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"[ABSTRAKLatar belakang. Pada stenosis mitral sering timbul komplikasi hipertensi pulmoner dan disfungsi ventikel kanan. Belum ada penelitian yang menghubungkan antara resistensi vaskular paru sebelum operasi dengan fungsi jantung kanan saat pasca operasi serta perubahannya pasca operasi stenosis mitral rematik.Metode. Studi ini merupakan studi kohort prospektif pada 31 pasien stenosis mitral rematik yang menjalani operasi katup mitral di Rumah Sakit Jantung dan Pembuluh Darah Harapan Kita sejak April 2014 sampai Maret 2015. Pasien menjalani pemeriksaan ekokardiografi sebelum operasi, sebelum pulang perawatan pasca operasi serta saat follow up mid term di poliklinik. Dilakukan analisa statistik untuk melihat hubungan antara resistensi vaskular paru (RVP) pra operasi dengan strain longitudinal ventrikel kanan saat follow up mid term serta perubahan strain longitudinal ventrikel kanan pasca operasi (delta strain).Hasil. Tidak terdapat korelasi antara RVP pra operasi dengan strain longitudinal speckle tracking ventrikel kanan saat follow up mid term pasca operasi (r 0,199 p 0,264) serta dengan perubahan strain longitudinal ventrikel kanan pasca operasi atau delta strain (r 0,174 p 0,350).Kesimpulan. Resistensi vaskular paru pra operasi tidak berhubungan dengan strain longitudinal speckle tracking ventrikel kanan saat follow up mid term pasca operasi serta dengan perubahan strain longitudinal ventrikel kanan pasca operasi atau delta strain.

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ABSTRACTBackground. In MS right ventikel (RV) dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension often occur as complication. There is no research that connects the pulmonary vascular resistance before surgery with RV function and its changes in the case of rheumatic mitral stenosis who underwent mitral valve surgery.Methods. This study is a prospective cohort study which involves 31 patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis who underwent surgery at National Cardiovaskular Center Harapan Kita Hospital from April 2014 to March 2015. Patients underwent echocardiography before surgery, after surgery pre-hospital discharge and mid-term follow-up at clinic. Statistical analysis was performed to see the relationship between preoperative pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) with RV function at mid term follow up, which is assessed using echocardiographic parameters right ventricular longitudinal speckle strain, and also with right ventricle longitudinal speckle strain postoperative changes (delta strain).Results. There is no correlation between pre operative PVR with RV longitudinal speckle strain at mid term follow-up (r 0,199 p 0,264), and post operative changes or delta strain (r 0.174 p 0.350).Conclusion. RVP before surgery is not associated with right ventricle longitudinal speckle strain at follow up mid term and post operative changes or delta strain., Background. Acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease is still regarded as animportant public health problem especially in developing countries. Mitral stenosis (MS) is asequale of rheumatic fever which are most commonly found. In MS right ventikel (RV)dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension often occur as complication. The right ventricle hasa smaller muscle mass so it is more sensitive to changes in pressure loads. There is noresearch that connects the pulmonary vaskular resistance before surgery with RV functionand also changes in the case of rheumatic mitral stenosis who underwent mitral valvesurgery.Methods. This study is a prospective cohort study which involves 31 patients with rheumaticmitral stenosis who underwent surgery at National Cardiovaskular Center Harapan Kita Hospital from April 2014 to March 2015. Patients underwent echocardiography before surgery, after surgery pre-hospital discharge and mid-term follow-up at clinic. Statisticalanalysis was performed to see changes in RV function with longitudinal speckle strain, aftersurgery pre-hospital discharge and mid-term follow-up at clinic. Analysis also performed tosee the relationship between preoperative pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) with RVfunction at mid term follow up, which is assessed using echocardiographic parameters rightventricular longitudinal speckle strain, and also with right ventricle longitudinal specklestrain postoperative changes (delta strain). Results. Right ventricular function after surgery seen with longitudinal speckle strainimproved from -12.94 ± 3.63 preoperatively into -13.06 ± 3.63 after surgery pre hospitaldischarge, and -15.25 ± 3.75 at follow-up evaluation (p 0.007). There is no correlationbetween pre operative PVR with longitudinal speckle strain at mid term follow-up (r 0,199 p0,264), and RV longitudinal speckle strain post operative changes or delta strain (r 0.174 p0.350). Conclusion. After mitral valve surgery, right ventricle longitudinal speckle strain improves.RVP before surgery is not associated with right ventricle longitudinal speckle strain at follow up mid term and right ventricle longitudinal speckle strain post operative changes or deltastrain. ]"

"Latar Belakang. Trombosis arteri merupakan salah satu komplikasi yang dapat terjadi pada pasien penyakit jantung bawaan (PJB) pasca tindakan kateterisasi jantung yang konsekuensinya dapat berat sampai mengancam nyawa. Kejadian ini dilaporkan bervariasi, sekitar 1%-30% oleh beberapa penelitian dengan faktor-faktor risiko yang ditemukan berkaitan dengan prosedur kateterisasi, usia dan berat badan. Hipoksemia pada PJB sianotik memicu berbagai abnormalitas yang meningkatkan risiko trombosis sesuai Trias Virchow, yaitu perubahan aliran darah, komposisi darah, dan integritas dinding pembuluh darah. Apakah faktor predisposisi ini yang merupakan faktor utama penyebab kejadian trombosis pada pasien PJB sianotik pasca kateterisasi belum diketahui dengan jelas. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara hipoksemia pada sianotik dengan terjadinya trombosis arteri pasca kateterisasi. Metode. Studi potong lintang ini dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Pusat Jantung Nasional Harapan Kita (RS PJNHK) pada pasien PJB yang menjalani kateterisasi. Subyek dipisahkan dalam kelompok sianotik dan asianotik berdasarkan jenis kelainan jantung dan dilakukan pengukuran saturasi darah yang diambil secara langsung dan pemeriksaan dengan oximetry perifer dengan titik potong 95% untuk mengetahui hipoksemia dan hipoksia. Pasca kateterisasi dilakukan pemeriksaan duplex ultrasonografi (USG) untuk melihat adanya trombosis arteri. Kejadian trombosis dinilai dengan temuan berupa trombus dan perubahan gelombang doppler sampai ke distal ekstremitas. Hasil Penelitian. Sebanyak 86 pasien PJB yang diikutsertakan dalam penelitian ini, dengan proporsi kelompok sianotik sebanyak 53 (61.6%) dan asianotik 33 (38.4%). Pada kelompok sianotik, trombosis terjadi pada 24.4%, sedangkan pada kelompok asianotik didapatkan 4.7%. Didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna antara hipoksemia pada PJB sianotik dengan terjadinya trombosis arteri pasca kateterisasi dengan risiko yang tinggi (OR 4.758; 95% IK 1.460-15.505; p= 0.006). Kesimpulan. Penelitian prospektif ini menemukan hubungan yang bermakna antara hipoksemia pada PJB sianotik dengan terjadinya trombosis arteri pasca kateterisasi. Risiko terjadinya trombosis lebih tinggi pada PJB sianotik.

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Background. Arterial thrombosis is one of complication that can happen to congenital heart disease patient post catheterization which consequence can be life threathening. According to many studies, the incidence varies between 1% to 30% and the risk factors are related to catheterization procedure, age and weight. Hypoxemia in cyanotic stimulates various abnormalities which based on Trias Virchow will increase the risk for thrombosis which are change in blood flow, blood composition and endothelial integrity. Whether this predisposition factor is the main factor causing post catheterization thrombosis is still uncertain. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to find the association between hypoxemia in cyanotic and the occurrence of post catheterization arterial thrombosis.

Methods. This cross sectional study is conducted in National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita (NCCHK) to congenital heart disease patients undergoing catheterization. The subjects are divided into 2 groups: cyanotic and acyanotic based on the abnormality of the heart and the degree of saturation that measured directly from the blood and peripheral oxygen saturation with oximetry. Hypoxemia was defined as oxygen saturation less than 95%. Duplex sonography is conducted post chateterization to find the arterial thrombosis. Thrombosis is diagnosed with the appearance of thrombus and the change of Doppler waveform from proximal to distal extremity.

Results. There are 86 post catheterization congenital heart disease patients involved in this study. They are subsequently divided into 2 groups: 53 (61.6%) in cyanotic group, and 33 (38.4%) in acyanotic group. Post catheterization arterial thrombosis is found in 24.4% of cyanotic subjects, and 4.7% in that of acyanotic subjects. Significant association between hypoxemia in cyanotic congenital heart disease and post catheterization arterial thrombosis is found. The risk for cyanotic congenital heart disease with hypoxemia to have arterial thrombosis is high. (OR 4.758; 95% IK 1.460-15.505; p= 0.006).

Conclusion. This prospective study has demonstrated the significant association between hypoxemia in cyanotic congenital heart disease with post catheterization arterial thrombosis. The risk for having thrombosis is high in cyanotic congenital heart disease."

"Latar belakang: Pasien pascabedah pintas arteri koroner (BPAK) mengalami penurunan fungsi paru akibat inflamasi perioperatif sehingga terjadi ketidakcocokan ventilasi/perfusi dan kelemahan otot pernapasan. Akibatnya saat beraktivitas, terjadi keterbatasan oksigen sehingga terjadi kelelahan otot lebih cepat dan kapasitas fungsional rendah. Latihan pernapasan diharapkan membantu memperbaiki kapasitas fungsional melalui perbaikan fungsi paru. Tujuan: Membuktikan manfaat latihan pernapasan terhadap kapasitas fungsional yang diukur dengan 6 Minutes walk test (6MWT) pada pasien pasca-BPAK yang menjalani rehabilitasi kardiovaskular fase II. Metode: Uji klinis dengan merandomisasi subjek pada kelompok perlakuan yang mendapat adjuvan latihan pernapasan atau menjalani program rehabilitasi standard. Diukur kapasitas inspirasi dan 6MWT pada awal dan akhir rehabilitasi fase II. Hasil: Dua puluh delapan subjek dirandomisasi menjadi 14 kelompok perlakuan dan 14 kelompok standard. Setelah menjalani program rehabilitasi, kelompok perlakuan dan standard mengalami peningkatan jarak 6MWT yang tidak berbeda bermakna (67 ± 62.9 meter VS. 53 ± 65.7 meter; p = 0.556 ) walau kelompok perlakuan mengalami peningkatan kapasitas inspirasi lebih baik daripada kelompok standard (1357 ± 691.4 mL VS 589 ± 411.5 mL; p = <0.001 ). Simpulan: Latihan pernapasan sebagai latihan adjuvan rehabilitasi kardiovaskular fase II pasca-BPAK tidak memperbaiki jarak 6MWT secara bermakna dibandingkan program rehabilitasi standard, hanya mempercepat perbaikan fungsi paru.

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Background : Patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery develop pulmonary dysfunction due to inflammation and respiratory muscle weakness, hence ventilation/perfusion mismatch occurs then leads to low functional capacity. Respiratory training has been identified to improve functional capacity by recovering pulmonary function faster.

Objectives : To study respiratory training benefit as adjuvant training in 2 phase of cardiovascular rehabilitation program after CABG for improving functional capacity measured by 6 minutes walk test/6MWT distance.

Methods : This single blind clinical trial randomized subjects into intervention group or standard group. Intervention group received respiratory training up to 60% of maximum inspiratory volume (MIV) as an adjuvant to the standard program. Then MIV and 6MWT distance were evaluated.

Result : Twenty eight subjects participated, 14 subjects were in intervention group and others were in standard group. Six MWT distance improvement is not significantly different between groups (67 ± 62.9 VS. 53 ± 65.7 meters respectively; p = 0.556 ). However, intervention group experienced better MIV improvement compared to standard group (1357 ± 691.4 VS. 589 ± 411.5 mL; p = <0.001 ).

Conclusion : Respiratory training as adjuvant training did not improve 6MWT distance among patients undergoing CABG surgery significantly."

"Latar Belakang : Telah banyak dipublikasikan berbagai macam algoritme untukmenentukan lokasi jaras tambahan pada pasien dengan sindroma Wolff-ParkinsonWhite.Algoritme-algoritme tersebut memiliki akurasi yang baik meskipunmemiliki alur yang komplek dan sulit untuk diingat. Berbagai macam algoritmeyang berkembang menggunakan morfologi delta wave dan polaritas komplek QRSdalam penyusunannya. Dengan adanya teknologi kateter ablasi yang ada saat inialgoritme yang komplek tidak diperlukan lagi. Diperlukan suatu algoritme yangsederhana, memiliki akurasi yang baik dan mudah diingat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai akurasi algoritme sederhana untuk memprediksi lokasi jarastambahan. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang yang dilakukan diDepartemen Kardiologi dan Kedokteran Vaskuler FKUI/ Pusat Jantung NasionalHarapan Kita PJNHK. Data yang diambil berupa elektrokardiografi EKG pada67 pasien dengan sindroma Wolff-Parkinson-White yang menjalani tindakan ablasiperiode Januari 2014 - Oktober 2016. Data EKG yang terkumpul dibacaberdasarkan algoritme baru oleh dua orang penilai independen kemudiandibandingkan dengan hasil ablasi pada tabel 2x2. Hasil Penelitian : sampel akhir sebanyak 47 data hasil bacaan EKG observerterpercaya dihitung berdasarkan tabel 2x2 dengan hasil ablasi. Hasil menunjukkanalgoritme ini memiliki sensitivitas left free wall 45, septal 80, right free wall92, spesifisitas left free wall 96, septal 69, right free wall 85. Nilai dugapositif NDP left free wall 90, septal 55, dan right free wall 67. Nilai duganegatif NDN left free wall 70, septal 88, dan right free wall 97. Akurasialgoritme bervariasi dari 73 -87. Didapatkan perhitungan kesepahaman antarpenilai dengan nilai kappa 0,74-0,93. Perhitungan likelihood ratio menunjukkanlikelihood ratio positif left free wall 11,23, septal 2,23, dan right free wall 6,57.Likelihood ratio negatif left free wall 0,57, septa 0,28, dan right free wall 0,09. Kesimpulan : Algoritme baru yang lebih sederhana ini memiliki akurasi yang baikdengan angka kesepahaman antar penilai yang baik sehingga dapat digunakansecara umum.

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Background : A lot of algorithms in localizing accessory pathway AP in patientswith Wolff Parkinson White Syndrome have been published. Although many ofthose methods have high accuracy, they are complicated and difficult to memorize.Most of the established algorithm use delta wave morphology and QRS polarity todetermine the location. With the technology of catheter ablation nowadays suchcomplex algorithms are not really needed. This study aim to investigate theaccuracy of a simple algorithm to predict the location of accessory pathways.

Methods : This was a cross sectional study conducted in the NationalCardiovascular Center Harapan Kita RSJPDHK Department Cardiology andVascular Medicine, FMUI. The electrocardiography ECG findings of 67 patientswith Wolff Parkinson White syndrome underwent ablations from January 2014until October 2016 were used in the current study. Those ECGs were analyzed usingthe new algorithm and were evaluated by two independent observers and comparedwith ablation results in a 2x2 table.

Results : The final number of samples was 47 ECGs. The algorithm showed it hada sensitivity of 45 on left free wall, 80 on septal, 92 on right free wall APs inaddition to the specificity of 96 on left free wall, 69 on septal, 85 on right freewall APs. Positive predictive value PPV were 90 on left free wall, 55 on septaland 67 on right free wall APs. Negative predictive value NPV were 70 on leftfree wall, 88 on septal and 97 on right free wall APs. Algorithm accuracy variedfrom 73 to 87. Inter observer agreement calculation was a kappa of 0.74 mdash 0.93.Likelihood ratio calculation identified the positive likelihood ratio of 11.23 on leftfree wall, 2.23 on septal and 6.57 on right free wall APs and negative likelihoodratio of 0.57 on left free wall, 0.28 on septal and 0.09 on right free wall APs.

Conclusion : This new and simple algorithm provide a remarkable accuracy with agood inter observer agreements. Therefore this algorithm is potential to beimplemented in general practice."

"Latar Belakang : Disfungsi diastolik ventrikel kiri DDVK subklinis seringterjadi dan dianggap sebagai prediktor penting gagal jantung dan kematian jangkapanjang. Deteksi dini adanya DDVK pada pasien hipertensi sangat pentingdilakukan dan memiliki makna klinis yang sangat diperlukan dalam aspektatalaksana yang tepat, sehingga dapat mengurangi morbiditas dan mortalitaspasien. Setyawan dkk mengembangkan suatu sistem skor diagnostik DDVK studiDSS pada pasien hipertensi di RSUD Tarakan Kalimantan Timur. Sistem skordiagnostik ini memiliki daya kalibrasi dan diskriminasi yang baik. Sampai saat inibelum ada validasi eksternal pada studi DSS tersebut, sehingga perlu dilakukanuntuk dapat selanjutnya diimplementasikan secara klinis. Tujuan : Memvalidasi secara eksternal Diastolic Dysfuction Scoring System DSS untuk mendiagnosis DDVK pada pasien hipertensi. Metode : Penelitian merupakan studi potong lintang dengan metode validasieksternal penuh yang dilakukan di Desa Gunungsari, Kecamatan Pamijahan,Bogor menggunakan data primer Januari 2017 hingga Februari 2017, yangdiambil secara total sampling. Analisis data ditujukan untuk mendapatkan nilaikalibrasi dan diskriminasi. Hasil : Sampel akhir studi validasi ini berjumlah 100, kejadian DDVK pada studiini 41 . Setelah dilakukan penghitungan skor DSS pada semua sampel studi,didapatkan nilai kalibrasi yang baik menggunakan uji Hosmer Lemeshow p =0,999 ; nilai hasil uji baik bila p>0,05 , sementara nilai diskriminasi didapatkanAUC yang kurang baik AUC = 0,594; 95 CI = 0,480 ndash; 0,708. Didapatkanobserved/expected sebesar 2,56, sensitivitas kurang 22 , dan spesifitas yangbaik 88. Kesimpulan : Studi DSS secara eksternal mempunyai kalibrasi yang baik dandiskriminasi yang kurang untuk memprediksi kejadian DDVK pada populasihipertensi di Desa Gunung Sari, Kecamatan Pamijahan, Bogor.

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Background : Subclinical left ventricular diastolic dysfunction is considered asimportant progression predictor and mortality due to heart failure. Diastolicdysfunction occurred before heart failure in hypertensive patients with preservedejection fraction, so that early diagnosis of diastolic dysfunction diagnosis is veryimportant. Several factors has been known related with left ventricular diastolicdys function. Setyawan dkk in 2016 developed Diastolic Dysfuction ScoringSytem DSS with good calibration and discrimination. However this score neverbeen externally validated.

Objective : To validate externally DSS study to diagnose left ventricular diastolicdysfunction in hypertensive population.

Methods : This is a cross sectional study with fully external validation methodthat performed at Gunungsari village, Pamijahan, Bogor using primary data fromJanuary 2017 until February 2017, which taken by total sampling method. Dataanalysis is intended to develop the calibration and discrimination level.

Results : The final samples were 100, with 41 sample have diastolicdysfunction. Callibration value with Hosmer Lemeshow showed good result withp 0.99 and poor discrimination AUC 0,594 95 CI 0,480 ndash 0,708 . We gotobserved expected ratio 2,56, fair sensitivity 22 , and good specificity 88.

Conclusion : DSS study externally have good callibration and poordiscrimination to diagnose left ventricle diastolic dysfunction in hypertensivepopulation in Gunung Sari village, Pamijahan, Bogor"

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Insulin receptor substrate-1 IRS-1 merupakan protein adaptor yang berada di sitoplasma dan memiliki peran penting dalam insulin signaling pathway. Adanya perubahan informasi genetik berupa polimorfisme pada gen IRS-1 diduga kuat berkontribusi terhadap kejadian resistensi insulin akibat terganggunya kaskade insulin signaling di sejumlah jaringan. Gangguan kaskade insulin signaling di pembuluh darah, terutama yang melibatkan PI3K menyebabkan penurunan sintesis NO yang selanjutnya akan berdampak terhadap kejadian disfungsi endotel. Polimorfisme gen IRS-1 berupa varian Gly972Arg menjadi predisposisi genetik terhadap kejadian disfungsi endotel dan penyakit kardiovaskuler.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara polimorfisme gen IRS-1 berupa varian Gly972Arg dengan kejadian disfungsi endotel yang dinilai dengan flow mediated dilation FMD .Metode: Suatu studi potong lintang dengan subjek penelitian adalah karyawan RSJPDHK yang telah menjalani penelitian IRS-1 di Divisi Litbang RSJPDHK. Didapatkan besar subjek penelitian adalah 81 orang. Data primer adalah hasil pemeriksaan FMD, sedangkan data sekunder diambil dari rekam medis. Genotyping IRS-1 rs1801278 diperiksa menggunakan alat Real Time PCR Applied Biosystem tipe ABI 7500 menggunakan metode Taq Man Assay dan pemeriksaan FMD dengan alat Aloka Prosound yang dilakukan di Divisi Vaskuler RSJPDHK.Hasil: Terdapat 81 subjek yang diikutsertakan dalam penelitian ini. Subjek dibagi dalam 3 kelompok, yakni grup wildtype/CC 14 orang , heterozigot/CT 52 orang , dan homozigot mutan/TT 15 orang . Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara polimorfisme gen IRS-1 berupa varian Gly972Arg dengan disfungsi endotel p= 0,019 . Setelah dilakukan penyesuaian terhadap merokok, hipertensi, diabetes melitus dan sindroma metabolik terdapat kecenderungan meningkatnya risiko disfungsi endotel berdasarkan pola polimorfisme OR 12,8; IK 95 1,5-106; p 0,018 pada grup CT dan OR 18; IK 95 1,8-183,3; p 0,015 pada grup TT .Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara polimorfisme gen IRS-1 berupa varian Gly972Arg dengan disfungsi endotel yang dinilai menggunakan FMD. Kata kunci: Insulin receptor substrate-1, polimorfisme gen, varian Gly972Arg, disfungsi endotel, flow mediated dilation

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ABSTRACT<>br>Background Insulin receptor substrate 1 functions as one of the key downstream signaling molecules in the insulin receptor signaling pathways. Insulin has multiple physiological effects on the vascular tissues including regulation of the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase eNOS . This regulatory effect of insulin on endothelial function is mediated via the activation of the signaling pathway involving the insulin receptor insulin receptor substrate 1 IRS 1 phosphoinositide 3 kinase PI3K . Thus genetic changes in IRS 1 may potentially contribute toward the development of insulin resistance. Gly972Arg IRS 1 variant may contribute to the genetic predisposition to develop endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. However, little is known about the interaction between Gly972Arg IRS 1 variant and endothelial dysfunction in vivo.Objective To investigate the genetic polymorphism and its relationship with endothelial dysfunction measured by flow mediated dilation FMD .Methods 81 subjects were genotyped for the Gly972Arg IRS 1 polymorphism using Taq Man method. FMD was performed using Aloka Prosound at the Vascular clinic.Results 81 subjects were clustered into three groups CC 17,3 , CT 64,2 and TT 18,5 . There was a significant relationship between Gly972Arg IRS 1 variant and endothelial dysfunction measured by FMD p 0,019 . After adjustment of smoking status, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome, there was an increased risk between Gly972Arg IRS 1 variant with endothelial dysfunction OR 12,8 95 CI 1,5 to 106 p 0,018 in CT group and OR 18 95 CI 1,8 to 183,3 p 0,015 in TT group .Conclusion Gly972Arg IRS 1 variant may be a significant genetic determinant for endothelial dysfunction measured by FMD."

"Latar belakang: Stenosis mitral SM akibat penyakit jantung reumatik PJR memiliki disfungsi sistolik ventrikel kiri VK secara subklinis bila menggunakan parameter global longitudinal strain GLS walaupun rata-rata pasien memiliki fraksi ejeksi FE baik. Pada PJR, inflamasi kronis menyebabkan terjadinya nekrosis fibrinoid, pada akhirnya menjadi fibrosis miokard. Berdasarkan teori ini, fibrosis miokard merupakan salah satu dasar teori yang mendasari disfungsi sistolik VK pada SM. Namun hingga kini penelitian yang menilai hubungan ini belum ditemukan.Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan GLS sebagai parameter fungsi sistolik dengan volume fibrosis VK pada SM akibat PJR.Metode: Studi potong lintang melibatkan pasien SM akibat PJR akan menjalani pemeriksaan MRI jantung untuk mengevaluasi fibrosis miokard dengan metode LGE dan ekokardiografi untuk menilai GLS. Kedua data diolah menggunakan analisa korelasi.Hasil: Terdapat 36 pasien subjek penelitian. Volume fibrosis miokard rata-rata VK 4,9 2,7 . Walaupun FE baik median 62 , nilai GLS menurun dibandingkan nilai rujukan normal 13,5 3,9 . GLS memiliki korelasi sedang dengan volume fibrosis VK r = -0,432; p 0,009 . Tidak ada korelasi antara GLS dengan area katup mitral maupun gradien tekanan transmitral rata-rata. Tidak didapatkan juga korelasi antara FE dengan volume fibrosis.Kesimpulan: GLS memiliki korelasi sedang dengan volume fibrosis VK pada pasien SM akibat PJR.

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Abstract Background. The correlation between the extent of myocardial fibrosis and subclinical LV systolic dysfunction in rheumatic mitral stenosis MS has not been widely studied. We sought to evaluate the correlation between the extent of LV myocardial fibrosis quantified by Late Gadolinium Enhancement LGE CMR and Global Longitudinal Strain GLS by Speckle Tracking Echocardiography STE in these patients.Methods. We prospectively evaluated 36 consecutive rheumatic MS patients who were planing to undergo intervention in our center. Then we evaluate the correlation between the extent of LV myocardial fibrosis quantified by Late Gadolinium Enhancement LGE CMR and Global Longitudinal Strain GLS by Speckle Tracking Echocardiography STE Results. Thirty six patients showed mean of LGE was 4,9 2,7 . Despite good ejection fraction median 59.5 , IQR 28 68 , the LV GLS was reduced mean 13.5 3.9 compared to normal reference value. There was moderate correlation between GLS and LGE r 0,432 p 0,009 . There are no correlations between GLS with mitral valve area MVA and mean mitral valve gradient mean MVG . No significant correlation was found between ejection fraction and LGE.Conclusion. There was moderate correlation between LGE and GLS in patients with rheumatic MS. Keywords Myocardial fibrosis global longitudinal strain late gadolinium enhancement CMR rheumatic mitral stenosis "

"Latar Belakang: Hipertensi berkontribusi secara bermakna terhadap morbiditas dan mortalitas kardiovaskular (KV) di dunia. Dua penyebab terpentingnya adalah asupan garam dan disfungsi endotel yang dapat dinilai menggunakan flow-mediated dilatation (FMD). Modifikasi keduanya dapat menurunkan morbiditas dan mortalitas hipertensi. Diet rendah natrium DRN belum diterapkan secara optimal di dunia karena keterbatasan produk garam rendah natrium. Belum ada studi tentang perbandingan efek diet rendah natrium yang bervariasi terhadap perbaikan fungsi endotel yang dinilai melalui FMD pada subjek hipertensi derajat I, khususnya di Indonesia. Metode: Uji klinis ini dilaksanakan di RSJPD Harapan Kita terhadap 52 subjek hipertensi derajat I (26 laki-laki dan 26 perempuan), berusia 25 - 59 tahun, dan berindeks massa tubuh 18,5 - 29,99 kg/m2. Subjek dieksklusi jika berpenyakit atau berfaktor risiko KV, memiliki penyakit liver, kanker, alergi rumput laut, infeksi berat, atau dalam terapi KV, hormonal, steroid, atau terapi herbal rutin. Data primer didapat dari anamnesis dan pemeriksaan fisik. Subjek-subjek dirandomisasi menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok DRN dengan kadar natrium 21 - 23% dan kelompok DRN dengan kadar natrium 38 - 40%, kedua diet diberikan dalam bentuk kuah. Nilai FMD diukur sebelum intervensi dan 60 menit setelahnya. Hasil: Karakteristik dasar, termasuk diameter arteri brakialis prakompresi dan pascakompresi serta FMD, tidak berbeda bermakna di antara kedua grup. Pada kelompok DRN 38 - 40%, nilai FMD pada menit ke-60 pasca-intervensi menurun dibandingkan nilainya pra-intervensi, tetapi perbedaan tersebut tidak bermakna median [kisaran]: 7,92 [0,00 - 17,50]; p>0,05). Pada kelompok DRN 21 - 23%, nilai FMD pada menit ke-60 pasca-intervensi meningkat dibandingkan nilainya pra-intervensi, tetapi perbedaan tersebut juga tidak bermakna 7,65 [1,36 - 19,51]; p>0,05). Simpulan: Nilai FMD pasca-intervensi tidak berbeda bermakna antarkelompok. Ketidakbermaknaan perbedaan nilai-nilai FMD dalam penelitian ini mungkin disebabkan oleh aspek-aspek internal subjek yang memengaruhi fungsi endotel dan prosedur evaluasi FMD.

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Background: Hypertension contributes significantly to cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality in the world. Two of its most important causes are salt intake and endothelial dysfunction which can be assessed using flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) test. Modification of both may decrease its morbidity and mortality. Low-sodium diet (LSD) has not been optimally implemented in the world due to the limited low-sodiumsalt products. There has been no study regarding the effects of low-sodium salt with various sodium concentrations on FMD of grade-I-hypertension subjects, especially in Indonesia. Methods: This clinical trial was conducted at the NCC Harapan Kita on 52 grade-Ihypertension subjects 26 men, 26 women , aged 25 - 59 years old, with body mass index of 18.5 - 29.99 kg/m2. Subjects were excluded if they had CVD, CV risk factors, liver disease, cancer, seaweed allergy, severe infection, or on routine CV-, hormonal-, steroid, or herbal-therapy. Primary data were collected from anamnesis and physical examinations. We randomly assigned the subjects into two groups, i.e. the group LSD with natrium concentration of 21 - 23% and the group of LSD with natrium concentration of 38-40% . Both diets were given in a soup form. The FMD values were measured before the intervention and 60 minutes after it. Results: Baseline characteristics, including pre-compression and post-compression brachial artery diameter and baseline FMD, were not significantly different between both groups. At group LSD 38 - 40%, FMD value at 60 minutes post-intervention was decreased compared to its baseline value, but the difference was not significant median [range]: 7.92 [0.00 mdash;17.50]; p>0.05). At group LSD 21 - 23%, FMD value at 60 minutes post-intervention was increased compared to its baseline value, but the difference was also not significant 7.65 [1.36 mdash;19.51]; p>0.05). Conclusion: The post-intervention FMD values were not significantly different between both groups. The non-significant differences between FMD values in this study may be due to the subjects' internal aspects influencing endothelial function and FMD evaluation procedure."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang. Pada penderita APTS/IMA-NEST, agregasi platelet dianggapsebagai faktor penyebab kejadian trombosis dan disfungsi mikrosirkulasi melaluimekanisme embolisasi distal. Pemeriksaan fungsi platelet berperan dalam menilaiderajat inhibisi platelet oleh pemberian antiplatelet khususnya clopidogrel.Tujuan. Menilai hubungan antara reaktivitas platelet dalam terapi clopidogrealdengan kejadian obstruksi mikrovaskular pada penderita APTS/IMA-NEST.Metode. Penelitian potong lintang dilakukan untuk menilai hubungan reaktivitasplatelet pada terapi clopidogrel dengan kejadian obstruksi mikrovaskular padapenderita APTS/IMA-NEST yang menjalani tindakan intervensi perkutan.Pengukuran nilai reaktivitas platelet dilakukan sebelum tindakan IKP minimal 6jam pasca loading dose clopidogrel 300 mg. Penilaian obstruksi mikrovaskulardiukur dengan myocardial blush grade (MBG) setelah intervensi koronerperkutan.Hasil. Total sebanyak 96 orang pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi penelitianselama periode Mei-Oktober 2012. Sebanyak 21 subjek (21.9%) dikategorikansebagai non responder dengan nilai reaktivitas platelet ≥ 47 U, sementarasebanyak 75 subjek (78.1%) dikategorikan sebagai responder (< 47U). Reratanilai reaktivitas platelet pada kelompok non responder 63.8±18.4 U berbanding28.3±10.34 U pada kelompok responder (p=0.000). Berdasarkan nilai myocardialblush grade, kelompok subjek dengan nilai MBG 0-1 ditemukan sebanyak 12subjek (12.5%) sementara kelompok subjek dengan nilai MBG 2-3 sebanyak 84subjek (87.5%) dengan rerata nilai reaktivitas platelet 47±26.3 U berbanding35.5±19.6 U (p=0.00). Terdapat perbedaan antara kedua kelompok terhadap skorGRACE ≥ 140 (75% vs 89,3%,p=0.17), tipe lesi ACC/AHA (58,4% vs33.4%,p=0.11), aliran TIMI (50% vs 2.3%, p=0.000), dan jumlah non responder (58.3%vs 16.6%, p=0.004). Melalui analisis multivariat, nilai reaktivitas platelet padaterapi clopidogrel memiliki hubungan dengan kejadian obstruksi mikrovaskulardengan odds ratio (OR) 6.8 (IK 95%:1,8-25.4, p=0.004).Kesimpulan. Terdapat hubungan antara nilai reaktivitas platelet pada terapiclopidogrel dengan kejadian obstruksi mikrovaskular pada penderita IMA-NESTyang menjalani tindakan IKP dalam masa perawatan di rumah sakit.

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ABSTRACTBackground. In the setting of UA/NSTEMI, platelet aggregation has a pivotalrole in trombosis and microcirculation dysfunction resulting from distalembolization, and the rate of microcirculation dysfunction will increase byiatrogenic plaque rupture during PCI. Platelet function tests has been widely usedto measure platelet inhibition level on antiplatelet therapy, particularly onclopidogrel.Objective. This study aimed to evaluate the association between plateletreactivity on clopidogrel treatment with microvascular obstruction after PCI inUA/NSTEMI patients.Method. A cross sectional study was conducted to evaluate the associationbetween platelet reactivity on clopidogrel treatment and microcvascularobstruction after PCI in UA/NSTEMI patients. Platelet reactivity was measuredbefore PCI minimal 6 hours after loading dose 300 mg clopidogrel, whilemicrovascular obstruction was evaluated by myocardial blush grade (MBG).Results. Out of 96 subjects examined during May to October 2012, 21 subjects(21.9%) was categorised as non responder (≥47 U) and 75 subjects (78.1%) asresponder (<47 U). Mean platelet reactivity in non responder group was 63.8±18.4U versus 28.3±10.34 U in responder group (p=0.000). Based on myocardialblush, MBG 0-1 was found in 12 subjects (12.5%) while MBG 2-3 was found in84 subjects (87.5%). There were difference in both groups on GRACE risk score≥ 140 (75% vs 89,3%,p=0.17), ACC/AHA type lesion (58,4% vs33.4%, p=0.11),TIMI flow (50% vs 2.3%, p=0.000), and number of responder subjects (58.3% vs16.6%, p=0.004) with mean platelet reactivity 47±26.3 U vs 35.5±19.6 U,respectively (p=0.00). Multivariate analysis showed that platelet reactivity onclopidogrel treatment is persistently associated with microvascular obstruction(OR 6.8, CI: 1,8-25.4, p=0.004).Conclusion. In this study, platelet reactivity on clopidogrel treatment isassociated with microvascular obstruction after stenting in UA/NSTEMI patients."

"Latar Belakang. Infark miokard akut (IMA) masih merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian tertinggi di Indonesia dan dunia. Kejadian perdarahan pada pasien IMA berkaitan dengan angka mortalitas yang jauh lebih tinggi. Kejadian perdarahan ditemukan lebih tinggi pada populasi IMA dengan elevasi segmen ST (IMA-EST) dibandingkan dengan IMA non elevasi segmen ST (IMA-NEST). Analisa register skala besar telah mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian perdarahan, dan beberapa diantaranya diaplikasikan sebagai sistem skor. Namun hingga saat tulisan ini dibuat, belum ada satupun sistem skor yang dibuat khusus untuk populasi IMA-EST. Metode. Studi retrospektif kohort dilakukan di Pusat Jantung Nasional Harapan Kita, Jakarta pada pasien IMA-EST yang menjalani intervensi koroner perkutan primer (IKPP). Kejadian perdarahan positif menggunakan definisi Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC). Karakteristik dasar, pemeriksaan klinis awal, data laboratorium, roentgen, terapi awal, tindakan IKPP, dan terapi selama perawatan merupakan kategori dari variabel yang dikumpulkan melalui rekam medis dan sistem informasi rumah sakit. Data kemudian diolah dengan analisis multivariat menggunakan metode logistik regresi dan diberikan pembobotan sehingga menjadi suatu sistem skor. Sistem skor ini kemudian diuji kembali dengan menggunakan populasi yang sama. Hasil. Sebanyak 579 sampel berhasil dikumpulkan, dengan 42 diantaranya mengalami perdarahan (7.3%). Variabel yang masuk ke dalam model akhir adalah jenis kelamin perempuan, kelas Killip 3 / 4, Umur ≥ 62 tahun, Leukosit >12.000, Kreatinin >1.5, IMT ≥ 25, Lesi koroner multipel, Akses femoral, dan Pemasangan TPM. Uji diskriminasi dan kalibrasi dari model akhir menunjukkan hasil yang baik. Model alternatif dibuat dengan menghilangkan variabel yang berkaitan dengan hasil dan prosedur tindakan intervensif. Kesimpulan. Sistem skor baru ini merupakan suatu sistem untuk memprediksi kejadian perdarahan pada populasi IMA-EST yang menjalani IKPP. Skor ini memiliki nilai kalibrasi dan diskriminasi yang baik sehingga diharapkan dapat membantu menentukan strategi tatalaksana selama perawatan.

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Background. Acute myocardial infarction still become one of the leading mortality cause in the world. Among these patients, ST elevation myocardial infartion (STEMI) has the greatest mortality rate among other type of Myocardial Infarction. When a myocard infarct patient have bleeding events, mortality rate greatly increased. Up until now, there is no specific bleeding risk assessment tool to predict bleeding events in STEMI patient.

Methods. A retrospective cohort study, done in National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Jakarta in STEMI patients underwent Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PPCI). Bleeding event was defined according to definition by Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC). Categories for data obtained was basic characteristics, clinical examinations, initial therapies, lab results, x-ray, PPCI procedures, and in hospital treatments. Statistical analysis was done using multivariat analysis using logistic regression method and then converted to a scoring system.

Result. 579 sampels fit the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Bleeding event occured in 42 patients (7.3%). Score was created by assignment of variables that included in the final model according to their Odds Ratio (OR) values. The variables are female gender, Killip class 3 / 4, Age ≥ 62 y.o, White blood cell >12.000, Creatinine >1.5, Body Mass Index ≥ 25, Multiple coronary lesion, Femoral access, and TPM implantation. These variabels was converted into two type of scoring system. The complete model contains all of the variables, and the alternative model discard variables related to interventional result and procedures.

Conclusion. A new scoring system quantifies risk for in-hospital bleeding event in STEMI patients underwent PPCI, which enhances baseline risk assessment for STEMI care."