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Abstrak :
Hipertensi tidak terkendali sebagai masalah kesehatan utama yang sering tidak terdiagnosa sehingga prevalensinya terus mengalami peningkatan dari tahun ke tahun. Kondisi tidak terkendali ini merupakan kontributor utama mortalitas dan morbiditas penyakit kardiovaskular. Prevalensi tertinggi hipertensi tersebar di negara sedang berkembang termasuk Indonesia. Namun, dari seluruh pasien hipertensi, hanya 37% yang mendapatkan tatalaksana obat antihipertensi. Semakin meningkatnya angka kejadian hipertensi terutama hipertensi tidak terkendali dari tahun ke tahun semakin mempertegas pentingnya evaluasi penatalaksanaan pada pasien hipertensi dalam mencapai hipertensi terkendali. Untuk menjawab permasalahan klinis tersebut, peneliti melakukan analisa data 198 rekam medis pasien hipertensi melalui penelitian dengan metode cross sectional di Poliklinik Ginjal dan Hipertensi IPD RSCM. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk melihat apakah terdapat hubungan antara jumlah pemberian obat antihipertensi dengan terkendalinya kendali tekanan darah. Dari seluruh data yang terkumpul, peneliti mengeksklusi data yang tidak lengkap hingga menjadi 117 data yang selanjutnya menunjukkan karakteristik pasien hipertensi. Penderita hipertensi 53% nya merupakan wanita. Selain itu, 50,4% pasien hipertensi berada pada status obesitas. Penelitian ini menunjukkan proporsi pasien dengan hipertensi tidak terkendali sebesar 41% dan 78,6% dari seluruh pasien hipertensi mendapatkan obat antihipertensi lebih dari dua obat. Pada pengobatan kombinasi, terdapat 47,8% pasien dengan hipertensi tidak terkendali dan 52,2% pasien dengan hipertensi terkendali, sedangkan pada pengobatan monoterapi terdapat 16% pasien dengan hipertensi tidak terkendali dan 84% pasien dengan hipertensi terkendali. Berdasarkan analisa uji hipotesis dengan Chi-square test, terhadap variabel jumlah pemberian obat didapatkan p= 0,004 (p<0,05) yang menunjukkan adanya hubungan bermakna antara jumlah pemberian obat antihipertensi dengan kendali tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi Poliklinik Ginjal dan Hipertensi IPD-RSCM. ......Uncontrolled-hypertension is one of the health problem which mostly undiagnosed in which its prevalence increase year by year. It is the main contributor for mortality and morbidity of cardiovascular disease. The highest prevalence of hypertension spread highly in most advancing countries such as Indonesia. Unfortunately, from all hypertensive patients, only 37% was prescribed for anti-hypertensive drugs. This proportion is out of those undiagnosed hypertension. The increasing number of uncontrolled-hypertension become an important factor to be evaluated factor in prescribing anti-hypertensive drugs for the patient. In line with this clinical question, researcher analyze 198 hypertensive patients? medical records by cross-sectional study in Renal and Hypertension Division of Internal Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. This study was conducted to analyze if there is an association between the number of prescribed anti-hypertensive drugs with the controlling condition of hypertension. From all hypertensive-patients datas, researcherexclude the unqualified datas becoming 117 datas which describe the characteristic of hypertensive patients datas. This research shows the proportion of hypertention in women about 53% ang 47% in men. Meanwhile, 50,4% patients are in obesity stage. From all datas, 41% patients have uncontrolled hypertension. All patients get anyhypertensive drugs with the proportion of using more than one drug is 78,6%. The proportion of patient on combination treatment is 47,8% diagnosed uncontrolled hypertension and 52,2% controlled hypertension, meanwhile in monotherapy patients, there is about 16% uncontrolled hypertension patient and 84% in controlled hypertension. Based on the analized datas by using Chi-square test, p value for the number of anti-hypertensive drugs is 0,004 (p<0,05). From this reasearch, researcher concludes that there is significant assosiation between the number of anti-hypertensive drugs given to hypertensive patients to the controlling factor of hypertension.

Abstrak :
Hipertensi merupakan masalah utama kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia. Dari Riskesdas tahun 2007 dilaporkan prevalensi penduduk Indonesia usia di atas 18 tahun yang menderita hipertensi mencapai 31,7%. Hipertensi seringkali disertai perubahan-perubahan metabolik, salah satunya dislipidemia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan hubungan kadar High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) terhadap kendali tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan metode cross sectional menggunakan data sekunder dari 117 rekam medis pasien hipertensi poliklinik penyakit dalam RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta. Uji hipotesis dilakukan menggunakan uji Chi-square. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan jumlah pasien hipertensi tidak terkendali sebanyak 48 pasien (41%). Jumlah pasien hipertensi tidak terkendali dengan kadar HDL rendah sebanyak 11 pasien (61,1%), sedangkan jumlah pasien hipertensi terkendali dengan kadar HDL rendah sebanyak 7 pasien (38,9%). Dari penelitian ini didapatkan proporsi pasien hipertensi tidak terkendali dengan kadar HDL rendah secara signifikan lebih besar dibandingkan pasien hipertensi terkendali dengan kadar HDL rendah, namun nilai p=0,060 (p>0,05) yang didapatkan menyimpulkan bahwa secara statistik tidak ada hubungan bermakna antara kadar HDL terhadap kendali tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi poliklinik penyakit dalam RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta. ......Hypertension is a major public health problem in Indonesia. Riskesdas 2007 reported the prevalence of Indonesia's population aged over 18 years who suffering hypertension achieve 31.7%. Hypertension is often accompanied by metabolic changes, one of them is dyslipidemia. This study aims to prove the association of High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) level to blood pressure control in hypertensive patients. Research is carried out by cross sectional method using secondary data from 117 medical records of hypertensive patients at internal medicine clinic Cipto Mangunkusumo general hospital. Hypothesis testing is done using the Chi-square test. From the results, the number of uncontrolled hypertensive patients were 48 patients (41%). The number of uncontrolled hypertensive patients with low HDL level were 11 patients (61.1%), while the number of controlled hypertensive patients with low HDL level were 7 patients (38.9%). From this study, the proportion of uncontrolled hypertensive patients with low HDL level is significantly greater than controlled hypertensive patients with low HDL level, but the value of p = 0.060 (p> 0.05) were obtained concluded that no statistically significant relationship between the level of HDL to blood pressure control in hypertesive patients at internal medicine clinic Cipto Mangunkusumo general hospital.

Abstrak :
Hipertensi sebagai penyebab kematian terbanyak di dunia seringkali disertai beberapa penyakit lain, di antaranya ialah diabetes melitus (DM) tipe 2. Beberapa studi sebelumnya menunjukkan DM tipe 2 berpengaruh terhadap ketidakterkendalian tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi, meningkatkan komplikasi kardiovaskular dan serebrovaskular. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara keduanyasehingga membantu dalam pencegahan, penatalaksanaan, serta deteksi dini komplikasi hipertensi. Penelitian yang dilakukan menggunakan menggunakan data sekunder dari rekam medik Poliklinik Ginjal Hipertensi Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Rumah Sakit Ciptomangunkusumo pada tahun 2013 dengan metode cross sectional. Melalui consecutive sampling didapatkan 117 jumlah sampel, diperoleh karakteristik berupa usia, jenis kelamin, kendali hipertensi, dan keberadaan diabetes melitus (DM) tipe 2. Didapatkan proporsi penderita DM tipe 2 pada pasien hipertensi ialah 30,8% dengan proporsi hipertensi tidak terkendali lebih tinggi (58,3%) dibandingkan proporsi hipertensi terkendali (41,7%). Sementara itu, pada pasien tanpa DM tipe 2, proporsi hipertensi tak terkendali (33,3%) lebih rendah dibandingkan proporsi hipertensi terkendali (66,7%) (p= 0,011; RP= 1,750; dan 95% CI= 1,157 ? 2,646). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa DM tipe 2 merupakan faktor risiko tekanan darah yang tidak terkendali pada pasien hipertensi. ......Hypertension as a major health problem causing death in the world is often accompanied by several other diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Several previous studies indicated that type 2 DM strongly correlated with uncontrolled hypertension, increased cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the relation between them, so that help in the prevention, management, and early detection of complications of hypertension. Research conducted using secondary data from medical records of Kidney Hypertension Polyclinic, Internal Medicine Department of Ciptomangunkusumo Hospital in 2013 with a cross sectional method. Through consecutive sampling 117 the number of samples obtained, acquired the characteristics of age, gender, blood pressure control, and the presence of type 2 DM. Analyzed using SPSS 20.0 obtained the proportion of patients with type 2 DM in hypertensive patients was 30.8% with the proportion of higher uncontrolled hypertension (58.3%) compared to the proportion of uncontrolled hypertension (41.7%). Meanwhile, in patients without type 2 DM, the proportion of uncontrolled hypertension (33.3%) was lower than the proportion of uncontrolled hypertension (66.7%) (p = 0.011; RP = 1.750, and 95% CI = 1.157 to 2.646). It can be concluded that type 2 DM is a risk factor for uncontrolled blood pressure in hypertensive patients.

Abstrak :
Hipertensi menduduki tempat kedua sebagai penyakit tidak menular terbanyak di Indonesia. Penyakit ini menyebabkan kerusakan multi organ hingga kematian. Hipertensi yang terkendali diharapkan dapat menunda komplikasi. Saat ini, hampir seperlima penduduk Indonesia obes. Obesitas berkaitan dengan kemunculan hipertensi namun belum diketahui hubungannya terhadap pengendalian hipertensi. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan penelitian mengenai hubungan obesitas terhadap kendali tekanan darah pasien hipertensi agar dapat membantu dalam penatalaksanaan hipertensi. Desain penelitian adalah cross-sectional mempergunakan data rekam medik pasien hipertensi poliklinik IPD RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta. Sejumlah 117 data terkumpul. Didapatkan prevalensi hipertensi tidak terkendali sebanyak 41%, dengan rasio terbanyak pada subjek laki-laki. Prevalensi obesitas sebesar 50,4%, dengan rasio terbanyak pada subjek perempuan. Pada kelompok obesitas didapatkan proporsi hipertensi terkendali 64,4%, dan hipertensi tidak terkendali 35,6%. Sedangkan pada kelompok tidak obes didapatkan proporsi hipertensi terkendali 53,4%, dan hipertensi tidak terkendali 46,6 % dengan nilai p = 0,228 (p>0,05), RP 0,765 dengan IK 95% 0,492 ? 1,188. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara obesitas dengan hipertensi tidak terkendali. ......Hypertension is the second most prevalent non-communicable disease in Indonesia capable of causing multi organ damages even death. The essential target in hypertension management is to achieve controlled blood pressure in order to delay its complications. Nowadays, approximately one in five Indonesian has become obese. Obesity itself is highly associated with hypertension occurrence. Yet, there is no distinct evidence that show its association to hypertension control. Thus, this research is aimed to find the association between obesity in hypertensive patients to the blood pressure control. Method used in this study is cross-sectional. As much as 117 secondary datas were collected from patients? medical records in Internal Medicine clinic diagnosed with hypertension. The prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension is 41% , dominated by male subjects. The prevalence of obesity among subjects is 50.4%, with higher proportion in females. Within the obese group, the proportion of controlled hypertension reaches 64.4%, while proportion for uncontrolled is 35.6%. Meanwhile, in the non-obese group, the proportion of controlled hypertension is 53.4%, whereas uncontrolled is 46,6%. The p-value result is 0.228 (p >0.05) with PR 0.765 with 95% CI 0.492 ? 1.188. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is no significant association between obesity with uncontrolled hypertension.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang Transplantasi ginjal telah menjadi pilihan utama terapi bagi pasien dengan penyakit ginjal tahap akhir, baik yang berasal dari donor hidup maupun donor jenazah. Transplantasi ginjal memiliki risiko yang lebih rendah baik untuk mortalitas maupun kejadian kardiovaskular, serta memiliki kualitas hidup yang lebih baik dibandingkan pasien yang menjalani dialisis kronis, baik hemodialisis maupun dialisis peritoneal. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kesintasan transplantasi ginjal di RSUPN Ciptomangunkusumo tahun 2010-2017.

Metode Penelitian Desain penelitian ini adalah kohort retrospekstif menggunakan data rekam medis pasien transplantasi ginjal. Sampel penelitian adalah resipien transplantasi ginjal ≥ 18 tahun di di RSUPN Ciptomangunkusumo tahun 2010-2017, yaitu sebanyak 548 pasien.

Hasil penelitian probabilitas kesintasan resipien transplantasi ginjal selama pengamatan 5 tahun adalah 84,1% Hasil analisis dengan regresi cox menunjukkan bahwa resipien dengan donor yang berusia ≥ 40 tahun lebih cepat 1,487 kali untuk meninggal dibandingkan resipien dengan donor yang berusia < 40 tahun, resipien yang berusia ≥ 45 tahun lebih cepat 2,356 kali untuk meninggal dibandingkan pasien yang berusia <45 tahun, lama hemodialisis ≥ 24 bulan lebih cepat 2,356 kali untuk meninggal dibandingkan pasien yang lama hemodialisisnya < 24 bulan, skor charlson > 1 lebih cepat 2,861 kali untuk meninggal dibandingkan pasien yang skor charlson ≤ 1, resipien yang memiliki DM lebih cepat 2,947 kali untuk meninggal dibandingkan dengan yang tidak DM.

Simpulan Kesintasan lima tahun di Indonesia cukup baik. Insiden kematian relatif tinggi, menyebabkan penurunan kelangsungan hidup pasien lima tahun. Namun, hasil keseluruhan masih sebanding dengan negara-negara berkembang lainnya

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ABSTRACT
Background Kidney transplantation has become the main choice of therapy for patients with end-stage kidney disease, both from living donors and donor bodies. Kidney transplantation has a lower risk for both mortality and cardiovascular events, and has a better quality of life than patients who undergo chronic dialysis, both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. This study aims to determine the factors that influence the survival of kidney transplants in Ciptomangunkusumo Hospital in 2010-2017.

Methods A retrospective cohort study with total consecutive sampling is performed on all kidney transplant recipients in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from March 2019 until May 2019. Data is acquired by analysing medical records and contacting patients directly. Each recipient is followed from the day of transplant until death or december 2018, whichever comes first. Five-year death and patient survival is documented. Kaplan-Meier Curve is used to describe patient survival until the end of study and analysis with Cox regression.

Result which was as many as 548 patients. The results of this study indicate the probability of survival of kidney transplant recommendations during the 5-year observation was 84.1%. The results of the analysis with Cox regression showed that donors aged ≥ 40 years were 1,487 faster to die than recipients with donor aged <40 years, prescriptions aged ≥ 40 years 2,356 times faster to die than patients aged <40 years, duration of hemodialysis ≥ 24 months faster 2,356 times to die compared to patients with long hemodialysis <24 months, Charles score> 1 faster 2,861 times to die than patients who score charlson ≤ 1, the recipients who have DM are 2.97 times faster to die compared to those without DM .

Conclusions The outcome of five-year death in Indonesia is very satisfactory. The incidence of death is relatively high, causing a decline in five-year patient survival. However, the overall results are still comparable to other developing countries.

Abstrak :
Saat ini data peritonitis rate dan angka kematian pasien penyakit ginjal kronik (PGK) stadium akhir pengguna terapi Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) di Asian Tenggara masih terbatas. Angka peritonitis rate dan angka kematian pasien CAPD merupakan key performance indicator (KPI) yang diperlukan untuk melakukan evaluasi dan perbaikan mutu pelayanan secara berkelanjutan/continuous quality improvement (CQI) terhadap pelayanan terapi CAPD di rumah sakit. Peritonitis dapat menyebabkan kegagalan terapi CAPD sehingga pasien beralih ke metode hemodialisis atau berujung kematian. Metode CAPD memiliki keunggulan dibandingkan hemodialisis karena lebih hemat biaya, memberikan kualitas hidup lebih baik dan tidak memerlukan perawatan khusus di pusat hemodialisis. Metode ini cocok diterapkan di negara Asia Tenggara yang mengalami peningkatan jumlah penderita PGK tahap akhir yang membutuhkan biaya terapi sangat besar namun memiliki dana serta sumber daya terbatas. Tujuan utama systematic review ini untuk mengetahui peritonitis rate dan angka kematian pasien CAPD di Asia Tenggara. Systematic review menggunakan data renal registry serta basis data PubMed dan ProQuest khusus berbahasa Inggris dan Indonesia sejak tanggal 1 Januari 1992 sampai dengan 1 November 2022. Semua jenis studi yang memberikan informasi terkait peritonitis rate dan angka kematian pasien CAPD diambil dalam penelusuran systematic review. Penulis menyaring, memilih dan mengekstrak data sesuai skema systematic review PRISMA 2020. Artikel terpilih diberikan tinjauan kritis dan dilakukan sintesis data. Hasil sintesis data dilaporkan secara secara naratif serta diperjelas dengan tabel dan diagram. Dalam melakukan systematic review penulis menggunakan aplikasi Mendeley dan Microsoft Exel 2010 sebagai alat bantu. Hasil: Dari pencarian database Pubmed (1397) dan Proquest (422) serta laporan renal registry total terjaring 1819 artikel dan 5 laporan renal registry. Setelah proses penyaringan dan tinjauan kritis diperoleh 34 artikel dan 3 laporan renal registry. Hasil analisis menunjukkan telah terjadi penurunan tingkat peritonitis rate di Asia Tenggara dalam kurun waktu 1993-2022. Terdapat 4 negara yaitu Indonesia (0,25 episode per pasien-tahun),Vietnam (0,19 episode per pasien-tahun), Singapura (0,31-0,339 episode per pasien-tahun) dan Malaysia (0,13-0,33 episode per pasien-tahun) secara umum mencapai target International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD)2022 yaitu tingkat peritonitis dibawah 0,4 episode episode per pasien-tahun. Adapun Thailand (0,39-0,864 episode per pasien-tahun) dan Brunei Darussalam (0,38-0,49 episode per pasien-tahun) belum mencapai target yang telah ditetapkan oleh International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD) 2022. Sebagian besar angka kematian di bawah 20%. Angka kematian akibat peritonitis berkisar 3,2-5,5%. Mikroorganisme penyebab peritonitis yang paling sering ditemukan adalah Staphylococcus aureus dan Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. Faktor risiko peritonitis yang ditemukan yaitu faktor usia tua (60 tahun keatas); diabetes milletus; sosial ekonomi rendah; tidak adanya sumber air bersih; hipoalbuminemia; kemampuan pasien CAPD dalam menerapkan tindakan aseptik saat pertukaran cairan dialisat yang buruk; rasio pasien-perawat lebih dari (50:1); jarak rumah yang jauh dari pusat dialisis; letak geografis dan penggunaan mupirocin topikal pada exit-site CAPD. Penggunaan cairan dialisat Dextrosa 4,2% yang sering dan terus menerus meningkatkan risiko kematian pada pasien CAPD sebanyak 2 kali lipat. Kesimpulan: Sebagian besar Negara di Asia Tenggara memiliki kualitas pelayanan yang baik terhadap pasien penyakit ginjal kronik stadium akhir pengguna terapi CAPD. Untuk mencapai kualitas pelayanan CAPD yang baik diperlukan bagi rumah sakit untuk memperhatikan faktor risiko peritonitis dan faktor risiko kematian dalam melakukan seleksi terhadap pasien CAPD serta melakukan pelatihan terhadap pasien CAPD sesuai rekomendasi International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD). ......Currently data on the peritonitis rate and mortality rate of end-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients using Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) therapy in Southeast Asia are still limited. The peritonitis rate and mortality rate of CAPD patients are key performance indicators (KPI) needed to evaluate and improve continuous quality improvement (CQI) for CAPD therapy services in hospitals. Peritonitis can lead to failure of CAPD therapy so that patients switch to hemodialysis methods or lead to death. The CAPD method has advantages over hemodialysis because it is more cost-effective, provides a better quality of life and does not require special treatment at a hemodialysis center. This method is suitable for use in Southeast Asian countries where there is an increasing number of end-stage CKD patients who require very large therapeutic costs but have limited funds and resources. The main aim of this systematic review is to determine the peritonitis rate and mortality rate of CAPD patients in Southeast Asia. The systematic review used renal registry data and the English and Indonesian PubMed and ProQuest databases from January 1 1992 to November 1 2022. All types of studies that provided information regarding the peritonitis rate and mortality rate of CAPD patients were included in a systematic review search. The author filters, selects and extracts data according to the PRISMA 2020 systematic review scheme. Selected articles are given a critical review and data synthesis is carried out. The results of data synthesis are reported in a narrative manner and clarified by tables and diagrams. In carrying out a systematic review, the author uses the Mendeley application and Microsoft Exel 2010 as a tool. Results: From a search of the Pubmed (1397) and Proquest (422) databases and renal registry reports, a total of 1819 articles and 5 renal registry reports were captured. After screening and critical review, 34 articles and 3 renal registry reports were obtained. The results of the analysis show that there has been a decrease in the peritonitis rate in Southeast Asia in the period 1993-2022. There are 4 countries namely Indonesia (0.25 episodes per patient-year), Vietnam (0.19 episodes per patient-year), Singapore (0.31-0.339 episodes per patient-year) and Malaysia (0.13-0, 33 episodes per patient-year) generally achieves the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD) 2022 target of a peritonitis rate below 0.4 episodes per patient-year. Meanwhile, Thailand (0.39-0.864 episodes per patient-year) and Brunei Darussalam (0.38-0.49 episodes per patient-year) have not yet reached the target set by the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD) 2022. Most of them mortality rate below 20%. The mortality rate from peritonitis ranges from 3.2-5.5%. The most common microorganisms that cause peritonitis are Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. The risk factors for peritonitis found were old age (60 years and over); milletus diabetes; low socioeconomic; lack of clean water sources; hypoalbuminemia; poor ability of CAPD patients to apply aseptic measures during dialysate fluid exchange; patient-nurse ratio more than (50:1); the distance from the house to the dialysis center; geographic location and use of topical mupirocin in CAPD exit-sites. Frequent and continuous use of Dextrose 4.2% dialysate fluid increases the risk of death in CAPD patients by 2 times. Conclusion: Most countries in Southeast Asia have good quality of care for patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease using CAPD therapy. To achieve good quality CAPD services, it is necessary for hospitals to pay attention to risk factors for peritonitis and risk factors for death in selecting CAPD patients and conducting training for CAPD patients according to the recommendations of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD).

Abstrak :
Latar belakang: IKPP merupakan salah satu pilihan terapi reperfusi. Kesintasan pasien pasca IKPP dipengaruhi berbagai faktor. Namun, dari hasil penelitian lain pengaruh faktor-faktor tersebut terhadap kesintasan memiliki hasil yang kontradiktif. Tujuan: Mengetahui kesintasan satu tahun pasien yang menjalani IKPP di RSCM dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya. Metode: Studi kohort retrospektif dilakukan dengan menelusuri RM pasien yang menjalani IKPP di RSCM periode Januari 2014 hingga Desember 2019. Pasien diamati selama satu tahun dengan luaran berupa mortalitas kardiovaskular. Analisis kesintasan dilakukan dengan metode Kaplan-Meier dan uji log rank untuk melihat kemaknaannya. Setelah itu, dilakukan analisis multivariat. Hasil: Didapatkan sebanyak 220 pasien untuk diteliti. Kesintasan satu tahun pasien pasca IKPP di RSCM sebesar 88,2% (SE 0,254) dengan rerata usia sebesar 54,96 ± 9,51 tahun di mana usia < 60 tahun (72,3%), laki-laki (85%), hiperglikemia (65%), Killip I-II (74,1%), dan lesi anterior (89,5%) memiliki proporsi lebih banyak. Sedangkan, obesitas (39,5%), kadar kreatinin serum tinggi (34,1%), dan PJK 3PD (45,5%) memiliki proporsi yang lebih sedikit. Rasio monosit-HDL memiliki nilai median 14,53 (0 – 61,4). Dari analisis multivariat didapatkan usia > 60 tahun dengan HR 4,25 (IK95% 1,93 – 9,37), kreatinin serum tinggi dengan HR 2,41 (IK 95% 1,08 – 5,33), dan nilai Killip III-IV dengan HR 4,06 (IK 95% 1,83 – 9,00) memengaruhi kesintasan satu tahun pasien pasca IKPP. Kesimpulan: Kesintasan satu tahun pasca IKPP di RSCM sebesar 88,2% (SE 0,254), dipengaruhi oleh usia, rasio monosit-HDL, dan nilai Killip. ......Background: Primary PCI plays important roles as reperfusion therapy in STEMI. The survival rate of post-Primary PCI patients is affected by some of risk factors. However, the effect of these factors on survival has contradictory results from others studies. Objective: To assess the one-year survival of patients undergoing Primary PCI in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia (RSCM) and factors affecting. Method: A retrospective cohort study was conducted by tracing the medical records of patients undergoing Primary PCI at RSCM for the period January 2014 to December 2019. Patients were observed for one year after Primary PCI for cardiovascular mortality outcomes. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method, then log rank test to see its significance. Then, multivariate analysis was performed. Results: There were 220 patients to be studied. One-year survival rate of patients undergoing Primary PCI in RSCM is 88.2% (SE 0.254). The mean age of this study is 54.96 ± 9.51 years with groups of age < 60 years, males, hyperglycemia on admission, Killip I-II, and anterior lesions had higher proportions (respectively: 72.3%, 85%, 65%, 74.1%, and 89.5%). Meanwhile, the groups of obesity, high serum creatinine level, and CAD 3VD had lower proportions (39.5%, 34.1%, and 45.5%, respectively). The monocyte-HDL ratio has a median value of 14.53 (0 – 61.4). The variables of age > 60 years, high serum creatinin, and Killip III-IV values affect one-year survival with HR 4.25 (CI95% 1.93 – 9.37), 2.41 (CI95% 1.08 – 5.33), and 4.06 (CI95% 1.83 – 9,00), respectively. Conclusion: One year survival after Primary PCI in RSCM is 88.2% (SE 0.254), affected by age, high serum creatinine, and Killip scores.

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Insiden dan case fatality rate pasien terinfeksi dengue di Indonesia masih tinggi. Penyebab kematian utama pada infeksi dengue adalah renjatan yang disebabkan oleh kebocoran plasma. Kejadian hiponatremia dan hipokalemia sering ditemukan pada pasien yang mengalami infeksi dengue, namun keduanya tidak termasuk penanda kebocoran plasma dalam kriteria DBD oleh WHO. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui rerata penurunan kadar natrium dan kalium serum pada pasien terinfeksi dengue dengan atau tanpa kebocoran plasma, dan mengonfirmasi penelitian sebelumnya apakah kadar natrium dan kalium bisa dipakai sebagai penanda kebocoran plasma. Metode: Studi kohort prospektif dilaksanakan pada pasien terinfeksi dengue ≥ 16 tahun dengan demam mendadak ≤ 3 hari yang dirawat di ruang rawat inap Penyakit Dalam RS Cipto Mangunkusumo dan RS Persahabatan Jakarta pada pada Agustus 2013-Juni 2014. Dilakukan pemeriksaan natrium serum, kalium serum, albumin, dan ultrasonografi untuk melihat adanya penebalan kandung empedu, asites dan efusi pleura pada pasien terinfeksi dengue pada hari pertama masuk perawatan dan hari kelima demam. Untuk mendapatkan rerata penurunan natrium dan kalium serum antara pasien terinfeksi dengue yang mengalami kebocoran plasma dan yang tidak, digunakan uji komparatif t-test tidak berpasangan. Hasil: Terdapat 35 orang subjek penelitian pasien terinfeksi dengue yang diambil secara konsekutif. Rerata kadar natrium serum pada pasien Demam Dengue (DD) pada saat masuk 134,66 ± 4,00 mEq/L dan pada hari kelima demam 130,95 ± 4,80 mEq/L. Sementara pada pasien Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) didapatkan kadar natrium pada saat masuk 132,469 ± 3,45 mEq/L dan pada saat hari kelima 129,35 ± 2,67 mEq/L. Perbedaan rerata penurunan kadar natrium antara pasien DBD dengan DD sebesar 0,43 mEq/L, IK 95% [-2,56; 3,42], p = 0,386. Rerata kadar kalium serum pada pasien DD pada saat masuk 3,48 ± 0,44 mEq/L dan pada hari kelima demam 3,39 ± 0,38 mEq/L. Sementara pada pasien DBD didapatkan rerata kadar kalium pada saat masuk 3,32 ± 0,25 mEq/L dan pada hari kelima demam 3,11 ± 0,30 mEq/L. Perbedaan rerata penurunan kadar kalium pasien DBD dengan DD sebesar 0,12 mEq/L, IK 95% [-0,34; 0,10], p = 0,145. Simpulan: Tidak didapatkan perbedaan rerata penurunan kadar natrium dan kalium serum pada pasien terinfeksi dengue dengan kebocoran plasma dibandingkan dengan tanpa kebocoran plasma.

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ABSTRACT
Background: Incidence and case fatality rate of dengue-infected patients in Indonesia is still high. The main causes of death in dengue infection is shock caused by plasma leakage. The incidence of hyponatremia and hypokalemia often found in patients with dengue infection, but they do not include markers of plasma leakage in DHF criteria by WHO. This study aims to determine the average decrease of serum sodium and potassium levels in patients infected with dengue with or without plasma leakage, and confirm previous studies whether the levels of sodium and potassium can be used as a marker of plasma leakage. Method: A prospective cohort study conducted in patients infected with dengue ≥ 16 years old with sudden fever ≤ 3 days treated in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital and Persahabatan Hospital in Jakarta between August 2013 to June 2014. Checking serum sodium, potassium, albumin, and ultrasound to see the thickening of the gall bladder, ascites and pleural effusion in patients infected with dengue on the first day of treatment and the fifth day of fever. We used comparative unpaired t-test to obtain an average decrease in serum levels of sodium and potassium between dengue infected patients who undergo plasma leakage and are not. Results: There were 35 research subjects infected with dengue taken consecutively. The average of serum sodium levels in patients with Dengue Fever (DF) at the time of entry was 134,66 ± 4,00 mEq/L and on the fifth day of fever was 130,95 ± 4,80 mEq/L. While in patients with Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) obtained sodium levels at the time of entry was 132,469 ± 3,45 mEq/L and on the fifth day of fever was 129,35 ± 2,67 mEq/L. The difference of the average of decreased level of sodium between DHF and DF patients was 0,43 mEq/L, CI 95% [-2,56; 3,42], p = 0,386. The average of serum potassium levels in patients with DF at the time of entry was 3,48 ± 0,44 mEq/L and on the fifth day of fever was 3,39 ± 0,38 mEq/L. While in patients with DHF, obtained potassium levels at the time of entry was 3,32 ± 0,25 mEq/L and on the fifth day of fever was 3,11 ± 0,30 mEq/L. The difference of the average of decreased level of potassium between DHF and DF patients was 0,12 mEq/L, CI 95% [-0,34; 0,10], p = 0,145. Conclusion: There were no differences in average of decreased level of serum sodium and potassium in dengue-infected patients with plasma leakage compared to without plasma leakage;Background: Incidence and case fatality rate of dengue-infected patients in Indonesia is still high. The main causes of death in dengue infection is shock caused by plasma leakage. The incidence of hyponatremia and hypokalemia often found in patients with dengue infection, but they do not include markers of plasma leakage in DHF criteria by WHO. This study aims to determine the average decrease of serum sodium and potassium levels in patients infected with dengue with or without plasma leakage, and confirm previous studies whether the levels of sodium and potassium can be used as a marker of plasma leakage. Method: A prospective cohort study conducted in patients infected with dengue ≥ 16 years old with sudden fever ≤ 3 days treated in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital and Persahabatan Hospital in Jakarta between August 2013 to June 2014. Checking serum sodium, potassium, albumin, and ultrasound to see the thickening of the gall bladder, ascites and pleural effusion in patients infected with dengue on the first day of treatment and the fifth day of fever. We used comparative unpaired t-test to obtain an average decrease in serum levels of sodium and potassium between dengue infected patients who undergo plasma leakage and are not. Results: There were 35 research subjects infected with dengue taken consecutively. The average of serum sodium levels in patients with Dengue Fever (DF) at the time of entry was 134,66 ± 4,00 mEq/L and on the fifth day of fever was 130,95 ± 4,80 mEq/L. While in patients with Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) obtained sodium levels at the time of entry was 132,469 ± 3,45 mEq/L and on the fifth day of fever was 129,35 ± 2,67 mEq/L. The difference of the average of decreased level of sodium between DHF and DF patients was 0,43 mEq/L, CI 95% [-2,56; 3,42], p = 0,386. The average of serum potassium levels in patients with DF at the time of entry was 3,48 ± 0,44 mEq/L and on the fifth day of fever was 3,39 ± 0,38 mEq/L. While in patients with DHF, obtained potassium levels at the time of entry was 3,32 ± 0,25 mEq/L and on the fifth day of fever was 3,11 ± 0,30 mEq/L. The difference of the average of decreased level of potassium between DHF and DF patients was 0,12 mEq/L, CI 95% [-0,34; 0,10], p = 0,145. Conclusion: There were no differences in average of decreased level of serum sodium and potassium in dengue-infected patients with plasma leakage compared to without plasma leakage, Background: Incidence and case fatality rate of dengue-infected patients in Indonesia is still high. The main causes of death in dengue infection is shock caused by plasma leakage. The incidence of hyponatremia and hypokalemia often found in patients with dengue infection, but they do not include markers of plasma leakage in DHF criteria by WHO. This study aims to determine the average decrease of serum sodium and potassium levels in patients infected with dengue with or without plasma leakage, and confirm previous studies whether the levels of sodium and potassium can be used as a marker of plasma leakage. Method: A prospective cohort study conducted in patients infected with dengue ≥ 16 years old with sudden fever ≤ 3 days treated in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital and Persahabatan Hospital in Jakarta between August 2013 to June 2014. Checking serum sodium, potassium, albumin, and ultrasound to see the thickening of the gall bladder, ascites and pleural effusion in patients infected with dengue on the first day of treatment and the fifth day of fever. We used comparative unpaired t-test to obtain an average decrease in serum levels of sodium and potassium between dengue infected patients who undergo plasma leakage and are not. Results: There were 35 research subjects infected with dengue taken consecutively. The average of serum sodium levels in patients with Dengue Fever (DF) at the time of entry was 134,66 ± 4,00 mEq/L and on the fifth day of fever was 130,95 ± 4,80 mEq/L. While in patients with Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) obtained sodium levels at the time of entry was 132,469 ± 3,45 mEq/L and on the fifth day of fever was 129,35 ± 2,67 mEq/L. The difference of the average of decreased level of sodium between DHF and DF patients was 0,43 mEq/L, CI 95% [-2,56; 3,42], p = 0,386. The average of serum potassium levels in patients with DF at the time of entry was 3,48 ± 0,44 mEq/L and on the fifth day of fever was 3,39 ± 0,38 mEq/L. While in patients with DHF, obtained potassium levels at the time of entry was 3,32 ± 0,25 mEq/L and on the fifth day of fever was 3,11 ± 0,30 mEq/L. The difference of the average of decreased level of potassium between DHF and DF patients was 0,12 mEq/L, CI 95% [-0,34; 0,10], p = 0,145. Conclusion: There were no differences in average of decreased level of serum sodium and potassium in dengue-infected patients with plasma leakage compared to without plasma leakage]

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Latar Belakang : Mortalitas akibat kondisi hipertiroid sebesar 20% dan peningkatan kematian sebesar 1,13x. Mortalitas akibat penyakit pada kelenjar tiroid dihubungkan dengan kejadian kardiovaskuler, salah satunya infark miokard yang diperantarai oleh mekanisme aterosklerosis. Pemeriksaan ketebalan tunika intima-media arteri karotis (CIMT) direkomendasikan untuk menilai risiko kejadian KV. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan ketebalan tunika intima-media pada pasien Graves kondisi hipertiroid dengan kondisi remisi. Metode : Penelitian ini bersifat cross-sectional dengan populasi terjangkau adalah pasien Graves yang berobat ke poliklinik metabolik endokrinologi RSCM yang dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2019 hingga April 2020. Kondisi overt hipertiroid didefinisikan dengan pasien Graves yang masih memiliki gejala toksik dengan laboratorium TSH rendah dan FT4 tinggi, belum mendapat pengobatan atau belum eutiroid dalam pengobatan minimal 3 bulan. Kondisi remisi didefinisikan dengan kondisi eutiroid setelah berhenti pengobatan selama minimal 6 bulan. Pasien kemudian diambil data dan dilakukan pemeriksaan laboratorium meliputi TSH, fT4, profil lipid, gula darah dan pemeriksaan EKG. Setelahnya dilakukan pemeriksaan CIMT menggunakan USG doppler dengan software yang secara otomatis mengukur CIMT sebanyak 3x pada sisi kanan dan kiri arteri karotis, kemudian diambil nilai rata rata pemeriksaan tersebut. Hasil Penelitian : Didapatkan 32 pasien kondisi overt hipertiroid dan 17 kondisi remisi. Median tebal tunika intima-media arteri karotis (CCA-IMT) pada subjek overt hipertiroid adalah 0,473 mm dengan rentang 0,384-0,639 mm. Median CCA-IMT pada subjek remisi adalah 0,488 mm dengan rentang 0,388-629 mm. Tidak didapatkan perbedaan rerata CIMT pada kondisi hipertiroid dan kondisi remisi (p :0,109). Dalam analisis tambahan didapatkan bahwa didapatkan adanya pengaruh usia dalam ketebalan tunika intima media pada pasien graves baik kondisi overt hipertiroid dan kondisi remisi. Background : Mortality caused by hyperthyroid estimated around 20% and increasing risk of date 1,13 times than all-caused mortalitu. Hyperthyroid associated with cardiovascular event, such as atherosclerosis mediated myocardial infarction. Carotid intima media thickness recommended to evaluate risk of cardiovascular event. Aim of this study to compare CIMT between overt hyperthyroid and remission in Graves disease. Method : This is cross-sectional study with targeted population was Graves patient who came in metabolic endocrinology policlinic in Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital. This study being done within December 2019 until April 2020. Overt hyperthyroid was defined as clinically toxic as well as laboratorium supported for thyrotoxicosis, treatment naïve or havent reached euthyroid within 3 month of treatment. While remission defined as clinical and laboratorium euthyroid after minimal 6 month stopping anti thyroid drugs. History, physical examination, laboratorium examination (included TSH, fT4, lipid profile, fasting blood glucose) as well as electrocardiogram obtained. CIMT evaluated in right and left artery carotid with ultrasonography that automatically count for thickness intima media then calculated means after 3 times examination. Data then collected and being analysed. Result : we collect 32 patient in overt hyperthyroid and 17 in remission state. Median CIMT in overt hyperthyroid and in remission state was 0,473 mm and 0,488 mm, consecutively, p : 0,109. Additional multivariate analysis stated aged had correlation with carotid intima media in Graves disease. Conclusion : there are no significant differences in carotid intima media thickness between overt hyperthyroid and remission state in Graves disease.

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Latar Belakang: Gangguan ginjal akut sering terjadi pada penderita sirosis hati dan berhubungan dengan meningkatnya mortalitas. Model prediksi terjadinya gangguan ginjal akut yang dapat dihitung saat masuk perawatan diharapkan dapat mnemukan pasien yang memiliki resiko dehingga dapat dilakukan upaya mencegah terjadinya gangguan ginjal akut. Tujuan: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara perdarahan saluran cerna, riwayat parasintesis besar, skor MELD, sepsis, peritonitis bakterial spontan, kadar albumin serum, kadar hemoglobin dan rasio netrofil terhadap limfosit dengan terjadinya gangguan ginjal akut pada pasien sirosis hati dan membuat suatu model prediksi terjadinya gangguan ginjal akut pada pasien sirosis hati. Metode: : Analisis data dilakukan terhadap 209 pasien sirosis hari yang dirawat inap di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo dari tanggal 1 January 2019 hingga 31 December 2019. Gangguan ginjal akut didefenisikan dengan terjadinya peningkatan kadar kreatinin serum ≥ 0.3 mg/dL dalam 48 perawatan. Hasil: Terdapat 45 pasien (21,5%) mengalami gangguan ginjal akut.. rasio netrofil terhadap limfosit (p<0.001), skor MELD (p<0.001) and kadar albumin serum (p<0.001) berhubungan dengan terjadinya gangguan ginjal akut. Rasio netrofil limfosi lebih dari 8 (nilai prediksi 2), kadar bilirubin total serum lebih dari 1,9 (nilai prediksi 2) dan kadar albumin serum kurang dari 3(nilai prediksi 1) merupakan nilai batas untuk prediksi. Skor prediksi ≥4 dapat menjadi prediktor terjadinya gangguan ginjal akut pada pasien sirosis hati dengan sensitifitas 97,3%. Simpulan: Rasio netrofil terhadap limfosit, skor MELD, kadar albumin serum berhubungan dengan terjadinya gangguan ginjal akut pada penderita sirosis hati yang dirawat inap.Suatu sistem skor dengan menggunakan rasio netrofil terhadap limfosit, kadar bilirubin total serum dan kadar albumin serum merupakan prediktor yang dapat digunakan untuk prediksi terjadinya gangguan ginjal akut ini. ......Background : Development of acute kidney injury (AKI) is common and is associated with poor outcomes. A risk prediction score combining values easily measured at admission could be valuable to stratify patients for prevention, monitoring and early intervention, ultimately improving patient care and outcomes. Objective: This study aimed to determine association of gastrointestinal bleeding history, large paracentesis history, MELD score, sepsis, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, serum albumin level, hemoglobin level and netrophyl lymphocyte ratio for development of acute kidney injury in cirrhosis patients and to know the prediction score for the development of AKI in hospitalized cirrhosis patients Methods: A cross-examined the data from a retrospective analysis of 209 patients with cirrhosis admitted to the Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from January 2019 to December 2019. AKI was defined as an increase in serum creatinine ≥0.3 mg/dL within 48 hours from baseline. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was produced to assess the discriminative ability of the variables. Cutoff values were defined as those with highest validity. The final AKI risk score model was assessed using the ROC curve. Results: A total of 45 patients (21,5%) developed AKI. Higher NLR (p<0.001), Model of End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) (p<0.001) and lower serum albumin level (p<0.001) were independently associated with AKI. Finding the prediction score of acute kidney injury, cut off values with the highest validity for predicting AKI were determined and defined as 8 for the neutrophil lymphocyte ratio, 1,9 for total bilirubine serum and 3 for serum albumin level. The risk score was created allowing 2 points if the netrophyl lymphocyte ratio is higher than 8, 2 point if the serum total bilirubine is higher than 1,9 and 1 point if the serum albumin is lower than 3. The AUROC curve of the risk prediction score for AKI was 0.842. A risk score of ≥4 points predicts AKI in cirrhotic patients with a sensitivity of 97,3%. Conclusions: The netrophyl lymphocyte ratio, MELD score and albumin level are associated with the development of AKI in hospitalized cirrhosis patients. A score combining netrophyl lymphocyte ratio, serum bilirubin and albumin level demonstrated a strong discriminative ability to predict AKI in hospitalized cirrhotic patients