selain itu disertasi ini membahas penerapan kontrak migas dan mengkaji bagaimana hubungan hukum yang terjadi selama ini, dan mencari titik ideal dari kontrak migas baik dari pihak pemerintah maupun swasta. Penelitian akan dilakukan dengan menggunakan metodologi penelitian Yuridis Normatif dan data yang dikumpulkan adalah data sekunder (terdiri dari bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tertier). Kesimpulan, di dalam pelaksanaan kontrak migas, maka selain dari tataran implementasi, ada beberapa restrukturisasi hukum yang dapat berdampak kepada terciptanya hubungan hukum yang lebih baik antara pemerintah dan kontraktor migas dalam melaksanakan kontrak migas.

---

The legal relationship that is born from the oil and gas contract is binding as law for the parties who make it. This is because the formation of oil and gas contracts is in accordance with Article 1320 of the Civil Code and therefore based on Article 1338 paragraph (1) of the Civil Code, the government and contractors are legally bound to comply with all provisions in the oil and gas contract. However, considering the fact and investment sentiment towards the oil and gas industry in Indonesia that is decreasing, especially regarding investor confidence in legal certainty in Indonesia, it is necessary to have a significant increase and improvement in oil and gas contracts in Indonesia. Managing upstream business activities using a contract system has its own peculiarities because the upstream oil and gas business has many risks and given that the government also has many limitations. Another peculiarity is that in the oil and gas contract, one of the parties is the government which is constitutionally in the realm of private and public law simultaneously. The juridical question here is, what is the impact of the position of the Government as a party to an agreement that can change the laws and regulations in the oil and gas sector which results in the certainty of oil and gas contracts and justice for the parties? What is the ideal oil and gas contract that puts the parties in a balanced position? This dissertation will look at how the application of laws and regulations, both in the fields of public law and civil law, in oil and gas contracts and find out why legal uncertainty in the application of oil and gas contracts is still a problem today. In addition, this dissertation discusses the application of oil and gas contracts and examines the legal relationship that has occurred so far and looks for ideal points from oil and gas contracts from both government and private parties. The research will be conducted using the juridical normative research methodology and the data collected is secondary data (consisting of primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials). In conclusion, in the implementation of oil and gas contracts, apart from the level of implementation, there are several legal restructurings that can have an impact on the creation of a better legal relationship between the government and oil and gas contractors in implementing oil and gas contracts. "